scholarly journals Fortuna Forest Reserve, Panama: Interacting Effects of Climate and Soils on the Biota of a Wet Premontane Tropical Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Dalling ◽  
Benjamin L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Infertile Soils ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes

The Fortuna Forest Reserve and adjacent upland areas of the Palo Seco Reserve in western Panama support some of the most extensively studied lower and premontane tropical forests in the world. The forests of Fortuna are among the most diverse in Central America and are therefore of exceptional significance for the preservation of regional biodiversity. This volume brings together more than 50 years of research on the climate, geology, soils, and major plant groups of Fortuna. Spanning the Continental Divide at around 1,000 m above sea level, some parts of the reserve receive more than 6,000 mm of annual rainfall, although there is considerable variation in cloud cover and seasonality. Soil fertility also varies markedly, reflecting the complex regional volcanic geology. The resulting gradients of climate and fertility across the reserve shape the composition, structure, and diversity of plant communities. A network of 12 one-hectare plots at Fortuna contains more than 400 species of trees greater than 5 cm diameter at breast height and reveals extensive compositional turnover across the reserve. One tree species, <i>Oreomunnea mexicana</i>, forms monodominant stands in otherwise species-rich forests, while forests on extremely infertile soils are dominated by the canopy palm <i>Colpothrinax aphanopetala</i> and include the tropical conifer <i>Podocarpus oleifolius</i>. There are also almost 400 species of bryophytes, almost 300 species of ferns and lycophytes, 31 species of palms, 80 species of bromeliads, and more than 200 species of orchids. Many species of ectomycorrhizal fungi identified from fruiting bodies are new to science. Overall, results from Fortuna highlight the remarkable diversity of plants that occur in montane forests and the extent to which their communities are structured by gradients of climate and soil fertility. The chapters in this volume provide a foundation for further research and exploration in this fascinating region.

scholarly journals Fortuna Forest Reserve, Panama: Interacting Effects of Climate and Soils on the Biota of a Wet Premontane Tropical Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Dalling ◽  
Benjamin L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Infertile Soils ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes

The Fortuna Forest Reserve and adjacent upland areas of the Palo Seco Reserve in western Panama support some of the most extensively studied lower and premontane tropical forests in the world. The forests of Fortuna are among the most diverse in Central America and are therefore of exceptional significance for the preservation of regional biodiversity. This volume brings together more than 50 years of research on the climate, geology, soils, and major plant groups of Fortuna. Spanning the Continental Divide at around 1,000 m above sea level, some parts of the reserve receive more than 6,000 mm of annual rainfall, although there is considerable variation in cloud cover and seasonality. Soil fertility also varies markedly, reflecting the complex regional volcanic geology. The resulting gradients of climate and fertility across the reserve shape the composition, structure, and diversity of plant communities. A network of 12 one-hectare plots at Fortuna contains more than 400 species of trees greater than 5 cm diameter at breast height and reveals extensive compositional turnover across the reserve. One tree species, <i>Oreomunnea mexicana</i>, forms monodominant stands in otherwise species-rich forests, while forests on extremely infertile soils are dominated by the canopy palm <i>Colpothrinax aphanopetala</i> and include the tropical conifer <i>Podocarpus oleifolius</i>. There are also almost 400 species of bryophytes, almost 300 species of ferns and lycophytes, 31 species of palms, 80 species of bromeliads, and more than 200 species of orchids. Many species of ectomycorrhizal fungi identified from fruiting bodies are new to science. Overall, results from Fortuna highlight the remarkable diversity of plants that occur in montane forests and the extent to which their communities are structured by gradients of climate and soil fertility. The chapters in this volume provide a foundation for further research and exploration in this fascinating region.

