scholarly journals Agricultural disaster management and contingency planning to meet the challenges of extreme weather events

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
A. K. SIKKA ◽  
B. BAPUJI RAO ◽  
V. U. M. RAO
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Summer Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Weather Events

Natural disasters of hydro-meteorological nature are playing a key role in the economic development of India. Agricultural production in India is largely dependent on the performance of summer monsoon rainfall. Apart from its spatial and temporal variability, several climatic anomalies / extremes attaining disastrous form at times were found to influence the country's agricultural production. Nature and magnitude of climate extremes that frequent India are presented with their history and region of occurrence.  Droughts and floods are found to be paramount. Of late, hailstorms, cold and heat wave conditions are also exerting considerable influence on field and orchard crops. Trends in extreme events, their frequency and effects on crops are discussed. Regions in the country prone to be sensitive to the various weather extremes are presented. Management strategies and contingency planning to be adopted to cope-up the weather extremes are elucidated. Few case studies on the successful strategies adopted at the field level to cope-up extreme weather events under National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) program are reported.

A New Avenue of Research for Improving the Predictability of Weather Extremes - The Eastern Mediterranen as a Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Hochman ◽  
Pinhas Alpert ◽  
Hadas Saaroni ◽  
Tzvi Harpaz ◽  
Joaquim G. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>Extreme weather events have long been considered challenging to predict. It is likely that global warming will trigger extreme weather in many regions of the globe and especially over the Mediterranean ´hot spot´. Therefore, extreme weather events have been selected as one of the grand challenges of the World Climate Research Program.</p><p>The intrinsic predictability of a weather system, or any dynamical system, depends on its persistence and its active number of degrees of freedom. Recent developments in dynamical systems theory allow to compute these metrics for atmospheric configurations (1). In most of the mid-latitudes, synoptic scale patterns exert a strong control on regional weather, thus, stimulating a broad interest, especially in weather forecasting. Recently, we have integrated the dynamical systems approach with a synoptic classification algorithm over the Eastern Mediterranean (2).  It was shown that the dynamical systems perspective provides an extremely informative tool for evaluating the predictability of synoptic patterns and especially of weather extremes.</p><p>The novel perspective, which leverages a dynamical systems approach to investigate the predictability of extreme weather events, outlines a new avenue of research that may be fruitfully applied at operational weather and climate forecasting services in the Mediterranean Region and around the globe.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><ol><li>Faranda D, Messori G, Yiou P. 2017. Dynamical Proxies of North Atlantic Predictability and Extremes. Scientific Reports <strong>7</strong>, 412782017b. DOI: 10.1038/srep4127</li> <li>Hochman A, Alpert P, Harpaz T, Saaroni H, Messori G. 2019. A New Dynamical Systems Perspective on Atmospheric Predictability; Eastern Mediterranean Weather Regimes as a Case Study. Science Advances <strong>5</strong>. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0936</li> </ol>

scholarly journals Selected extreme weather events on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea in the period 2001-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Filipiak ◽  
Mirosława Malinowska
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Precipitation Events

AbstractThe article examines the spatial and temporal variability in selected extreme meteorological phenomena on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. Data from the 2001-2014 period related to a few meteorological and oceanographic elements were used to calculate indices of extreme weather events. The amount of intensive and widespread precipitation events in the 21

scholarly journals Extreme Weather Events and their Consequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The damage (in real terms after adjusting for inflation) caused by extreme weather events globally has increased dramatically over the past few decades. This is a result of an increase in the amplitude and frequency of weather extremes, as well as of human factors causing a widespread increase in levels of exposure and vulnerability. There are a number of reasons to consider that, in many regions of the globe, weather extremes (e.g. heat waves, droughts, forest fires, intense rainfall, floods and landslides) are becoming both yet more extreme and more frequent. Projections for the future based on climate and impact models point to a further strengthening of this trend. There has already been an increase in rainfall intensity in conditions of a warmer climate, and a continuation of this trend is expected, with adverse consequences for flood risk. However, the development of flood-prone areas and increase in damage potential are often the dominant factors underpinning growing flood damage and flood risk. In warmer climates, an increased risk of river and flash flooding caused by heavy rainfall, as well as an increasing risk of coastal flooding associated with sea level rise can be expected over large areas. By the same token, a reduction in the risk of snowmelt flooding events is projected in the warmer climate. Projections also indicate an increased risk of drought in many areas. The projections for climate change in Poland point to several risks associated with an increase in the frequency, intensity and severity of weather extremes (heat waves, intensive rainfall, flooding and landslides, coastal surges, drought during the growing season and winter, strong winds and pathogens associated with warming). Heat waves will become more frequent, more intense and more troublesome for the ageing population of Poland.

scholarly journals Identifying agricultural disaster risk zones for future climate actions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260430
Author(s):  
Nkongho Ayuketang Arreyndip
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Sub Saharan

Identifying agricultural disaster risk regions before the occurrence of climate-related disasters is critical for early mitigation planning. This paper aims to identify these regions based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the bilateral and multilateral trade network data of the World Integrated Trade Solution(WITS) and the agent-based economic model Acclimate. By applying a uniform forcing across agricultural sectors of some breadbasket regions (US, EU and China), when single and simultaneous extreme weather events occur, such as the 2018 European heatwave, production and consumption value losses and gains are calculated at regional and global levels. Comparing the FAO data sets, WITS, and Acclimate’s production value losses, the results show a strong dependence of agricultural production losses on a region’s output and connectivity level in the global supply and trade network. While India, Brazil, Russia, Canada, Australia, and Iran are highly vulnerable, the imposition of export restrictions to compensate for demand shortfalls makes Sub-Saharan Africa the most vulnerable region, as it is heavily dependent on agricultural imports. In addition, simultaneous extreme weather events can exacerbate the loss of value of agricultural production relative to single extreme weather events. Agricultural practices to increase production such as smart farming, increased investment in plantation agriculture, and diversification of trading partners can help mitigate future food security risks in Sub-Saharan Africa and other agricultural import-dependent regions.

