scholarly journals Economic and Societal Impacts on Cultural Heritage Sites, Resulting from Natural Effects and Climate Change

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Alexandrakis ◽  
Constantine Manasakis ◽  
Nikolaos A. Kampanis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Market Benefits

The demand for a new concept of heritage, in which monuments and landscapes are considered active factors in creating a sense of history, is esteemed not only from a scientific and academic perspective, but as well as part of a more sensitive and efficient strategy to link cultural heritage and tourism, by bringing an integrative perspective to the forefront. Implementing such strategies is strictly correlated with the ability to support decision-makers and to increase people’s awareness towards a more comprehensive approach to heritage preservation. In the present work, a robust socioeconomic impact model is presented. Moreover, this work attempts to create an initial link between the economic impacts and natural hazards induced by the changes in the climatic conditions that cultural heritage sites face. The model’s novel socioeconomic impact analysis is the direct and indirect revenues related to the tourism use of a site, on which local economies are strongly correlated. The analysis indicated that cultural heritage sites provide a range of both market and non-market benefits to society. These benefits provide opportunities for policy interventions for the conservation of the cultural heritage sites and their promotion, but also to their protection against the impacts of climate change and natural disasters.

A risk-reduction framework for urban cultural heritage: a comparative study on Italian historic centres

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Giuliani ◽  
Rosa Grazia De Paoli ◽  
Enrica Di Miceli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
A Site ◽  
Key Resources

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present and validate a large-scale methodology for risk assessment and management in cultural heritage sites, taking into account their specific tangible or intangible values. Emphasis is given to historic centres that are key resources in building resilience to disasters but are also highly vulnerable due to several factors, such as the characteristics of the built environment, the community and social life, the lack of risk awareness and maintenance and finally the poor regulatory framework for their management and valorisation.Design/methodology/approachThe multi-step procedure starts from the assessment of the attributes of cultural heritage in order to identify priorities and address the analysis. Then, it evaluates the primary and secondary hazards in the area, the vulnerabilities and threats of the site and the impacts of the chain of events. Finally, it allows for calibrating a site-specific set of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery measures.FindingsThe application to two case studies in the Italian peninsula, the historic centres of San Gimignano and Reggio Calabria, allows for identifying research gaps and practical opportunities towards the adoption of common guidelines for the selection of safety measures.Originality/valueBy providing a qualitative assessment of risks, the research points out the potentialities of the methodology in the disaster risk management of cultural heritage due to its capacity to be comprehensive and inclusive towards disciplines and professionals.

Cultural Sites Between Nationhood and Mankind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Casini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
A Site

The chapter explores the legal regime that currently addresses cultural heritage sites. It analyzes the complex relationships between local, national, and universal community interests in cultural heritage sites, and how law can address such relationships, by focusing on the regime that is based on the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention (WHC). The WHC is a system of complex interactions between state and global authorities, where states choose to bring in international regulators, but then find themselves having ceded significant regulatory authority to the latter who invoke community interests. Once a site is added to the WHC list, the interests at stake transcend national borders and an international arena has been established: This will allow foreign actors—or even domestic actors who do not share local or national communities—to monitor and to act against states’ policies that may affect the preservation of cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Dealing with multiple hazards and threats on cultural heritage sites: an assessment of 80 case studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Bosher ◽  
Dowon Kim ◽  
Takeyuki Okubo ◽  
Ksenia Chmutina ◽  
Rohit Jigyasu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Threat Mitigation ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Purpose Cultural heritage (CH) sites are not only important components of a country’s identity but can also be important drivers of tourism. However, an increasing number of extreme events associated with the impacts of climate change, natural hazards and human-induced threats are posing significant problems in conserving and managing CH worldwide. Consequently, improved climate change adaptation and enhanced hazard/threat mitigation strategies have become critical (but to-date under-researched) considerations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key hazards and threats to CH sites, the most common types of risks to CH and the strategies being adopted to mitigate or even eradicate those risks. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews 80 CH case studies from around the world, which have been presented at a UNESCO International Training Course between 2006 and 2016. The case studies cover 45 different countries and provide practical insights into the key challenges being encountered in a variety of “at risk” locations. Findings The analysis assesses the key natural hazards and human-induced threats to the sites, an overview of the typical impacts to the tangible components of heritage and identifies the types of strategies being adopted to mitigate the risks, some of which could be transferred across cultural and geographical contexts. Originality/value The paper provides a wealth of useful information related to how challenges faced by CH sites might be addressed in the future.

scholarly journals Combining InfraRed Thermography and UAV Digital Photogrammetry for the Protection and Conservation of Rupestrian Cultural Heritage Sites in Georgia: A Methodological Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Frodella ◽  
Mikheil Elashvili ◽  
Daniele Spizzichino ◽  
Giovanni Gigli ◽  
Luka Adikashvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
A Site ◽  
Sustainable Mitigation

The rock-cut city of Vardzia is an example of the extraordinary rupestrian cultural heritage of Georgia. The site, Byzantine in age, was carved in the steep tuff slopes of the Erusheti mountains, and due to its peculiar geological characteristics, it is particularly vulnerable to weathering and degradation, as well as frequent instability phenomena. These problems determine serious constraints on the future conservation of the site, as well as the safety of the visitors. This paper focuses on the implementation of a site-specific methodology, based on the integration of advanced remote sensing techniques, such as InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based Digital Photogrammetry (DP), with traditional field surveys and laboratory analyses, with the aim of mapping the potential criticality of the rupestrian complex on a slope scale. The adopted methodology proved to be a useful tool for the detection of areas of weathering and degradation on the tuff cliffs, such as moisture and seepage sectors related to the ephemeral drainage network of the slope. These insights provided valuable support for the design and implementation of sustainable mitigation works, to be profitably used in the management plan of the site of Vardzia, and can be used for the protection and conservation of rupestrian cultural heritage sites characterized by similar geological contexts.

