Effect of vaccination on the apparent prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the state of Tocantins, Brazil

A cross-sectional study on the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis was carried out in the state of Tocantins to evaluate the effectiveness of its vaccination program. The state was divided into five regions, and a predetermined number of farms was randomly selected in each one. Females aged 24 months or older were randomly selected in each farm and diagnosed with brucellosis by serial serology (AAT and 2-ME). A total of 6,846 animals from 756 farms were examined. The prevalence of seropositive herds in the state was 6.42% [CI95%: 4.76-8.62], and the prevalence of seropositive animals was 2.21% [CI95%: 1.05-4.01]. The prevalence of seropositive herds was homogeneously distributed among regions. The 2002/2003 study estimated the prevalence of seropositive herds in the state to be 21.22% [CI95%: 19.33-23.11]. In conclusion, the vaccination program implemented in Tocantins, reaching vaccination coverage above 70% as of 2010, significantly reduced the prevalence of seropositive herds. Thus, continuing the vaccination program in the state is recommended, preferably increasing the quality of the processes involved, from commercialization to inoculation in animals, since immunization remains the most effective means to reduce the prevalence of brucellosis. In addition, animal replacement remains a major risk factor for bovine brucellosis in Tocantins since 20022003; therefore, the state must implement a strong health education program explaining to farmers the importance of testing animals for brucellosis before introducing them into their herds.

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Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis after implementation of a vaccination program in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3519 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3519

Author(s):

Nairléia Dos Santos Silva ◽

Ana Cláudia Mello Groff ◽

Ana Carla Martins Vidor ◽

José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho ◽

Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Predetermined Number

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a bovine brucellosis vaccination program in Rio Grande do Sul, with prevalence as the indicator, and to identify risk factors for the disease. The state was divided into seven regions. For each region, a predetermined number of properties were randomly sampled, in which a pre-established number of randomly selected females aged over 24 months were tested. The serodiagnosis protocol consisted of a screening test using buffered acidified antigen, followed by a confirmatory test using 2-mercaptoethanol. An epidemiological questionnaire was utilized to identify possible risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the prevalence of infected herds was found to be 3.54% [2.49-4.88], and the prevalence of infected animals was 0.98% [0.57-1.57]. In assessments of specific regions, the infected herd prevalence ranged from 0.66% to 3.09%, and among the animals, from 0.06% to 2.03%. In herds comprising 15 or more cows, beef type and pasture sharing emerged as risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the state. The epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis in Rio Grande do Sul has remained unchanged since 2004, even though adequate vaccination coverage has been recorded since 2009. Thus, the state should continue its vaccination program, with emphasis on the quality of the process and on encouraging the use of non-antibody inducing vaccines. In addition, the state must make a greater effort to educate producers on the importance of testing for brucellosis in breeding animals before introducing them onto their properties, and on the importance of avoiding shared grazing among herds whose health conditions are unknown.

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Epidemiologic characterization of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3567 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3567 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jason Onell Ardila Galvis ◽

José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho ◽

Daniele Da Costa ◽

Alba Luisa Pereira Ribeiro Said ◽

Marcos Amaku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fixed Number ◽

The State ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Espírito Santo ◽

Apparent Prevalence ◽

Espirito Santo

A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2012 and May 2014 to investigate the status of bovine tuberculosis in the state of Espírito Santo. The state was divided into two regions, and in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly selected and considered as the primary sampling units. In the selected farms, a fixed number of female bovines aged over 2 years were randomly selected to undergo a comparative cervical tuberculin test; an epidemiologic questionnaire was also applied. In the state of Espírito Santo, the apparent prevalence of tuberculosis-positive farms was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7-9.9). Prevalence at the herd level varied from 4.6% (95% CI = 2.6-7.3) in region 1 to 11.1% (95% CI = 7.7-15.3) in region 2. The apparent prevalence of tuberculosis-positive animals was 0.7% (95% CI = 0.3-1.1) in the state, and the prevalence varied from 0.3% (95% CI = 0.2-0.6) in region 1 to 1.2% (95% CI = 0.3-2.9) in region 2. The risk factors associated with tuberculosis prevalence in Espírito Santo were the number of adult females ? 10 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.17-5.31) and milking type (milking machine/milking parlor) (OR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.36-5.86]). The state of Espírito Santo should set up a surveillance system to detect and control bovine tuberculosis, taking into account the importance of dairy farms and animal trade in the state.

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Control of bovine brucellosis from 1998 to 2009 in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3467 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jamil Manoel Leal Filho ◽

Ilda Francisca Neves Bottene ◽

Letícia Almeida Retumba Carneiro Monteiro ◽

Aiesca Oliveira Pellegrin ◽

Vitor Salvador Picão Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herd Size ◽

The State ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Property A ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Mixed Types ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Predetermined Number

This study used disease prevalence as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of the bovine brucellosis vaccination program implemented by the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The state was divided into three regions: Pantanal, Planalto Sul, and Planalto Norte. For each region, a predetermined number of properties was sampled; in each, blood samples were collected from randomly selected cows aged at least 24 months. Sera from animals were subjected to a protocol that called for serial testing, with screening and confirmation using the buffered acidified antigen and 2-mercaptoethanol tests, respectively. In each property, a questionnaire was completed in order to identify risk factors associated with the disease. The overall prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals in the state were 30.6% [27.4; 34.0] and 7.0% [5.6; 8.7], respectively. The regional prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals were 39.1% and 8.9%, respectively, in Pantanal, 25.3% and 6.1% in Planalto Sul, and 32.1% and 6.4% in Planalto Norte. Bovine brucellosis in the state is associated with the purchase of breeding animals, herd size, and beef and mixed types of enterprise. Thus, Mato Grosso do Sul should reassess its vaccination program in order to improve its effectiveness. The state must also increase education and supervision to encourage producers to test breeding animals for brucellosis before introducing them to their properties.