Seedling performance of four sympatric Entandrophragma species (Meliaceae) under simulated fertility and moisture regimes of a Central African rain forest

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson S. Hall ◽  
P. Mark. S. Ashton ◽  
Graeme P. Berlyn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Microsite Heterogeneity ◽  
Species Performance ◽  
Infertile Soils

Relative densities of mahogany species vary across tropical Africa and correspond with changes in soil fertility and moisture status. Seedling growth of four co-occurring African mahoganies (Entandrophragma spp.) was studied in relation to soil nutrient and moisture status in a shade-house experiment. On naturally occurring forest soils, E. cylindricum and E. utile exhibited increased relative growth rate (RGR) and decreased root mass ratio (RMR) with an increase in soil fertility while E. angolense and E. candollei did not. Changes in leaf morphology with fertility did not correspond to changes in species performance. On moist, fertile soils, E. angolense outperformed congeners but E. candollei performed equally well on moist infertile soils. Entandrophragma cylindricum performed as well as E. angolense and E. candollei on two of three soil moisture stress treatments but E. utile consistently performed poorly. Comparative seedling performance fitted well with limited available data on the distribution of Entandrophragma spp. in relation to soil fertility and moisture gradients and suggests that within-forest microsite heterogeneity may help explain the distribution of Entandrophragma species within the Dzanga-Sangha Dense Forest Reserve, Central African Republic.

Impacts of land‐use changes on soil fertility in Okomu Forest Reserve, Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glory O. Enaruvbe ◽  
Afolabi O. Osewole ◽  
Ozien P. Mamudu ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo‐Comino
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Southern Nigeria

scholarly journals Geospatial Assessment of Carbon Sequestration in Oluwa Forest, South-West Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-202
Author(s):  
E. O. Makinde ◽  
M. O. Ogundeko ◽  
A. A. Womiloju
Keyword(s):  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Strata ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Supervised Image Classification ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

The potential of the forest as a natural sink is vast and enormous and has been well documented in several types of research and reports. This project is an attempt at re-emphasizing this potential, by using geospatial technology, to quantify the amount of carbon sequestered by the Oluwa Forest Reserve. Remote sensing methods, specifically supervised image classification augmented with field data, were employed. Landsat imageries of 1984, 1991, 2002, 2010 and 2015 were obtained and the maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm was used in obtaining the landuse/land cover information for those years. From this, the trend in the landuse was monitored and ascertained. The study revealed two distinct tree species, and subsequently, four forest strata were established. The heights and diameters at breast height of the trees from ten randomly selected 20 m × 20 m sample points, were measured. The allometric equation of Brown (1989, 1997) was used in estimating the above ground and belowground biomass while the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) was obtained from the laboratory test on the soil samples, taken at 0 –15 cm, and 15 – 30 cm from the ten sample points using the Walkey Black method. The total above and belowground biomass was obtained to be 162,826.343 Mg/ha and 32,565.269 Mg/ha respectively while the total SOC was 5.7971 Mg/ha. The total carbon sequestered by the forest was estimated to be 358.565 Mg Ca. A multiple regression analysis was carried out and an adjusted r-squared value of 0.9809 with an ftest significance of -0.000000401 was obtained. This is to find the correlation between the biomass and the dbh, diameter at breast height and the tree heights, h.

scholarly journals Scientific bases of the humus stabilization in ordinary chernozem in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Oleg Goryanin ◽  
Anatoly Chichkin ◽  
Baurzhan Dzhangabaev ◽  
Elena Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Middle Volga Region

