scholarly journals Precise control of mitophagy through ubiquitin proteasome system and deubiquitin proteases and their dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

BMB Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 592-600
Author(s):  
Ga Hyun Park ◽  
Joon Hyung Park ◽  
Kwang Chul Chung
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

scholarly journals Interaction between Parkin and α-Synuclein in PARK2-Mediated Parkinson’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Daniel Aghaie Madsen ◽  
Sissel Ida Schmidt ◽  
Morten Blaabjerg ◽  
Morten Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

Parkin and α-synuclein are two key proteins involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Neurotoxic alterations of α-synuclein that lead to the formation of toxic oligomers and fibrils contribute to PD through synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, defective endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi function, and nuclear dysfunction. In half of the cases, the recessively inherited early-onset PD is caused by loss of function mutations in the PARK2 gene that encodes the E3-ubiquitin ligase, parkin. Parkin is involved in the clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and regulates mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. PARK2-related PD is generally thought not to be associated with Lewy body formation although it is a neuropathological hallmark of PD. In this review article, we provide an overview of post-mortem neuropathological examinations of PARK2 patients and present the current knowledge of a functional interaction between parkin and α-synuclein in the regulation of protein aggregates including Lewy bodies. Furthermore, we describe prevailing hypotheses about the formation of intracellular micro-aggregates (synuclein inclusions) that might be more likely than Lewy bodies to occur in PARK2-related PD. This information may inform future studies aiming to unveil primary signaling processes involved in PD and related neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Progress in the pathogenesis and genetics of Parkinson's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1500) ◽  
pp. 2215-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikuni Mizuno ◽  
Nobutaka Hattori ◽  
Shin-ichiro Kubo ◽  
Shigeto Sato ◽  
Kenya Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Sporadic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Synuclein Proteins

Recent progresses in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and genetics of familial PD are reviewed. There are common molecular events between sporadic and familial PD, particularly between sporadic PD and PARK1 -linked PD due to α - synuclein ( SNCA ) mutations. In sporadic form, interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors is probably a primary event inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage resulting in oligomer and aggregate formations of α-synuclein. In PARK1 -linked PD, mutant α-synuclein proteins initiate the disease process as they have increased tendency for self-aggregation. As highly phosphorylated aggregated proteins are deposited in nigral neurons in PD, dysfunctions of proteolytic systems, i.e. the ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy–lysosomal pathway, seem to be contributing to the final neurodegenerative process. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of nigral neuronal death in familial forms of PD will contribute further on the understanding of the pathogenesis of sporadic PD.

Ubiquitin–proteasome system and Parkinson's disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1806-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Warren Olanow ◽  
Kevin St. P. McNaught
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

scholarly journals Degradation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease and Dopa-Responsive Dystonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Kawahata ◽  
Kohji Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
Dopamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

Nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems govern physiological functions related to locomotion, and their dysfunction leads to movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and dopa-responsive dystonia (Segawa disease). Previous studies revealed that expression of the gene encoding nigrostriatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine biosynthesis, is reduced in Parkinson’s disease and dopa-responsive dystonia; however, the mechanism of TH depletion in these disorders remains unclear. In this article, we review the molecular mechanism underlying the neurodegeneration process in dopamine-containing neurons and focus on the novel degradation pathway of TH through the ubiquitin-proteasome system to advance our understanding of the etiology of Parkinson’s disease and dopa-responsive dystonia. We also introduce the relation of α-synuclein propagation with the loss of TH protein in Parkinson’s disease as well as anticipate therapeutic targets and early diagnosis of these diseases.

Reciprocal Upshot of Nitric Oxide, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Parkinson’s Disease Pathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842094221
Author(s):  
Shubhangini Tiwari ◽  
Sarika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology involves degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway, postulating symptoms associated with age, environment, and genetic anomalies, including nonlinear disease progression. Hallmark characteristics of PD include dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and death, which may also be exhibited by other neurological diseases, making the diagnosis of the disease intricate at early stage. Such obscure diagnosis of the disease, limited symptomatic improvements with available therapeutics, and their inability to modify the disease status instigate us to appraise the past research and formulate the colligating comprehensive insights. This review is accentuating on the role of nitric oxide, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and their association with the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) during PD pathology involving focus on ubiquitin ligases due to their regulatory functions. Meticulous understanding of these major disease-related pathological events and their functional alliance may render novel dimensions for better understanding of disease etiology, related mechanisms, as well as direction toward witnessing of new therapeutic targets for the management of Parkinson’s patients.

scholarly journals A Splice Intervention Therapy for Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinson’s Disease Arising from Parkin Mutations

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7282
Author(s):  
Dunhui Li ◽  
May T. Aung-Htut ◽  
Kristin A. Ham ◽  
Sue Fletcher ◽  
Steve D. Wilton
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Genomic Deletions ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

Parkin-type autosomal recessive juvenile-onset Parkinson’s disease is caused by mutations in the PRKN gene and accounts for 50% of all autosomal recessive Parkinsonism cases. Parkin is a neuroprotective protein that has dual functions as an E3 ligase in the ubiquitin–proteasome system and as a transcriptional repressor of p53. While genomic deletions of PRKN exon 3 disrupt the mRNA reading frame and result in the loss of functional parkin protein, deletions of both exon 3 and 4 maintain the reading frame and are associated with a later onset, milder disease progression, indicating this particular isoform retains some function. Here, we describe in vitro evaluation of antisense oligomers that restore functional parkin expression in cells derived from a Parkinson’s patient carrying a heterozygous PRKN exon 3 deletion, by inducing exon 4 skipping to correct the reading frame. We show that the induced PRKN transcript is translated into a shorter but semi-functional parkin isoform able to be recruited to depolarised mitochondria, and also transcriptionally represses p53 expression. These results support the potential use of antisense oligomers as a disease-modifying treatment for selected pathogenic PRKN mutations.

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