scholarly journals Stemming the Tide: Global Strategies for Sustaining Cultural Heritage through Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rushfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
American Art ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Museums And Collections ◽  
Global Strategies

Climate change has become one of the most significant and fastest growing threats to cultural heritage around the globe. Yet cultural heritage sites and collections also serve as invaluable sources of resilience for communities to address climate change. In March 2020, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Smithsonian’s National Collections Program convened the symposium “Stemming the Tide: Global Strategies for Sustaining Cultural Heritage through Climate Change” to empower cultural heritage authorities, managers, and advocates to pursue more ambitious engagement and collaborative approaches to climate change. Speakers explored six categories of cultural heritage identified by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS): Cultural Landscapes and Historic Urban Landscapes, Archaeological Sites, Built Heritage (Buildings and Structures), Cultural Communities, Intangible Cultural Heritage, and Museums and Collections. <div><br></div><div>Contributors: Jean Carroon, Antonietta Catanzariti, Carl Elefante, Nicole Heller, Victoria Herrmann, Amber Kerr, Ken Kimmell, Adam Markham, Henry McGhie, Jenny Newell, Isabel C. Rivera-Collazo, Erin Seekamp, Sarah Sutton, Alison Tickell, William G. Tompkins, Meredith Wiggins, Ashley Robbins Wilson, Janene Yazzie</div>

scholarly journals Stemming the Tide: Global Strategies for Sustaining Cultural Heritage through Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rushfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
American Art ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Museums And Collections ◽  
Global Strategies

Climate change has become one of the most significant and fastest growing threats to cultural heritage around the globe. Yet cultural heritage sites and collections also serve as invaluable sources of resilience for communities to address climate change. In March 2020, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Smithsonian’s National Collections Program convened the symposium “Stemming the Tide: Global Strategies for Sustaining Cultural Heritage through Climate Change” to empower cultural heritage authorities, managers, and advocates to pursue more ambitious engagement and collaborative approaches to climate change. Speakers explored six categories of cultural heritage identified by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS): Cultural Landscapes and Historic Urban Landscapes, Archaeological Sites, Built Heritage (Buildings and Structures), Cultural Communities, Intangible Cultural Heritage, and Museums and Collections. <div><br></div><div>Contributors: Jean Carroon, Antonietta Catanzariti, Carl Elefante, Nicole Heller, Victoria Herrmann, Amber Kerr, Ken Kimmell, Adam Markham, Henry McGhie, Jenny Newell, Isabel C. Rivera-Collazo, Erin Seekamp, Sarah Sutton, Alison Tickell, William G. Tompkins, Meredith Wiggins, Ashley Robbins Wilson, Janene Yazzie</div>

scholarly journals Up-To-Date Challenges for the Conservation, Rehabilitation and Energy Retrofitting of Higher Education Cultural Heritage Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Dias Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Tavares ◽  
Nelson Soares
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
The Impact

In higher-education world heritage sites, the conservation and energy retrofitting of heritage buildings (HBs) is an important vector for their development, competitiveness and welfare. To guarantee their ongoing use, these buildings must be adapted to face current and emerging societal challenges: (i) the conservation of cultural heritage and the maintenance of their original characteristics and identity; (ii) the transformation of heritage sites into tourist centers that energize the local economy, generating revenue and jobs; (iii) the adaptation of the buildings to new uses and functions that demand energy retrofitting strategies to satisfy today’s standards of thermal comfort, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy efficiency; (iv) tackling impacts of climate change, particularly global warming and extreme weather events; and finally, (v) the implementation of strategies to mitigate the impact of a growing number of tourists. The combined implications of these challenges require a comprehensive approach with interrelated measures strongly reliant on the use of technology and innovation. This work aims to discuss how higher-education cultural HBs can be rethought to serve these expectations. Moreover, a multidisciplinary intervention framework is provided to discuss how HBs can respond to the challenges and risks of rehabilitation, energy retrofitting, climate change and increasing tourism.

scholarly journals Review of Potential Risks Factors to Cultural Heritage Sites and Initial Modelling for Adaptation to Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Carroll ◽  
Eeva Aarrevaara
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Numeric Scale

There is a range of local weather and climate-related factors that contribute to the degradation of cultural heritage buildings, structures and sites over time. Some of these factors are influenced by changes in climate and some of these changes manifest themselves though a speeding up of the rate of degradation. It is the intention of this paper to review this situation with special reference to the Nordic Countries, where typical trends resulting from climate change are shorter winters and increased precipitation all year round. An attempt is made to initially draw up a classification of materials and structures relevant to cultural heritage that are affected, with a proposed numeric scale for the urgency to act. The intention is to provide information on where best to concentrate cultural heritage site preservation resources in the future.