Eight Hundred Years of North Atlantic Jet Stream Variability and its Influence on European Climate Extremes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Trouet ◽  
Matthew Meko ◽  
Lara Klippel ◽  
Flurin Babst ◽  
Jan Esper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Jet Stream ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Latitudinal Position ◽  
North Atlantic Jet

<p><strong>A recent increase in mid-latitude extreme weather events has been linked to anomalies in the position, strength, and waviness of the Northern Hemisphere polar jet stream. The latitudinal position of the North Atlantic Jet (NAJ) in particular drives climatic extremes over Europe, </strong>by controlling the location of the Atlantic storm track and by influencing the occurrence and duration of atmospheric blocking. <strong>To put recent NAJ trends in a historical perspective and to investigate non-linear relationships between jet stream position, mid-latitude extreme weather events, and anthropogenic climate change, long-term records of NAJ variability are needed. Here, we combine two tree-ring based summer temperature reconstructions from Scotland and from the Balkan Peninsula to reconstruct inter-annual variability in the latitudinal position of the summer NAJ back to 1200 CE. We find that over the past centuries, a northward summer NAJ position has resulted in heatwaves in northwestern Europe, whereas a southward position has promoted wildfires in southeastern Europe and floods in northwestern Europe. The great famine of 1315-1317 in northwestern Europe, for instance, was associated with prolonged flooding and cold summers that resulted in failed grain harvest and were related to a southern NAJ position. We further find an unprecedented increase in NAJ anomalies since the 1960s, which supports more sinuous jet stream patterns and quasi-resonant amplification as potential dynamic pathways for Arctic warming to influence midlatitude weather.</strong></p>

Has the climate become more variable or extreme? Progress 1992-2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Nicholls ◽  
Lisa Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Climate Events

In 1990 and 1992 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its first assessment of climate change and its supplement, did not consider whether extreme weather events had increased in frequency and/or intensity globally, because data were too sparse to make this a worthwhile exercise. In 1995 the IPCC, in its second assessment, did examine this question, but concluded that data and analyses of changes in extreme events were ‘not comprehensive’and thus the question could not be answered with any confidence. Since then, concerted multinational efforts have been undertaken to collate, quality control, and analyse data on weather and climate extremes. A comprehensive examination of the question of whether extreme events have changed in frequency or intensity is now more feasible than it was 15 years ago. The processes that have led to this position are described, along with current understanding of possible changes in some extreme weather and climate events.

scholarly journals Weather extremes : A spatio-temporal perspectives

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
L. S. RATHORE ◽  
D. R. PATTANAIK ◽  
S. C. BHAN
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Cold Waves ◽  
Severe Thunderstorms ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Being mainly an agricultural country the economy of India and its growth mainly depends on the vagaries of the weather and in particular the extreme weather events. India with a land of unique climatic regime due to several characteristic features, including (i) two monsoon seasons (south-west and north-east) leading to drought & flood condition, active and break cycle of monsoon and also heavy rainfall leading to flash flood and landslides, (ii) two cyclone seasons (pre and post-monsoon cyclone seasons), (iii) hot weather season characterized by severe thunderstorms, dust storms and heat waves, (iv) cold weather season characterized by violent snow storms in the Himalayan regions, cold waves and fog. The socio-economic impacts of the extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, heavy rainfall, cyclones, hail storm, thunderstorm, heat and cold waves have been increasing due to large growth of population and urbanizations, which has led to greater vulnerability. A spatio-temporal analysis of these weather extremes over India will be very helpful to understand the vulnerability potential and to improve the forecast skill and use these forecasts in minimizing the adverse impacts of such weather extremes. 

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ADAPTATION PRACTICES TO CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION BY FARMING HOUSEHOLD. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
James Kimani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Farming Household ◽  
Adaptation Practices

Purpose: Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality.  Projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural productivity. Increases in the frequency and severity extreme weather events can also interrupt food delivery, and resulting spikes in food prices after extreme events are expected to be more frequent in the future.  Increasing temperatures can contribute to spoilage and contamination. The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of Adaptation practices to climate change and its impact on agricultural production by farming household.    Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out the locals households prefer multiple adaptation strategies to counter the effects of climate variability and change. The current local adaptation strategies include crop, diversification, shifting planting dates, off farm jobs and diversifying from farm to non – farm activities. However majority of the respondents employ crop diversification as the main adaptation strategy. For the locals’ crop diversification does, to an extent, guarantees good harvests although there are years in which farmers report total crop losses Recommendations: The study recommends that policy efforts should be directed at enforcing  adaptation measures of climate change in order to boost agricultural  production

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