scholarly journals Rumen parameters and passage rate in cattle fed diets based on sugarcane hydrolyzed with calcium oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2783
Author(s):  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Mariana Magalhães Campos ◽  
Ana Luiza Da Costa Cruz Borges ◽  
Carlos Giovani Pancoti ◽  
Ricardo Reis e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Matter Basis

Nine non-lactating Holstein x Gyr cattle were fed with rations based on chopped sugarcane supplied in natura (control) or hydrolyzed (fresh matter basis) for 24 h with 1% or 2% calcium oxide (CaO), which corresponds to 3.1% or 6.2% CaO on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. Ruminal parameters (pH and ammonia N, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations) as well as the kinetics of fluid and particulate passage in the gastrointestinal tract from cattle were evaluated. A design using three 3 x 3 contemporaneous Latin Squares (LS) was adopted. The studies of kinetics of fluid and particulate passage were performed using the external markers cobalt-EDTA and chromium-mordanted-NDF, respectively. The ruminal parameters were analyzed according to a 3 x 3 LS replicated three times with repeated measures in time using mixed models that included the fixed effects of treatment (level of CaO), time of sampling and their interaction and the following random effects: LS, animal(LS), period of LS and period*animal (LS). The kinetic parameters of fluid and particulate passage were analyzed using mixed models with treatment as a fixed effect and period of LS, animal(LS) and LS as random effects. The linear and quadratic effects of the treatments were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts. Significant differences were declared at P ? 0.05. No treatment*time interaction was observed (P > 0.05) for any ruminal parameter. A linear effect (P = 0.0279) of CaO inclusion on ruminal pH was observed, but there were no effects (P > 0.05) of the treatments on the ammonia N, acetate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acid ruminal concentrations. There was a quadratic effect (P = 0.05) of the addition of CaO on the ruminal propionate concentration. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the treatments on the particulate rate of passage in the rumen as well as on the mean retention time in this compartment and in the total gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand, the addition of CaO to sugarcane promoted a linear increase (P = 0.0258) in the particulate post-ruminal passage rate and, consequently, a linear reduction (P = 0.0363) of the mean retention time in the cecum-proximal colon. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the sugarcane hydrolysis with CaO on the ruminal parameters of the kinetics of fluid passage (dilution rate, retention time and turnover rate). The addition of 3.1% or 6.2% CaO on a DM basis (1% or 2% CaO on a fresh matter basis, respectively) of sugarcane does not improve ruminal fermentation, nor does it increase the fluid or particulate passage in the rumen of non-lactating Holstein x Gyr cattle.

scholarly journals The effect of size and density on mean retention time of particles in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaske ◽  
W. V. Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
The Mean

The selective retention of particles in the reticulo-rumen and in the gastrointestinal tract distal to the reticulo-rumen was studied in fistulated sheep maintained on a roughage diet. Polyethylene glycol and plastic particles of different lengths (1 and 10 mm) and densities (092, 1.03, 1.22 and 1.44 g/ml) were either fed or were introduced into the omasum. The mean retention time in the reticulo-rumen (MRTRR) of 1 mm long particles with a density of approximately 1.0 g/ml was about 67 h, that is eight times longer than the MRTRR of fluid; the heavier particles were retained only three times longer than fluid. Particles with a length of 10 mm were retained in the reticulo-rumen 19–28 h longer than 1 mm long particles of the same density. Particles with a length of 10 mm were reduced to smaller particles (0.5–4 mm) due to rumination. Multiple regression analysis indicated that particle density and particle size accounted for 59 and 28% of the total variation of MRTRR respectively. The mean retention time distal to the reticulo- rumen (MRTGut) of 1 and 10 mm long particles with a density near 1.0 g/ml was 18–19 h, similar to that of fluid (16 h). The heavier particles were retained about 3–8 h longer.

scholarly journals On the influence of diet on the retention time of food in the digestive tract of cows

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä ◽  
Liisa Liakka
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Matter Basis

