The relationship between overactive bladder and prostate cancer: A scoping review

Introduction: The relationship between prostate cancer (PCa) and overactive bladder (OAB) is poorly understood. PCa and OAB are frequently diagnosed in elderly populations, so it could be expected that both conditions would be observed in older patients. Whether PCa and OAB occur independently with age, or the presence of PCa leads to the onset of OAB/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has not been explored. This review aimed to investigate whether men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) are more likely to have overactive bladder (OAB) compared to the general population, and if the various treatment modalities for PCa are likely to impact the incidence or exacerbation of OAB. Methods: The University of Calgary’s databases for Medline and PubMed were searched for relevant publications. No restrictions were placed on the study design reported. Any publications reporting OAB and a PCa diagnosis and/or observation relating to PCa diagnosis and rates of OAB/LUTS in an adult population were included for full review. Results: Of the studies examining the relationship between PCa and LUTS, results varied, but frequently indicated an inverse association between PCa and LUTS in which patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer were more unlikely to have LUTS compared to the general population. Following treatment, brachytherapy resulted in a higher prevalence of OAB symptoms compared to surgical treatment and external beam radiation therapy. Conclusions: Diverse evidence was found regarding the relationship between the prevalence of pre-treatment OAB and PCa diagnosis. However, limited evidence, as well as uncertainty regarding pre-treatment symptoms and their impact on post-treatment outcomes, restricts potential conclusions.

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Disease-specific survival outcomes in lymph node–positive patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.182 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 182-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Crehange ◽

V. K. Weinberg ◽

A. Izaguirre ◽

C. C. Hsu ◽

I. J. Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

External Beam Radiation ◽

Survival Outcomes ◽

Primary Therapy ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Beam Radiation ◽

Androgen Ablation ◽

Disease Free

182 Background: Involvement of regional lymph nodes (LN+) at the time of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is widely regarded as an adverse prognostic factor associated with poor outcome. No commonly utilized treatment, composed of any combination of androgen ablation, surgery and radiation, has proven to be superior for survival. This study will evaluate the clinical survival outcomes of patients (pts) with newly diagnosed LN+ PCa at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF). Methods: All newly diagnosed LN+ PCa pts treated with External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) as primary therapy or after surgery, each with and without androgen ablation between 1987 and 2009 were included. All pts had confirmed pathologic or radiologic LN+ whereas none had evidence of metastases on the work up. Cause Specific Survival (CSS), Disease Free survival (DFS) and biochemical control were measured from the start of treatment. PSA failure was determined by the Phoenix definition after EBRT and by a confirmed PSA >1 ng/mL following RP+EBRT. Results: A retrospective analysis identified 91 pts with LN+ at the time of diagnosis (75.8% high risk pts) with disease follow-up. Thirty-four (37%) were managed with exclusive EBRT alone (eRT), 18 pts (20%) with a combination of radical prostatectomy (RP) and adjuvant EBRT (RP+aRT) and 39 pts (43%) were treated with a combination of RP + salvage RT (RP+sRT). Overall 78% of patients also received hormone therapy (HT): 74.0% with eRT, 89% with RP+aRT and 79% with RP+sRT. The 10 years CSS estimates was 89% for eRT, 0% after RP+aRT and 88% after RP+sRT. The 10 years DFS estimates was 33% for eRT, 0% after RP+aRT and 75% after RP+sRT. Among pts remaining disease free the median follow-up is 38 mos for eRT, 26 mos for RP+aRT and 64 mos for RP+sRT. The last PSA for these patients was <0.1 for 85% of all patients which included 47% following eRT, 100% after RP+aRT and 97% after RP+sRT. There were 7 deaths due to PCa occurring between 5 and 73 mos from the start of EBRT. Conclusions: The results of the current analysis indicate that some pts with LN+ from PCa have prolonged disease free outcomes; and for these men, aggressive treatment may be appropriate. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Active surveillance for prostate cancer: to whom, when and how

Sechenov Medical Journal ◽

10.47093/22187332.2019.3.37-44 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

M. S. Taratkin ◽

E. A. Laukhtina ◽

K. I. Adelman ◽

Y. G. Alyaev ◽

L. M. Rapoport ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Low Risk ◽

External Beam Radiation ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

Beam Radiation

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common oncological disease among men. It is important to note that over 50% of the ﬁrst identiﬁed primary malignant neoplasms of prostate are low - risk PCa. Recently, radical prostatectomy and external beam radiation therapy have been the standard treatment options for PCa. According to recent data, patients with low - risk PCa have a favourable prognosis because of the slow progression of the disease. Some studies show no links between 10-year cancer - speciﬁc survival and treatment modalities and no progression even in the absence of therapy. Active surveillance (AS) allows avoiding unnecessary treatment in men who do not require immediate intervention but achieves the correct timing for curative treatment in those who eventually need it. According to the guidelines of the European Association of Urology, AS is one of the standard treatment options for low - risk PCa and should be consideredfor all patients in this category. The advantage of AS is to improve the quality of life in men with low - risk PCa and to delay surgical interventions as much as possible. However, despite widespread AS worldwide, there are only a few centres, which use it routinely in Russia. In this review, we would like to shed some light on the most important questions of AS strategy: what criteria should we use for selection of patients for AS strategy? How often should patient visit the urologist, control PSA level, and undergo prostate biopsy? When should a doctor change strategy and turn to active treatment? In this article, we considered indications for AS in men with PCa and showed the most recent data on the eﬃcacy and relevance of this modality.