<p>The influence of long-term use of mineral and organic fertilizers, crop rotations, plant residues, soil treatment systems on humus content of common chernozems and stabilization of productivity of field crops in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region is considered on the example of researches in the Samara area. The zone climate of field experiments is characterized as extremely continental. The sum of the active temperatures (above 10°C) is 2,800-3,000°C. The average annual rainfall is 454.1 mm with fluctuations over the years from 187.5 mm to 704.6 mm. At some years, precipitation does not happen within a month or more. Hydrothermal index in May-August is 0,7, the duration of the frost-free period is 149 days. If the humus content in the region is 4.35-4.52%, then, it is necessary to introduce 6.7-8.0 t/ha of manure per year to maintain the balance of the deficit. The introduction of biological methods for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility (green fertilizers, perennial grasses, straw as fertilizer) reduces the loss of humus by 0.15-0.24 t/ha. This makes it possible to increase the payback of mineral fertilizers, which must be taken into account when developing fertility reproduction systems for soils. In the variants with minimal and differentiated cultivation of the soil during crop rotation in 30 years of the study, the loss of humus in the 0-30 cm layer decreased by 0.04 - 0.73% (43-789 kg per year with maximum values in the combination of direct seeding of spring crops with deep loosening for a number of crop rotations is 4.14%, significantly exceeding the control (by 0.54%). The decrease in soil fertility in the variants with constant plowing and minimal tillage contributed to an increase in the conjugation of productivity of crops with humus. Based on the research, in order to preserve the fertility of the soil of ordinary chernozem, it is necessary to use green fertilizer, leguminous perennial grasses. In the regional rotations of crop production, new generation technologies are recommended, the basis of which is differentiated tillage with the use of crushed straw as fertilizer.</p>

Correlations between environmental factors, the biomass of exotic annual grasses and the frequency of native perennial grasses

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja I. Lenz ◽  
José M. Facelli
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Exotic Annual Grasses ◽  
Native Perennial Grass

The species composition of temperate grasslands in the mid-north of South Australia has been radically altered from a system dominated by native perennial grasses to a system dominated by Mediterranean annual grasses. This study investigated the importance of chemical and physical soil characteristics, topographical features and climatic variables on the abundance of native and exotic grass species in nine ungrazed grasslands. Overall, climatic and other abiotic factors were highly variable. In addition, past management practices and original species composition are generally unknown, leading to further unexplained variation in the data. On a large spatial scale (among sites), the abundance of exotic annual grasses was positively correlated with mean annual rainfall, and on any scale, with finer soil textures and higher soil organic carbon levels. The most abundant annual grass, Avena barbata (Pott ex Link), was generally associated with soil factors denoting higher soil fertility. The abundance of native perennial grass species was not correlated with any environmental variables at any scale. The various native perennial grass species did not show clear associations with soil factors, although they tended to be associated with factors denoting lower soil fertility. However, at small spatial scales (within some sites) and among sites, the abundances of exotic annual and native perennial grasses were strongly negatively correlated. The results suggest that at the present time, rainfall and soil properties are important variables determining the abundance of annual grasses. The driving variables for the abundance of perennial grasses are less clear. They may be controlled by other factors or extreme rainfall events, which were not surveyed. In addition, they are likely to be controlled by competitive interactions with the annual grasses.

scholarly journals Angiosperms, Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz, Mexico

Check List ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez ◽  
Jacob C. Dunn ◽  
Julieta Benítez-Malvido ◽  
Salvador Mandujano
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Los Tuxtlas ◽  
Check List ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
Different Levels

The Los Tuxtlas Reserve has been heavily deforested and fragmented since the 1970’s. Although the flora of Los Tuxtlas has been described previously, most floristic lists come from the large forest reserve of the Los Tuxtlas field station. Here we present a check list of Angiosperms recorded in 45 rainforest fragments (< 1 to 266 ha) located in three landscapes with different levels of deforestation. We sampled all trees, shrubs, lianas, palms and herbs with diameter at breast height (dbh) Ā 2.5 cm within ten 50 m x 2 m plots per fragment. We recorded 9,435 plants belonging to 73 families and 372 species. Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Moraceae were best represented. Eight species are classified as Endangered by the Mexican government, and five are human-introduced species. We conclude that the conservation and restoration of all the remaining rainforest fragments are necessary to effectively preserve the plant diversity of this region.

scholarly journals Coefficients de distribution de la régénération, cinq ans après des coupes avec protection des petites tiges marchandes appliquées dans des sapinières et des pessières noires du Québec

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (05) ◽  
pp. 669-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Riopel ◽  
Jean Bégin ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Heavy Equipment

