scholarly journals Experimental capabilities of seismic emission tomography for solving the problems of searching and exploration of deep hydrocarbon accumulations

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Chebotareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Transmission Tomography ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Seismic Emission ◽  
Seismic Prospecting ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposit

The standard seismic prospecting has been designed to investigate thin layering at shallow depths. At depths more than 4 km the rocks are significantly compacted, change their properties and it is often impossible to trace clear horizons by reflected waves. In the crystalline basement and lower horizons of the sedimentary cover the block structure of rocks is clearly manifested. Taking this into account geological models should be developed and other predictive indicators should be used when searching for hydrocarbon accumulations. For the study of great depths more informative seismic methods are emission and transmission tomography which have been developed in detail in seismology. This article discusses prognostic indicators different from seismic prospecting and presents experimental results confirming the success of emission tomography in their detection using the example of field studies at developed hydrocarbon deposit and other geophysical objects. The range of working depths of research covers the entire crust of the Earth including the crust-mantle transition zone. Keywords: seismic emission; emission tomography; rocks; hydrocarbon deposits.

scholarly journals Density-thermal dependence of sedimentary associations calls to reinterpreting detailed gravity surveys

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagif G. Gadirov ◽  
Lev V. Eppelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Field ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Thermal Dependence ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Buried Objects ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposit

<p>The modern gravimetric equipment allows to register very small effects of gravity field changes and can be applied solving different geological, geophysical and environmental problems. However, sometimes insufficient calculation of various kinds of geological noise complicates effective application of detailed gravity field analysis. One of such factors is the temperature regime over and outside different buried objects of investigation. In this paper temperature changes in a subvertical zone over a hydrocarbon deposit and outside its contour are analyzed. The integrated density change and corresponding gravity effects are calculated for the Muradkhanly oil deposit situated within the south-east part of the Middle Kura Depression (central Azerbaijan). Calculation of these effects on the basis of density- temperature data correlation analysis could significantly improve the microgravity field examination over the hydrocarbon deposits. The similar correction procedure may be applied also over underground water horizons and some environmental targets.</p>

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH ANISOTROPIC MEDIA UNDER HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS IN THE MODE OF VIDEO-PULSE SIGNALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
V. F. Yanushkevich ◽  
K. I. Ivanova ◽  
M. M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Video Pulse ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposit

The article presents the simulation of the interaction of electromagnetic waves in the mode of video pulse signals with the medium over hydrocarbon deposits. The analysis of the spectra of reflected video pulse signals from the medium over hydrocarbons is carried out. A study of the propagation of radio waves over hydrocarbons is carried out within the framework of a quasihydrodynamic approximation. The choice of the frequencies of video pulse signals is due to the determination of media characteristics over deposits at great depths compared to the surface of the earth. The spectrum of reflected signals from an anisotropic medium above a hydrocarbon deposit in the mode of video pulse signals can be used to determine the electrodynamic characteristics of the medium over the deposit over a wide range of frequencies of probed signals, dielectric permittivities and conductivity of media. The ability to reconfigure a geo-prospecting device from one mode to another (pulse width adjustment) in the presence of a deposit complements the functionality to search for hydrocarbon deposits. Electromagnetic methods for the search for and identification of hydrocarbons can be improved by obtaining information about objects through several information channels, which allows them to be identified with a sufficiently high level of reliability on the background of the underlying environment. The depths of occurrence, the resolving power in the investigated frequency range are determined. The results of the research can be used to develop new electromagnetic methods for the search for hydrocarbon deposits.

scholarly journals About wireless synchronization of a GPR receiver and transmitter when plotting a hodograph.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Gulevich ◽  
◽  
L.B. Volkomirskaya ◽  
A.E. Reznikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Video Signal ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Seismic Prospecting ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
First Time

The processing of the hodograph data of a monopulse georadar with wireless synchronization is similar to the method of reflected waves in seismic prospecting but has particular differences. The paper describes for the first time the effect of the appearance of steps in the image of the recorded video signal when the receiving and transmitting units of the georadar are moving apart on the example of studies in the mine workings of a potassium salt deposit. Using a kinematic correction in GPR in consideration with the effect of synchronization via electromagnetic wave is especially important for deep research with a large spacing of antenna units.

The Influence of Trap Magmatism on the Geochemical Composition of Brines of Petroliferous Deposits in the Western Areas of the Kureika Syneclise (Siberian Platform)

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-719
Author(s):  
D.A. Novikov ◽  
A.I. Gordeeva ◽  
A.V. Chernykh ◽  
F.F. Dultsev ◽  
L.M. Zhitova
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Siberian Trap ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hydrocarbon Preservation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits ◽  
Soluble Components