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Effect of vaccination in lowering bovine brucellosis in the State of Rondônia, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3493 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3493

Author(s):

Osvaldo Frederico Inlamea ◽

Adelmar Bendler da Rocha ◽

Fernando Ferreira ◽

José Henrique Hidelbrand Grisi-Filho ◽

Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infected Animal ◽

Complement Fixation Test ◽

The State ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Great Effort ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Beef Herd ◽

Induce Antibody

The study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccination program against bovine brucellosis, implemented by the State of Rondônia, using prevalence rates as an indicator. The State was divided into three regions. For each region, a pre-determined number of herds were selected and at each herds, blood samples were collected from randomly chosen females with 24 months age or more. Sera from animals were submitted to a serial testing protocol, with screening performed using the buffered acidified antigen test and confirmation by the complement fixation test. A epidemiological questionnaire was administered to each farm property to identify the risk factors associated with the disease. The prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animal at the state were 12.3% [10.3–14.6] and was 1.9% [1.4–2.5], respectively. Between the regions, the prevalence of infected herds varied from 11.6% to 12.8% and the prevalence of infected animals ranged between 1.4% and 2.6%. Bovine brucellosis in Rondônia State is associated with the beef herd, a larger number of cows and the presence of flooded pastures. There was an important reduction in prevalence rates of infected herds and infected animals since 2004, however further reduction could still be achieved with vaccination. Thus, the State should continue its vaccination program, placing emphasis on ensuring the quality of the process. In addition, it should also promote the use of a vaccine that does not induce antibody formation. Additionally, the State must carry out a great effort of education so that producers test breeding animals for brucellosis before introducing them onto their properties and, where possible, prevent calved cows from having access to areas that are flooded.

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Epidemiologic characterization of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Rondônia, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3639 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabiano Benitez Vendrame ◽

Marcos Amaku ◽

Fernando Ferreira ◽

Evelise Oliveira Telles ◽

José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fixed Number ◽

The State ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Apparent Prevalence ◽

Primary Sample

A cross sectional study was performed between June 2009 and March 2010 to determine the situation of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Rondônia. The state was divided into three regions and, in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly chosen and considered as primary sample units. In the selected farms, an epidemiologic questionnaire was applied. A fixed number of bovine females older than two years of age was randomly selected and tested through comparative cervical tuberculin test. Considering the State of Rondônia, the apparent prevalence of bTB positive farms was 2.3% (95% CI = 1.5–3.5%). The prevalence in the regions varied from 1.7% (95% CI = 0.7 – 4%) to 3% (95% CI = 1.6–5.7%). The apparent prevalence of bTB positive animals in the State of Rondônia was 0.12% (95% CI = 0.06–0.25%) and varied from 0.08% (95% CI = 0.04–0.18%) to 0.15% (95% CI = 0.07–0.33%) in the regions. The risk factor associated to tuberculosis in the State of Rondônia was the acquisition of animals (OR = 7.1; 95% CI = 1.6–31.1). The State of Rondônia should implement a surveillance system to detect bTB-infected herds to certify them as bTB-free. Moreover, an efficient health education program to inform farmers to test replacement animals for bTB prior to introduction in their herds should also be implemented.

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Hearing Outcome of Stapes Surgery in NIENT, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.3329/bjo.v26i1.47950 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Md Zakaria Sarkar ◽

AHM Ferdows Nur ◽

Utpal Kumar Dutta ◽

Muhammad Rafiqul Islam ◽

Debabrota Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Surgical Trauma ◽

Group 14 ◽

Progressive Hearing Loss ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hearing Gain ◽

Hearing Outcome

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing outcome after stapedotomy in patients with Otosclerosis. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from July 2017 to January 2019 in National Institute of ENT, Unit V. About 22 patients with Otosclerosis were included in this study. Diagnosis of Otosclerosis was based on the history, medical status with Otoscopy, Tuning fork tests and Audiometric tests. We compiled data on the pre and post operative air-bone gap (ABG) at 0.5, 1, 2 KHZ. The ABG was Calculated using AC and BC thresholds on the same audiogram. Post operative hearing gain was then Calculated from the ABG before the operation minus the ABG of the last follow up examination Results: In this study most of the cases were age group 14-30 years (72.7%), female (54.5%). Most common symptoms was progressive hearing loss, tinnitus (77.8%).The average preoperative hearing loss in this study was (AC) was 48.31±7.68. The average post opt. hearing (AC) at follow up was 28.95±10.30 with an average hearing gain of 15.40±8.53 dB which was significant. The average pre-operative ABG was 28.99 dB ± 8.10. The average post opt. ABG was analyzed at 1 follow up showed ABG 13.18±8.09 dB which was found to be significant. Conclusion: Stapedotomy is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis which leads to improvement in patient’s quality of life. A favorable hearing outcome can be obtained by the combination of experienced hands with minimal surgical trauma and appropriate surgical technique. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 31-36

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