Monitoring of the height-growth duration from the root collar up to one meter in the main stems of Abies nephrolepis and Pinus koraiensis at Sorak Falls in the Soraksan National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
En-Bi Choi ◽  
Jun-Hui Park ◽  
Jin-Won Kim ◽  
Yojung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Wook Seo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Root Collar

scholarly journals Development and dynamics of mountain spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten) stand regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Malík ◽  
J. Remeš ◽  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. Štícha
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tree Layer

We summarized development and dynamics of natural regeneration in mountain spruce forests in areas affected by bark beetle gradation in the Šumava National Park. Detailed measurements of the regeneration were carried out using Field-Map technology (www.fieldmap.com) on ten permanent research plots. Research plots included the forests with decaying tree layer, stands in partial decline and stands with a generally healthy, or only partially damaged tree layer. Differences in rates of regeneration are very significant between the particular types of plots, especially in the youngest age class. Differences are also evident in the seedling height under varying treatments. The highest numbers of recruits (9,880 per ha) were found under intact overstorey canopies, while the fastest height growth occurred on clearcuts. This study also investigated and evaluated artificial regeneration done in the past.  

Decay and stain 10 years later in aspen suckers subjected to scarification at age 3

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Basham
Keyword(s):  
Normal Growth ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

A trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) sucker stand was scarified at age 3 to benefit subsequently planted white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss). Survivors were examined 4, 6, and 10 years after treatment. The effects of scarification on aspen stem growth, and on external and internal quality of both roots and stems, were assessed at those times. Damage inflicted on the parent root system significantly reduced stem growth after scarification. Ten years after scarification normal height growth had resumed, but diameter growth was still slightly slower than that of unscarified suckers. Scarification wounds on the root systems were common and frequently associated with root and root-collar decay. Both the root systems and stems of scarified suckers had significantly more internal decay and stain than those of unscarified suckers. Stem wounds apparently caused by scarification were present on approximately 75% of the survivors, and accounted for most of the extra defect in scarified stems. The extent of advanced stem decay was closely correlated with the severity of stem wounds. Several basidiomycete fungi known to cause advanced butt and stem decay in mature aspen in Ontario were isolated from decay within the root systems and stems of scarified suckers. In unscarified suckers these basidiomycetes were not isolated or were isolated much less frequently. The large numbers of surviving suckers, their nearly normal growth rates, and the relatively small size of the planted spruce 10 years after scarification indicate that the aspen will develop into well-stocked, harvestable stands. However, a high proportion of the aspen that survive scarification will likely be more susceptible than unscarified aspen to windthrow or breakage. The scarified trees will likely be of lower quality as well, because the incidence and extent of decay in the root systems and lower stems are comparatively high.

scholarly journals Height Growth of Korean Pine Seedlings Planted under Strip-Cut Larch Plantations in Northeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Owari ◽  
Shinichi Tatsumi ◽  
Liangzhi Ning ◽  
Mingfang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Open Site ◽  
Pine Seedlings

To develop two-storied forest management of larch plantations in Northeast China, this study examined the height growth of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensisSieb. et Zucc.) seedlings planted under strip-cut larch canopies. We measured the height growth of the underplanted seedlings 4 years after planting. The larch canopies were of varying stand age (12, 17, and 37 years) and strip-cut width (4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 m). We measured the seedling height growth in an open site (i.e., a site with no canopy). Underplanted seedlings had a smaller height growth (12.1–20.1 cm year−1) than the seedlings planted in the open site (23.7 cm year−1). The seedlings underplanted in the wider strip-cuts tended to have greater height growth than the seedlings underplanted in the narrowest strip-cuts. A generalized linear mixed model analysis predicted the greatest seedling height growth in the open site. A 36–47% reduction in annual height growth was predicted for the narrowest strip-cuts (4.5 m) versus the open site, while a 13–36% reduction in annual height growth was predicted for the wider strip-cuts (6.0–7.5 m) versus the open site. To maintain adequate height growth, forest managers are recommended to create wider strip-cuts (i.e., ≥6.0 m) for the purpose of underplanting Korean pine seedlings in larch plantations.