The retention times of dry matter and its constituents in the digestive tract of cows on hay+sugar beet pulp (5 cows) and cows fed on hay+swedes (8 cows) are compared with the retention times pertaining to cows fed on hay+concentrate or hay only. The following conclusions were reached; On a hay+sugar beet pulp diet the mean retention time of dry matter in the reticulo-rumen, and the retention times of lignin in the reticulo-rumen, in the whole digestive tract, and in the digestive tract following the reticulo-rumen are of the same magnitude as the corresponding retention times on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6). The mean retention time of membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen seems to be shorter and that of valuable N-free nutrients in the reticulo-rumen longer than the corresponding retention times on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 3 and 4). On a hay+swede diet the mean retention times of dry matter and membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen are of the same magnitude as on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 1 and 3). The mean retention time of valuable N-free nutrients in the reticulo-rumen and, in abundant feeding, the retention times of lignin in the reticulo-rumen, in the whole digestive tract, and especially in the digestive tract following the reticulo-rumen are shorter than on the hay+concentrate diet (figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6). On the hay+sugar beet pulp and the hay+swede diets the retention times are in general of the same magnitude. However, the retention time of membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen is shorter and that of the valuable N-free nutrients considerably longer on a hay+sugar beet pulp than on a hay+swede diet. Replacing a certain amount of hay by concentrates, sugar beet pulp or swedes on a dry matter basis seems to have no effect on the mean retention time of dry matter in the reticulo-rumen. However, a retarding effect on the rate of passage of typical hay constituents (lignin and membrane substances) and an accelerating effect on that of valuable N-free nutrients characteristic of concentrated foods was observed. The said replacing accelerates the rate of passage of lignin in the disgestive tract following the reticulo-rumen on a hay+swede diet.

Digestion and Digesta Passage in the Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus Vulpecula (Kerr).

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Wellard ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Significant Differentiation ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Digesta Passage

Digestion and digesta passage rate were studied in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) fed on semipurified diets of 2 different fibre values. Increasing fibre in the diet from 17 to 41% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) depressed digestibility of DM (P<0.01), energy (P<0.001) and NDF (P<0.05). Within the high-fibre diets, but not the low-fibre diets, there were negative correlations between apparent digestibility of DM and DM intake (P<0.005) and between NDF digestibility and DM intake (P<0.001). Caecectomy had no effect on intake or digestion of DM or fibre. The average mean retention time in intact animals was 64 h for fluid and 71 h for particulate digesta. Caecectomy increased the mean retention time of fluid to 120 h (P<0.025) and of particles to 125 h (P<0.01). This increase in retention time was used to explain the lack of any significant effect of caecectomy on fibre digestibility. There was no significant differentiation in passage rate of fluid and particulate digesta. Results are discussed in relation to the role of the caecum in digestion in the brushtail possum.

Assessment of the heterogeneous ruminal fiber pool and development of a mathematical approach for predicting the mean retention time of feeds in goats1

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. L. Regadas Filho ◽  
L. O. Tedeschi ◽  
R. A. M. Vieira ◽  
M. T. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean

Digestion and retention time of stained food in sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fadlalla ◽  
R. N. B. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oat Husk

SummaryThe suitability of stained food and [103Ru]phenanthroline-treated food as markers for measuring dietary retention time was examined in sheep. The digestibility of oat husk, assessed by incubation of samples contained in nylon bags in the rumen, was greatly depressed by staining with brilliant green, and slightly depressed by basic fuschsin. The latter effect appeared largely to be due to boiling rather than the stain itself.When milled hay treated with both basic fuschsin and [103Ru]phenanthroline was introduced into the rumen, the mean retention time estimated with the stain was about 40% longer than that estimated with [103Ru]phenanthroline.

scholarly journals Retention time of chromium-labelled feed particles and of water in the gut of sheep given hay and concentrate at maintenance

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chopped Grass

1. Sheep were given a diet of 400 g chopped grass hay/d and 500 g crushed barley/d in three equal meals. The mean retention time in the whole gut (MRT) and the rumen retention time (RRT) of chromium-labelled feed particles and of water were estimated from marker concentrations in faecal samples.2. MRT of Cr-labelled hay (Cr-H), barley hulls (Cr-Bh), crushed peas (Pisum sativum) (Cr-CP) and rapeseed meal (Cr-RSM) were 53.5, 52.3, 44.3 and 37.0 h respectively when estimated from total faecal collections. The estimates obtained from spot samples of faeces were almost identical.3. RRT of Cr-H, Cr-Bh, Cr-CP, Cr-RSM (Expts 1, 2 and 3) and Cr-labelled cottonseed meal (Cr-CSM) was 35.9, 36.7, 25.3, 18.8, 19.8, 22.8 and 25.3 h respectively.4. The Cr-labelled feed particles showed marked variations in density in water (Dω). However, both MRT and RRT were closely related to Dω, (r—0.88 and —0.95 respectively).5. Rumen outflow rates of Cr-RSM in individual animals were related to the rumen outflow rates of water (r 0.76).