Omnidirectional Strategies for Exploring Ancient Cities and Territories

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-206
Author(s):  
Sarah Kenderdine
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Geographic Information Science ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Embodied Interaction ◽  
Spatial Turn ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
New Approaches

By focusing on technologies of virtual reality in conjunction with theories of “place” and “presence,” this chapter outlines the importance of new approaches to the museological experience and exploration of ancient cities and cultural heritage sites. Exploring fresh approaches to telling historic narratives through embodied interaction, this discussion proceeds to explore post-cartographic and “deep mapping” representations of cultural landscapes through omnidirectional virtual reality. Bodily engagements with virtually rendered places as a form of corporeal cartography references not only the changing nature of the concept of place but also the rise of contemporary post-cartographic frameworks for considering how the act of mapping actively engages with place. The “spatial turn” within the humanities demands that we extend our conceptions of mapping and cartography beyond the positive epistemologies of geographic information science and this chapter explores a series of frameworks for new explorations.

scholarly journals Economic and Societal Impacts on Cultural Heritage Sites, Resulting from Natural Effects and Climate Change

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Alexandrakis ◽  
Constantine Manasakis ◽  
Nikolaos A. Kampanis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Market Benefits

The demand for a new concept of heritage, in which monuments and landscapes are considered active factors in creating a sense of history, is esteemed not only from a scientific and academic perspective, but as well as part of a more sensitive and efficient strategy to link cultural heritage and tourism, by bringing an integrative perspective to the forefront. Implementing such strategies is strictly correlated with the ability to support decision-makers and to increase people’s awareness towards a more comprehensive approach to heritage preservation. In the present work, a robust socioeconomic impact model is presented. Moreover, this work attempts to create an initial link between the economic impacts and natural hazards induced by the changes in the climatic conditions that cultural heritage sites face. The model’s novel socioeconomic impact analysis is the direct and indirect revenues related to the tourism use of a site, on which local economies are strongly correlated. The analysis indicated that cultural heritage sites provide a range of both market and non-market benefits to society. These benefits provide opportunities for policy interventions for the conservation of the cultural heritage sites and their promotion, but also to their protection against the impacts of climate change and natural disasters.

scholarly journals The role of specially protected natural ar as in the formation of Saint Petersburg cultural landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
G. Isachenko ◽  
T. Isachenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Almost All

The network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of Saint Petersburg in 2020 included 8 nature reserves and 7 natural monuments of the regional level, with a total area of 6143 ha, or 4.3% of the city's territory. Almost all urban protected areas bear traces of anthropogenic impacts of various ages, and therefore their landscapes can be considered as cultural. Many historical and cultural monuments of the XVIII–XX centuries are preserved within the protected areas of Saint Petersburg. The article considers SPNA of Saint Petersburg: 1) as landscapes that preserve the results of human activity of different ages, including cultural heritage sites; 2) as emerging special cultural landscapes of the metropolis. The article analyzes the contribution of human activity to modern landscapes of SPNA and describes the associative value of cultural landscapes. The difficulties of creating new protected areas and contradictions between the tasks of preserving natural and cultural heritage in the management of SPNA are discussed. It is proved that the protected areas of Saint Petersburg are becoming more and more famous not only as places of "traditional" short-term recreation, but also as locations for new types of activity, including walks on ecological trails. The increasing popularity of protected areas is evidenced by the frequency of their mentions at the Internet.