Treeshelters: A judicious choice for improving red ash growth

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Delisle
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Delta System ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Root Collar

During two consecutive years, 2 + 0 bareroot red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) seedlings were planted in the spring in clearcuts and in old fields. In the fall of the same years, treeshelters 120 cm in height were installed to protect plants from browsing. Tree growth and survival were assessed over a four-year period following outplanting. Sheltered trees were then significantly higher than the controls, and their root collar diameters were larger, on average. Trees planted on clearcuts were taller than those on old fields. Four years after outplanting, sheltered trees had a slightly better survival rate than the controls with overall survival rate exceeding 97% for both planting years. Key words: treeshelter, tree protector, Delta system, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, reforestation, survival, height growth, diameter growth

scholarly journals Intermittent Short Days and Chilling, and Benzylaminopurine Affect the Growth and Morphology of Fraser fir Seedlings

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
Ben H. Cazell ◽  
John R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Chilling Period ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Short Days

Abstract Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh.) Poir.) seedlings were either grown continuously under long days (16 hr) or intermittently exposed to short days (8 hr) to induce bud set followed by a chilling period. Additionally, half the seedlings in each treatment received a foliar application of 444 uM benzylaminopurine (BAP). Seedlings that were allowed to set buds, followed by chilling, obtained the greatest height, but this treatment in combination with BAP reduced seedling height. BAP applied to seedlings grown continuously under long days stimulated height growth and prevented long dormant periods typical for non-chilled seedlings. Continuously grown, BAP-treated seedlings had 1.3 times larger root collar diameter, and 1.7 times more biomass, compared to other treatments. Root/shoot ratios for continuously grown, BAP-treated seedlings were comparable to intermittently chilled, non-BAP treated seedlings. These results suggest that either intermittent short days followed by chilling, or foliar BAP applications can be used to accelerate growth of containerized Fraser fir seedlings. However, the combination of chilling and BAP resulted in poorer development than either treatment alone.

scholarly journals Morphology and phenology in Picea abies seedlings in response to split short day treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Sundheim Fløistad ◽  
A Granhus
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Starting Date ◽  
Root Collar

Short-day (SD) treatment is used by forest nurseries to induce growth cessation in Picea abies seedlings. SD treatment may however increase the risk of reflushing in autumn and earlier bud break the following spring. We tested how different starting dates and durations of SD treatment influenced on morphological and phenological traits. Regardless of timing and duration of the SD treatment, height growth was reduced compared to the untreated controls. Seedlings given split SD (7+7 days interrupted with two weeks in long days) had less height growth than all other treatments. Root collar diameter growth was significantly less in control seedlings than in seedlings exposed to early (7 or 14 days) or split (7+7 days) SD treatment. There were also differences in the frequency of reflushing and bud break timing among the SD treated seedlings, dependent on duration and starting date. If the SD treatment started early, a continuous 14-day SD treatment was not sufficient to avoid high frequencies of reflushing. However, by splitting the SD treatment into two periods of 7+7 days these negative effects were largely avoided, although spring bud break occurred earlier than in the controls.

Effect of Logging Equipment Traffic On Soil Density and Growth and Survival of Young Loblolly Pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Graeme Lockaby ◽  
Clyde G. Vidrine
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Density Results

Abstract Soil bulk densities, determined on plots representing a gradient of harvesting traffic, indicated that compaction was an average of 12 percent greater on former logging decks and primary skid roads as compared to nontrafficked areas. Penetrometer readings supported the bulk density results and, in addition, showed increased compaction on secondary roads and road borders as compared to relatively undisturbed areas. This compaction was reflected in height growth reductions of 39 to 59 percent in five-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on decks and primary roads. Number of pine per acre was reduced by 88 to 91 percent on the same areas. Root collar diameters also decreased but were not significantly different from those on relatively undisturbed plots. These results are discussed in relation to the 1 percent proportion of the harvested area involved in soil property impacts and reduced tree growth.

scholarly journals Extending the Planting Period of Container Grown Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis L. Link.) Seedlings into Summer

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafer OLMEZ ◽  
Ergun SUNER
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oriental Spruce

