The Relationship between Pituitary Gland Dimensions, Thyroid Functions and Seizure Activity in Patients with Epilepsy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fettah Eren ◽  
◽  
Cihat Ozguncu ◽  
Ahmet Hakan Ekmekci ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals NR4A1 Knockdown Suppresses Seizure Activity by Regulating Surface Expression of NR2B

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanke Zhang ◽  
Guojun Chen ◽  
Baobing Gao ◽  
Yunlin Li ◽  
Shuli Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Group A ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily

Abstract Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), a downstream target of CREB that is a key regulator of epileptogenesis, has been implicated in a variety of biological processes and was previously identified as a seizure-associated molecule. However, the relationship between NR4A1 and epileptogenesis remains unclear. Here, we showed that NR4A1 protein was predominantly expressed in neurons and up-regulated in patients with epilepsy as well as pilocarpine-induced mouse epileptic models. NR4A1 knockdown by lentivirus transfection (lenti-shNR4A1) alleviated seizure severity and prolonged onset latency in mouse models. Moreover, reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation of NR4A1 and NR2B demonstrated their interaction. Furthermore, the expression of p-NR2B (Tyr1472) in epileptic mice and the expression of NR2B in the postsynaptic density (PSD) were significantly reduced in the lenti-shNR4A1 group, indicating that NR4A1 knockdown partly decreased surface NR2B by promoting NR2B internalization. These results are the first to indicate that the expression of NR4A1 in epileptic brain tissues may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy.

A double-blind investigation of the relationship between seizure activity and the sleep EEG following EEG biofeedback training

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Whitsett ◽  
J. F. Lubar ◽  
G. S. Holder ◽  
W. E. Pamplin ◽  
H. S. Shabsin
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Eeg Biofeedback ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Endocrine function and gland volume after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctional pituitary macroadenomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Harary ◽  
Aislyn C. DiRisio ◽  
Hassan Y. Dawood ◽  
John Kim ◽  
Nayan Lamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVELoss of pituitary function due to nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) may be due to compression of the pituitary gland. It has been proposed that the size of the gland and relative perioperative gland expansion may relate to recovery of pituitary function, but the extent of this is unclear. This study aims to assess temporal changes in hormonal function after transsphenoidal resection of NFPA and the relationship between gland reexpansion and endocrine recovery.METHODSPatients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery by a single surgeon for resection of a nonfunctional macroadenoma were selected for inclusion. Patients with prior pituitary surgery or radiosurgery were excluded. Patient characteristics and endocrine function were extracted by chart review. Volumetric segmentation of the pre- and postoperative (≥ 6 months) pituitary gland was performed using preoperative and long-term postoperative MR images. The relationship between endocrine function over time and clinical attributes, including gland volume, were examined.RESULTSOne hundred sixty eligible patients were identified, of whom 47.5% were female; 56.9% of patients had anterior pituitary hormone deficits preoperatively. The median tumor diameter and gland volume preoperatively were 22.5 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 18.0–28.8 mm) and 0.18 cm3 (IQR 0.13–0.28 cm3), respectively. In 55% of patients, endocrine function normalized or improved in their affected axes by median last clinical follow-up of 24.4 months (IQR 3.2–51.2 months). Older age, male sex, and larger tumor size were associated with likelihood of endocrine recovery. Median time to recovery of any axis was 12.2 months (IQR 2.5–23.9 months); hypothyroidism was the slowest axis to recover. Although the gland significantly reexpanded from preoperatively (0.18 cm3, IQR 0.13–0.28 cm3) to postoperatively (0.33 cm3, IQR 0.23–0.48 cm3; p < 0.001), there was no consistent association with improved endocrine function.CONCLUSIONSRecovery of endocrine function can occur several months and even years after surgery, with more than 50% of patients showing improved or normalized function. Tumor size, and not gland volume, was associated with preserved or recovered endocrine function.