Effect of fibre content in the diet on the mean retention time in different segments of the digestive tract in growing pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wilfart ◽  
L. Montagne ◽  
H. Simmins ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
J. van Milgen
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Mathematical modelling of digesta passage rate, mean retention time and in vivo apparent digestibility of two different lengths of hay and big-bale grass silage in ponies

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
H. J. Morrow ◽  
A. C. Longland
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Grass Hay

Welsh-cross pony geldings (about 300kg live weight) were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to determine the rate of passage and apparent digestibility of unchopped big-bale grass silage (BBL), chopped big-bale grass silage (BBS), unchopped grass hay (HL) and chopped grass hay (HS) offered at approximately 15g/kg live weight per d. On day 1 of collection weeks, ponies were fed 85g ytterbium chloride hexahydrate-marked feed 1·5h after the morning meal. Total faecal collections commenced 8h later and continued for 168h. Apparent digestibilities of feed DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP, N×6·25), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were also determined. Faecal excretion data were subjected to the models of Pond et al. (1988) and digesta mean retention time (MRT) calculated from these models and using the algebraic method of Thielmans et al. (1978). Silage had significantly (P<0·05) higher digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, ADF and NDF than hay; however, chop length had no effect. All the models of Pond et al. (1988) accurately described (R2>0·8) the pattern of faecal marker excretion. MRT of BBL (29·0h)>BBS(27h)>HS and HL (26h). Compartmental analysis using the G3 model of Pond et al. (1988) showed BBL and HS diets had longer MRT in the time-dependent compartment, whereas BBS and HL had longer MRT in the time-independent compartment. Results from this experiment indicate that BBL and BBS are readily accepted and digested by ponies. While Yb is a successful external marker for determining total tract MRT and for modelling faecal excretion curves in horses, the results did not allow any definite conclusions to be drawn on digesta MRT within the different compartments of the equid gut.

scholarly journals Kinetics of ruminal passage rate of particles of signal grass silage, maize and intercropped

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrea Rincón BELTRÁN ◽  
Fernando de Paula LEONEL ◽  
Severino Delmar Junqueira VILLELA ◽  
Wagner Pessanha TAMY ◽  
Juliana do Carmo CARVALHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
The Times ◽  
Average Retention Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

<p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of ruminal passage rate of particles from the subsequent associations: corn and signal grass; corn, signal grass and Calopogônio; corn, signal grass and Macrotiloma; and corn, signal grass and Estilosantes. It was used four crossbred holstein-zebu cattle with the rumen tubed in order to determine the the kinetics of ruminal passage rate of particles. The feces were collected at the times zero (immediately after addition of fibers complexed with chromium), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 56 , 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 120, 132, 144 and 192 hours. The profile parameters of passage rate estimative were adjusted according to robust regression procedures. The average time of particles retention in the raft (ATPR1); the average time in the rumen liquid phase (ATRLP2) and the average time of total ruminal retention (ATTRR) were adjusted for the passage kinetics and estimated with the NLIN procedure of SAS. From the observed results, may be suggested that the transference rate <italic>λ</italic> has an inverse behavior to the escape rate <italic>κ</italic>, the <italic>τ</italic> average values, the average retention time and average particles retention time in the rumen liquid phase (ATRLP2) were not statistically different. The feed characteristics after the raft escape and reach to ATRLP2, were very similar; (ATTRR), related to treatments, were not statistically different (P<0,05). There were observed small TMRR numerical differences in different foods. The corn and signal grass; corn, signal grass and calopogônio; corn, signal grass and macrotiloma, corn, signal grass and estilosantes silage fibers had similar rates of<italic>λ</italic>, k, ATPR1, ATRLP2 and ATTRR. Therefore, the the kinetics of ruminal passage rate of particles is similar. Thus, the choice of the system should be based on other factors, such as viability of the management ease and silage cost.</p>

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