For certain mature forests dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) or black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP), it may be preferable to harvest trees with diameter at breast height greater than 15 cm while conserving smaller ones. This treatment, called harvesting with protection of small merchantable trees, produces strips, where partial cutting is applied, alternating with corridors, which are disturbed by heavy equipment during harvesting. This project studied stocking levels five years after treatment on 4896 sub-plots of 4 m2 in 22 blocks. Stocking coefficients (SC) for coniferous and deciduous species were modeled in order to identify variables affecting stocking. The strips had well-distributed coniferous regeneration, while SC in the corridors were more variable and lower, occasionally less than 60%. Black spruce-dominated sites were not as well stocked as balsam fir-dominated sites. Stocking levels of protected coniferous merchantable trees positively influence coniferous and deciduous SC in the corridors. The presence of coniferous species is also affected by harvest season and total annual rainfall. Alternative silvicultural treatments applicable in certain corridors are presented.

scholarly journals Unexplained Relationships of Height-Diameter of Three Tree Species in a Tropical Forest.

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Tree Distance ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Bivariate Models

Associations between bivariate variables relative to the unexplained relationships of height-Dbh (diameter at breast height) models were investigated. Seven permanent sample plots measuring 40m by 250m at Omo Forest Reserve were used to assess the relationships between height and diameter at breast height of three tree species as affected by the variables of neighbouring trees. The result showed differences in the coefficient of determination of the bivariate models and multivariate models. The models arrived at for each of the species and for the bivariate models are: Scottelia coriaceae: Ht = 2.59 + 0.473D+ 0.0012D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤100cm (R2 = 0.70) Sterculia rhinopetala: Ht = 5.96 + 0.467D+ 0.00296D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤100cm (R2 = 0.77) Strombosia pustulata: Ht = 2.02 + 0.722D+ 0.00581D2 for 5cm ≤ D ≤ 60cm (R2 = 0.81) Where both Ht and D are height and Diameter at breast height. While on the other hand the multivariate models that considered the effect of neighbouring trees are: Scottelia coriaceae: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 3.74 + 0.41x −1.14x + 0.205x +1.278x (R = 0.723) Sterculia rhnopetala: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 6.18 + 0.2601x +1.163x + 0.438x − 0.442x (R = 0.608) Strombosia pustalata: 2 1 2 3 4 Ht = 6.84 + 0.399x − 0.318x − 0.138x − 0.838x (R = 0.650) x1 = diameter at breast height, x2 = Mean neighbouring tree distance, x3 = Frequency of the neighbouring tree and x4 = Position of the crown.

scholarly journals Fitting Linear and Non Linear Growth Models for Selected Plantations in Omo Forest Reserve Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
E. T. Adedeji ◽  
A. S. Akinbowale ◽  
O. A. Akinbode
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Nauclea Diderrichii ◽  
The Relationship

This study was conducted to assess the suitability of forest models in Tectona grandis, Pinus caribaea and Nauclea diderrichii stands at Omo forest reserve, Ijebu East, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Temporary sample plots of equal size (25 m x 25 m) were laid while complete enumeration were carried out in each sampled plot and tree growth variables such as diameter at breast height (dbh), diameter at the top (dt), diameter at the middle (dm) and diameter at the base (db) as well as total height of all trees were measured. Simple linear models and six non linear models were developed and assessed for the selected plantation. The linear model developed _ R-squared ranged from 77% to 93%. The least R- square was obtained in Tectona grandis plantation and the highest was obtained in 93% Pinus caribaea. All the models have high F values ranging from 234.71 to 2965.40. In Tectona grandis plantation, Logistic power model, gave a good fit in describing the relationship between diameter at breast height and volume with AICC values of -2368.92, 0.22 each. The Sigmond models that gave a good fit in describing the relationship between the diameter at breast height and volume in Pinus caribaea were Weibull model (-719.19, 0.09) while Gompertz relation is the best for Nauclea diderrichii, respectively. The various models generated in the study are highly recommended for use in estimating the growth characteristics of the plantation in the future.

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