The relationship between sexuality and temperament in patients with epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
V. G. Sosnina ◽  
D. M. Saraykin ◽  
L. V. Lipatova
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Structural Test ◽  
Social Plasticity ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: to study the relationship between sexuality and temperament in patients with epilepsy.Materials and methods. The study included 102 participants: 52 patients with epilepsy and 50 healthy individuals aged from 19 to 45 years. The psychological examination was based on the I-structural test of Ammon (ISTA), the Structure of temperament questionnaire (STQ) of Rusalov, and a clinical interview.Results. Using the correlation analysis we were able to reveal 9 correlations between the types of sexuality and the temperament characteristics in patients with epilepsy; in subjects of the control group – 4 correlations were found. Thus, in patients with epilepsy, constructive sexuality positively correlated with plasticity, social erginess, and pace, whereas in healthy subjects – with social erginess. In patients with epilepsy, destructive sexuality positively correlated with plasticity, social erginess, and social plasticity; in healthy subjects, destructive sexuality negatively correlated with social erginess. In patients with epilepsy, deficient sexuality negatively correlated with pace, plasticity, and social erginess, whereas in healthy subjects – with plasticity and social plasticity.Conclusion. The study shows that the sexuality in patients with epilepsy is more deterministic than that in the comparison group. In addition, all types of sexuality in these patients correlate with plasticity and social erginess, which suggests that patients with epilepsy can be satisfied with sexual relations, show flexibility and strive for diversity while being flexible and socially active. These correlations can be read vice versa, i.e., striving for diversity and social activity in patients with epilepsy is accompanied by satisfaction with their sexual relations and inclination to experiment. 

scholarly journals A Prospective Psychological Study of Patients with Undiagnosed Episodes of Disturbed Consciousness

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
L. D. Blumhardt ◽  
D. Barnes ◽  
S. J. Howell ◽  
E. Ghadiali
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Unexplained Symptoms ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Relationship

We have carried out a prospective psychological and clinical study of neurological out-patients with episodes of disturbed consciousness that were mostly unexplained after clinical assessments and prolonged follow up. When compared with matched healthy subjects, both the undiagnosed patients and a control group with chronic epilepsy, had evidence of abnormal personality and psychological disturbance. However, in the undiagnosed patients there were significant differences between two subgroups defined by the results of clinical follow up. Patients whose symptoms resolved spontaneously were psychologically indistinguishable from healthy control subjects, whereas patients whose unexplained symptoms continued, with or without empirical treatment trials, had highly abnormal personality profiles. Although the basic psychological tests we used cannot reliably separate individual patients with epilepsy from those with non-epilepsy, they do have some predictive value with respect to the prognosis of unexplained symptoms. Further detailed prospective studies may help to establish the relationship between psychological disorder and unexplained symptoms and perhaps reduce the need for repeated, expensive investigations.

scholarly journals Cross-scale effects of neural interactions during human neocortical seizure activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (40) ◽  
pp. 10761-10766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahra L. Eissa ◽  
Koen Dijkstra ◽  
Christoph Brune ◽  
Ronald G. Emerson ◽  
Michel J. A. M. van Putten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Correlation Effect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Neural Interactions ◽  
Neocortical Network ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Feedforward Inhibition

Small-scale neuronal networks may impose widespread effects on large network dynamics. To unravel this relationship, we analyzed eight multiscale recordings of spontaneous seizures from four patients with epilepsy. During seizures, multiunit spike activity organizes into a submillimeter-sized wavefront, and this activity correlates significantly with low-frequency rhythms from electrocorticographic recordings across a 10-cm-sized neocortical network. Notably, this correlation effect is specific to the ictal wavefront and is absent interictally or from action potential activity outside the wavefront territory. To examine the multiscale interactions, we created a model using a multiscale, nonlinear system and found evidence for a dual role for feedforward inhibition in seizures: while inhibition at the wavefront fails, allowing seizure propagation, feedforward inhibition of the surrounding centimeter-scale networks is activated via long-range excitatory connections. Bifurcation analysis revealed that distinct dynamical pathways for seizure termination depend on the surrounding inhibition strength. Using our model, we found that the mesoscopic, local wavefront acts as the forcing term of the ictal process, while the macroscopic, centimeter-sized network modulates the oscillatory seizure activity.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Stem Cell Research of the Pituitary Gland and Pituitary Adenoma

Endocrines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Masataro Toda ◽  
Ryota Tamura ◽  
Masahiro Toda
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
The Relationship

Regenerative medicine and anti-tumoral therapy have been developed through understanding tissue stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The concept of tissue stem cells has been applied to the pituitary gland (PG). Recently, PG stem cells (PGSCs) were successfully differentiated from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, showing an in vivo therapeutic effect in a hypopituitary model. Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common intracranial neoplasms that are generally benign, but treatment resistance remains a major concern. The concept of CSCs applies to PA stem cells (PASCs). Genetic alterations in human PGSCs result in PASC development, leading to treatment-resistant PAs. To determine an efficient treatment against refractory PAs, it is of paramount importance to understand the relationship between PGSCs, PASCs and PAs. The goal of this review is to discuss several new findings about PGSCs and the roles of PASCs in PA tumorigenesis.

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