scholarly journals Indicators for Cultural and Creative Industries’ Impact Assessment on Cultural Heritage and Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7732
Author(s):  
Daniela Angelina Jelinčić
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries ◽  
Desk Research ◽  
Development Practice ◽  
Project Level

Cultural heritage is an important factor in ensuring regional development. Practice has demonstrated that first sustainability of heritage sites needs to be ensured and tourism they generate should also be re-visited as current over-tourism models are unsustainable. The assumption is that cultural/creative industries (CCI) can be a powerful tool for heritage livability as well as for sustainable tourism based on experiences. In order to stimulate regional development, specific CCI measures are often introduced in public policies but results of policy interventions are rarely monitored. Their performance can be measured against the pre-set indicators. Research studies focusing on such indicators are scarce. This short communication provides a possible conceptual framework alongside concrete indicators for cultural/creative industries’ sector impact assessment on cultural heritage and sustainable experiential tourism on the policy as well as on the project level. Desk research and brainstorming methods were applied to design the indicator sets resulting in a tool which is to be further tested and used in practice.

scholarly journals Threats to Cultural Heritage Caused by the Global Sea Level Rise as a Result of the Global Warming

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2577
Author(s):  
Mateusz Ciski ◽  
Krzysztof Rząsa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Global Sea Level

Climate change resulting from global warming has an increasing impact on Earth. The resulting sea level rise is starting to be noticed in some regions today, and based on projections, could have severe consequences in the future. These consequences would primarily be felt by residents of coastal areas, but through the potential for irreparable damage to cultural heritage sites, could be significant for the general public. The primary aim of the research undertaken in this article was to assess the threat to cultural heritage objects on the case study area of Tri-City, Poland. A review of available elevation data sources for their potential use in analyses of sea level changes was required. The selection of the optimal data source for the cultural heritage threat analysis of historic sites was carried out. The analyses were conducted for three scenarios, using ArcGIS Pro 2.7 software. A series of maps were thus prepared to show the threats to specific historic sites for various global sea level rise scenarios. Even with the slightest rise in sea level, monuments could be permanently lost. The authors point out that a lack of action to stop climate change could result not only in economic but also cultural losses.

scholarly journals KOMPLEKSITAS PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN BENTENG VREDEBURG YOGYAKARTA

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Niken Wirasanti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Environmental Impact Analysis ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Culture Heritage

The development and modification of a city is an unavoidable process. However, to preserve the identity of a city is a necessity; for instance, city of Indonesian struggle for freedom, and city of culture heritage. All have been characterized with icons available throughout Yogyakarta area. The identities of Yogya as a City of Indonesian struggle for freedom and City of Culture heritage, among others, are reflected at the Benteng Vredeburg Museum and is surrounding. But at the same time various hotels and shopping mall are built nearby the site. Even though Government regulation on environmental management (Environmental Impact Analysis) have been made, however, at that location, the Cultural Heritage sites, one by one, have been destroyed and replaced by modern buildings.

scholarly journals Stemming the Tide: Global Strategies for Sustaining Cultural Heritage through Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rushfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
American Art ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Museums And Collections ◽  
Global Strategies

Climate change has become one of the most significant and fastest growing threats to cultural heritage around the globe. Yet cultural heritage sites and collections also serve as invaluable sources of resilience for communities to address climate change. In March 2020, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Smithsonian’s National Collections Program convened the symposium “Stemming the Tide: Global Strategies for Sustaining Cultural Heritage through Climate Change” to empower cultural heritage authorities, managers, and advocates to pursue more ambitious engagement and collaborative approaches to climate change. Speakers explored six categories of cultural heritage identified by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS): Cultural Landscapes and Historic Urban Landscapes, Archaeological Sites, Built Heritage (Buildings and Structures), Cultural Communities, Intangible Cultural Heritage, and Museums and Collections. <div><br></div><div>Contributors: Jean Carroon, Antonietta Catanzariti, Carl Elefante, Nicole Heller, Victoria Herrmann, Amber Kerr, Ken Kimmell, Adam Markham, Henry McGhie, Jenny Newell, Isabel C. Rivera-Collazo, Erin Seekamp, Sarah Sutton, Alison Tickell, William G. Tompkins, Meredith Wiggins, Ashley Robbins Wilson, Janene Yazzie</div>

scholarly journals Stemming the Tide: Global Strategies for Sustaining Cultural Heritage through Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rushfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
American Art ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Museums And Collections ◽  
Global Strategies

Climate change has become one of the most significant and fastest growing threats to cultural heritage around the globe. Yet cultural heritage sites and collections also serve as invaluable sources of resilience for communities to address climate change. In March 2020, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Smithsonian’s National Collections Program convened the symposium “Stemming the Tide: Global Strategies for Sustaining Cultural Heritage through Climate Change” to empower cultural heritage authorities, managers, and advocates to pursue more ambitious engagement and collaborative approaches to climate change. Speakers explored six categories of cultural heritage identified by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS): Cultural Landscapes and Historic Urban Landscapes, Archaeological Sites, Built Heritage (Buildings and Structures), Cultural Communities, Intangible Cultural Heritage, and Museums and Collections. <div><br></div><div>Contributors: Jean Carroon, Antonietta Catanzariti, Carl Elefante, Nicole Heller, Victoria Herrmann, Amber Kerr, Ken Kimmell, Adam Markham, Henry McGhie, Jenny Newell, Isabel C. Rivera-Collazo, Erin Seekamp, Sarah Sutton, Alison Tickell, William G. Tompkins, Meredith Wiggins, Ashley Robbins Wilson, Janene Yazzie</div>

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