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different planting time from June to October on survival, height growth and root collar diameter of the Picea orientalis L. Link. seedlings and to investigate how to extend the planting period in Artvin, Turkey. In general, autumn and spring plantings are the most preferable methods for the oriental spruce reforestations. The nursery where the oriental spruce seedlings were propagated is near the sea level while afforestation areas are between 1200 m and 1800 m altitudes, and there is not a cold storage possibility in the nursery to store seedlings until planting time. When the seedlings have bud burst in the nursery, there is snow on the reforestation sites in the spring season, and while the seedlings are growing actively in the nursery it can snow early on the plantation areas, causing planting difficulties. Thus, to overcome this issue, extending the planting period of the oriental spruce can be a solution in the region. To evaluate the possibilities to extend the planting period, the experiment was established using actively growing and dormant seedlings in 2007. The container seedlings were planted regularly at the end of June (cold stored and actively growing seedlings), July (actively growing), August (actively growing) and October (dormant). The statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications and 30 seedlings were planted for each replication. The height growth, root collar diameter and survival rate of the seedlings were defined during four growing seasons. The survival of actively growing seedlings planted at the end of July (84.4%) and August (91.1%) did not differ planting date from the end of October (92.2%) after the fourth growing period, in 2010. The seedlings which were planted at the end of June both cold stored (66.7%) and actively growing (70.0%) had the lowest survival rates. The highest seedling height (39.4 cm) was obtained from the seedlings planted at the end of August. The results showed that with actively growing seedlings, the planting period can be extended from late July to late August without increasing mortality.

scholarly journals Identification of Ideal Trial Sites and Wide Adaptable T. Aus Rice Genotypes Suitable for Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
M Khatun ◽  
MME Ahmed ◽  
MA Syed ◽  
F Akter ◽  
S Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Trial Site ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Discriminating Ability

GGE biplot study is an effective tool for many crops including rice to identify mega-environments, ideal trial site and suitable genotypes for general and specific adaptation. An attempt was made to find promising T. Aus rice genotypes having suitable grain quality, better agronomic parameters and ideal test location for T. Aus rice growing areas. In this study, a total of 11 promising genotypes along with two popular cultivars BR26 and BRRI dhan48 were tested across six locations; Cumilla, Gazipur, Rajshahi, Rangpur in T. Aus 2016 and 2017 whereas Habiganj and Kushtia only in T. Aus 2017 season. From GGE biplot study, BRRI RS, Rajshahi (E8) was the most discriminating and ideal location for evaluating T. Aus rice genotypes in Bangladesh condition while BRRI RS, Cumilla 2016 (E1) showed the least discriminating ability and the least representative location. From two years combination data, BR9011-19-1-2 (G6) recorded the highest average grain yield (5.11±0.68 t ha-1) but BR9011-46-2-2 (G2) was the most stable genotype having grain yield (4.97±0.62 t ha-1) and other stable genotypes with above average yield were BR9011-67-4-1 (G5), BR9011-34-3-2 (G1), BRRI dhan48 (G13), BR9039-28-3-2 (G9) and BR9039-9-1-3 (G8) indicated that these genotypes adapted to favourable environments. BR26 (G12) was found highly variable and less stable across the test environments. In addition, agronomic trait (plant height, growth duration) and grain quality traits were also considered for suitability and wider adaptation in T. Aus growing areas in Bangladesh. BR9011-46-2-2 (G2) and BR9011-19-1-2 (G6) were the better genotypes in most of the locations but, considering all of the parameters, the newly developed rice breeding line BR9011-67-4-1 (G5) has been identified as suitable genotype to release as a new variety for sustainable T. Aus rice production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 77-85

Height growth components in inter- and intra-provenance jack pine families

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Magnussen ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Sufficient Variation

Duration (D), rate of shoot elongation (RSE), number of stem units (NSU), and mean stem unit lengths (MSUL) of current year's (1987) leaders were analyzed in 18 jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) full-sib progenies from nine inter- and nine intra-provenance crosses. The parent material consisted of selected "plus" trees from Ontario, Quebec, Wisconsin, and Michigan provenances. The average within-family variance (phenotypic) of D was on the average 186 days or twice as large as the among-family variance of 90 days. Duration was positively correlated with the number of growing degree-days at the place of parental origin. Tree height and height growth of several crosses significantly exceeded a local check lot, and the provenance effects on heights were predominantly additive (but not the luxuriance of hybrids). In determining annual height growth, it was discovered that D and RSE were roughly equally important, but large differences in RSE were observed among families with almost equal growth duration. The superior height growth of two interprovenance families was attributed to higher growth rates rather than a longer growth period. Although NSU was more important than MSUL in determining final shoot length, a negative correlation between NSU and MSUL complicated the overall significance of NSU. It was concluded that jack pine had sufficient variation in the examined height growth components to facilitate genetic improvement in height growth without adverse effects on periodicity. The provenance hybrids produced sufficiently promising results and additional exploitable phenotypic variation to warrant continued hybridization efforts.

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