Abstract —We present the results of study of the influence of trap magmatism on the geochemical composition of brines and on the geothermal regime of the Earth’s interior in the western areas of the Kureika syneclise. The Siberian trap province, which unites all cutting and layered tholeiite–basic magmatic intrusions and erupted basaltic lava, is the world’s largest Phanerozoic continental basalt province. Brines, hydrocarbon deposits, and organic matter of the sedimentary cover were subjected to a significant thermal impact as a result of the Permo-Triassic trap magmatism. During the trap intrusion, the maximum paleotemperatures in major Silurian (D’yavolskii), Ordovician (Baikit), and Cambrian (Deltula–Tanachi, Abakun, and Moktakon) productive horizons reached 650 °C. The Paleozoic and Proterozoic deposits of the study area contain brines with TDS = 50–470 g/dm3. By chemical composition, they are of Na, Na–Ca, Ca–Na, Ca–Mg, and Ca chloride types (according to the classification by S.A. Shchukarev), with mixed Ca–Na and Na–Ca chloride brines dominating. The studied brines can be divided into three groups according to the degree of metamorphism: low (S1), medium (S2), and high (S3). The first group includes mainly sodium chloride brines with TDS = 50–370 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.60–0.95; S ≤ 100). The second (dominating) group comprises Na–Ca, Ca–Na, Ca, and Ca–Mg chloride brines with TDS = 150–470 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.10–0.87; 100 ≤ S ≤ 300). The third group is Ca–Na and Ca chloride brines with TDS = 223–381 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.12–0.45; S ≥ 300). We have first established changes in the hydrogeochemical field (major- and trace-component and gas compositions) with distance from the contacts of intruded dolerite sills and dikes. Hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, i-C4H10, n-C4H10, i-C5H12, n-C5H12, and C6H14) and water-soluble components I, B, and NH4 were most actively subjected to destruction. For example, at a distance of 100 m from the intrusion zone, the water-dissolved gases are dominated by CO2 (&gt;90 vol.%), and CH4 amounts to 5 vol.%, whereas at a distance of 250 m, the concentration of CO2 decreases to 30 vol.%, and that of CH4 increases to 60–70 vol.%. In addition to the negative effect on the hydrocarbon preservation in the contact zone (≤400 m), the intrusive trap magmatism favored the formation of hydrocarbons in remote horizons. The reaction of intruding traps with brines of the sedimentary cover led to the saturation of the latter with iron, aluminum, and silica, which suggests extraction of metals in the form of salts from magmatic melts into an ore-bearing fluid.

scholarly journals THE AMPLITUDES OF WAVES TO BE EXPECTED IN SEISMIC PROSPECTING

Geophysics ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gutenberg
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Wave ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Refraction Angle ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Longitudinal Waves ◽  
Seismic Prospecting ◽  
Shot Point

A method of calculating the amplitudes of bodily waves in earthquakes is applied to a study of the amplitudes of longitudinal waves produced by an artificial explosion. Formulae are given for calculating the energy of the reflected longitudinal wave arriving at the surface. The percentage of energy reflected at a discontinuity increases rapidly after the angle of incidence exceeds the critical refraction angle. However, no corresponding large amplitudes are recorded by the instruments. Instead, the maximum amplitudes of reflected waves are found near the shot point. This is because the ground movement is due both to the arriving wave and to the wave reflected downward from the ground. The amplitude of this movement depends, besides, on the rate of change of the angle of incidence with distance. It is pointed out that the same methods can be applied to a dipping bed, and that the amplitudes of the reflected waves are in general slightly larger in the up‐dip than in the down‐dip direction.

scholarly journals Analysis of change in the physico-chemical properties of oils depending on the depth and features of deep oils

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Irina G. Yashchenko ◽  
Vladimir V. Krupitsky ◽  
Yury M. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits ◽  
Oil Gas

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of studying the features of the properties of poorly studied oils at great depths (more than 4,500 m), the need for development of which is caused by a reduction in oil production in traditional oil producing provinces. A study was made of changes in the physicochemical properties and occurrence conditions of oils depending on the depth, which made it possible to clarify the quantitative patterns of changes in the physicochemical properties of oils at different depths and to reveal features of the properties of poorly studied deep-seated oils. The studies used information on 21067 oil samples from 167 oil-bearing basins of the world, obtained from the database on the physicochemical properties of oils. It has been shown that in different oil-bearing basins the density and viscosity of oils decreases with depth. The content of sulfur, resins and asphaltenes also decreases with depth, and the content of light fractions and oil gas increases. The paraffin content increases to a depth of 3-4 km, and then decreases with increasing depth. The features of the physicochemical properties of deep-seated oils have been established, which are manifested in a decrease in the density and viscosity of oils, in a decrease in the content of sulfur and asphalt-resinous substances, and in an increase in the content of light fractions and oil gas. The results of geological modeling of changes in the stress state of rocks associated with the displacement of the foundation blocks due to tectonic processes are considered. It has been shown that at the edges of the downing tectonic blocks at the boundary of the sedimentary cover and the basement, zones of minimum pressure (decompression zones) are formed. The lightest hydrocarbons migrate along the faults into the decompression zones, forming deep-seated hydrocarbon deposits, what can serve as a justification for the features of the properties of deep-seated oils established in the work.

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