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SU-FF-J-26: Analysis of 10,327 Pre-Treatment Ultrasound Localizations for 387 Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Conformal 3D External Beam Radiation Therapy

Medical Physics ◽

10.1118/1.2240805 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (6Part5) ◽

pp. 2026-2026

Author(s):

W Parker ◽

E Poli ◽

H Patrocinio ◽

L Souhami ◽

L Lucente Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

External Beam Radiation Therapy ◽

External Beam Radiation ◽

External Beam ◽

Beam Radiation ◽

Pre Treatment

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Comparison of active surveillance with other treatment options for low-risk prostate cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.178 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 178-178

Author(s):

Hima Bindu Musunuru ◽

Gerard Morton ◽

Laurence Klotz ◽

Danny Vespirini ◽

Patrick Cheung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Salvage Treatment ◽

Low Risk ◽

External Beam Radiation ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Beam Radiation ◽

Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy

178 Background: To evaluate outcomes and treatment history of low risk (LR) prostate cancer patients(pts) diagnosed between 2006-2008 in a single academic institute. Methods: Treatment and toxicity details were retrieved through retrospective chart review,apart from surgery where toxicity data was not available in detail.Biochemical RFS following primary and salvage treatments and CSS were computed.Pts who underwent salvage treatment for local failure and subsequently remained under biochemical control were censored as disease free for the salvage bRFS. Results: 594 pts were eligible for this study. Treatment options were active surveillance (AS=178 pts), low dose rate brachytherapy (LDR=192 pts, I-125 implant), stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR =84 pts; 35Gy in 5 weekly fractions), external beam radiation (EBRT=81 pts; 76Gy ) and radical prostatectomy (RP=59 pts). Median follow was > 70 months in all cohorts. 17.9% on AS protocol underwent active treatment. Biochemical failures were detected in 9 (5%), 10 (5.2%), 3 (3.5%), 6 (7.4%) and 9 (15.3%) pts respectively. Out of these, 4 pts in AS cohort, 2 in SABR group, and 7 in RP underwent local/salvage treatment. The 7-year bRFS was 94.4%, 93.6%, 95.8%, 90.1% and 89.5% for primary treatment and 95.7%, 93.6%, 98.7%, 90.1% and 98.3% following salvage treatment. 1 pt in AS, 2 in LDR, 1 pt in SABR and EBRT group developed metastatic disease. The 6 year CSS was 100% in all groups apart from LDR (99.4%) and EBRT (98.8%). Significant dysuria (20.8%) and hematochezia (7.4%) were noticed in EBRT cohort (Table). One grade 4 toxicity was noted in LDR, SABR and EBRT pts. Conclusions: AS has CSS comparable to other treatment options in LR prostate cancer setting with minimal toxicity. In the primary setting all treatment modalities apart from RP and EBRT have 7-year bRFS >93%. Differences in bRFS following salvage treatment might be due to pt and treatment selection. [Table: see text]

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Combination therapy-permanent interstitial brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy for patients with localized prostate cancer

Acta chirurgica iugoslavica ◽

10.2298/aci0504031m ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Matzkin ◽

G. Keren-Paz ◽

N.J. Mabjeesh ◽

J. Chen

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Side Effects ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

Localized Prostate Cancer ◽

Interstitial Brachytherapy ◽

External Beam Radiation ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

External Beam ◽

Beam Radiation

Background: Combination of permanent interstitial brachytherapy based on radioactive iodine with external beam radiotherapy is an alternative to other treatment modalities, such as radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy alone in patients with intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer. In this article we report our experience with this combination modality. Methods: Among patients who were treated in our institute with brachytherapy, there were 64 patients who received combination therapy for the above indication. Combination therapy enables administration of 110 Gy as brachytherapy and thereafter 45 Gy as external beam radiation. All patients received adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy for 6 months. The prospective follow-up was done with the aid of validated evaluation instruments (questionnaires). Results: Combination therapy was administered without additional urinary (IPSS-based) or sexual (IIEFbased) side effects above those with brachytherapy alone. No severe perianal and lower intestinal tract side effects were observed. Short-to-moderate-term results based on serum PSA levels are encouraging, and are not inferior to what is accepted by the literature for other radical therapies. Conclusion: Combination of permanent interstitial brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy in the appropriate patients does not cause any additional morbidity, and its biochemical results justify its application. This modality should be offered as an accepted and good alternative to other radical treatment options, to men with prostate cancer with moderate risk factors.

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