scholarly journals Dealing with multiple hazards and threats on cultural heritage sites: an assessment of 80 case studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Bosher ◽  
Dowon Kim ◽  
Takeyuki Okubo ◽  
Ksenia Chmutina ◽  
Rohit Jigyasu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Threat Mitigation ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Purpose Cultural heritage (CH) sites are not only important components of a country’s identity but can also be important drivers of tourism. However, an increasing number of extreme events associated with the impacts of climate change, natural hazards and human-induced threats are posing significant problems in conserving and managing CH worldwide. Consequently, improved climate change adaptation and enhanced hazard/threat mitigation strategies have become critical (but to-date under-researched) considerations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key hazards and threats to CH sites, the most common types of risks to CH and the strategies being adopted to mitigate or even eradicate those risks. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews 80 CH case studies from around the world, which have been presented at a UNESCO International Training Course between 2006 and 2016. The case studies cover 45 different countries and provide practical insights into the key challenges being encountered in a variety of “at risk” locations. Findings The analysis assesses the key natural hazards and human-induced threats to the sites, an overview of the typical impacts to the tangible components of heritage and identifies the types of strategies being adopted to mitigate the risks, some of which could be transferred across cultural and geographical contexts. Originality/value The paper provides a wealth of useful information related to how challenges faced by CH sites might be addressed in the future.

scholarly journals COSMO-SkyMed SAR for Detection and Monitoring of Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deodato Tapete ◽  
Francesca Cigna
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Sar Imagery

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery has long been used in archaeology since the earliest space radar missions in the 1980s. In the current scenario of SAR missions, the Italian Space Agency (ASI)’s COnstellation of small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation (COSMO-SkyMed) has peculiar properties that make this mission of potential use by archaeologists and heritage practitioners: high to very high spatial resolution, site revisit of up to one day, and conspicuous image archives over cultural heritage sites across the globe. While recent literature and the number of research projects using COSMO-SkyMed data for science and applied research suggest a growing interest in these data, it is felt that COSMO-SkyMed still needs to be further disseminated across the archaeological remote sensing community. This paper therefore offers a portfolio of use-cases that were developed in the last two years in the Scientific Research Unit of ASI, where COSMO-SkyMed data were analysed to study and monitor cultural landscapes and heritage sites. SAR-based applications in archaeological and cultural heritage sites in Peru, Syria, Italy, and Iraq, provide evidence on how subsurface and buried features can be detected by interpreting SAR backscatter, its spatial and temporal changes, and interferometric coherence, and how SAR-derived digital elevation models (DEM) can be used to survey surface archaeological features. The use-cases also showcase how high temporal revisit SAR time series can support environmental monitoring of land surface processes, and condition assessment of archaeological heritage and landscape disturbance due to anthropogenic impact (e.g., agriculture, mining, looting). For the first time, this paper provides an overview of the capabilities of COSMO-SkyMed imagery in StripMap Himage and Spotlight-2 mode to support archaeological studies, with the aim to encourage remote sensing scientists and archaeologists to search for and exploit these data for their investigations and research activities. Furthermore, some considerations are made with regard to the perspectives opened by the upcoming launch of ASI’s COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation constellation.

scholarly journals Mitigating Climate Change in the Cultural Built Heritage Sector

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sesana ◽  
Chiara Bertolin ◽  
Alexandre Gagnon ◽  
John Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Change Mitigation

Climate change mitigation targets have put pressure to reduce the carbon footprint of cultural heritage buildings. Commonly adopted measures to decrease the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of historical buildings are targeted at improving their energy efficiency through insulating the building envelope, and upgrading their heating, cooling and lighting systems. However, there are complex issues that arise when mitigating climate change in the cultural built heritage sector. For instance, preserving the authenticity of heritage buildings, maintaining their traditional passive behaviours, and choosing adaptive solutions compatible with the characteristics of heritage materials to avoid an acceleration of decay processes. It is thus important to understand what the enablers, or the barriers, are to reduce the carbon footprint of cultural heritage buildings to meet climate change mitigation targets. This paper investigates how climate change mitigation is considered in the management and preservation of the built heritage through semi-structured interviews with cultural heritage experts from the UK, Italy and Norway. Best-practice approaches for the refurbishment of historical buildings with the aim of decreasing their energy consumption are presented, as perceived by the interviewees, as well as the identification of the enablers and barriers in mitigating climate change in the cultural built heritage sector. The findings emphasise that adapting the cultural built heritage to reduce GHG emissions is challenging, but possible if strong and concerted action involving research and government can be undertaken to overcome the barriers identified in this paper.

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