Analysis of change in the physico-chemical properties of oils depending on the depth and features of deep oils

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of studying the features of the properties of poorly studied oils at great depths (more than 4,500 m), the need for development of which is caused by a reduction in oil production in traditional oil producing provinces. A study was made of changes in the physicochemical properties and occurrence conditions of oils depending on the depth, which made it possible to clarify the quantitative patterns of changes in the physicochemical properties of oils at different depths and to reveal features of the properties of poorly studied deep-seated oils. The studies used information on 21067 oil samples from 167 oil-bearing basins of the world, obtained from the database on the physicochemical properties of oils. It has been shown that in different oil-bearing basins the density and viscosity of oils decreases with depth. The content of sulfur, resins and asphaltenes also decreases with depth, and the content of light fractions and oil gas increases. The paraffin content increases to a depth of 3-4 km, and then decreases with increasing depth. The features of the physicochemical properties of deep-seated oils have been established, which are manifested in a decrease in the density and viscosity of oils, in a decrease in the content of sulfur and asphalt-resinous substances, and in an increase in the content of light fractions and oil gas. The results of geological modeling of changes in the stress state of rocks associated with the displacement of the foundation blocks due to tectonic processes are considered. It has been shown that at the edges of the downing tectonic blocks at the boundary of the sedimentary cover and the basement, zones of minimum pressure (decompression zones) are formed. The lightest hydrocarbons migrate along the faults into the decompression zones, forming deep-seated hydrocarbon deposits, what can serve as a justification for the features of the properties of deep-seated oils established in the work.

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Deep-Lying Oils

Oil and Gas technologies ◽

10.32935/1815-2600-221-134-3-11-17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

I. G. Yashchenko ◽

◽

Y. M. Polishchuk ◽

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Oil Production ◽

Urgent Problem ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The World ◽

Oil Gas

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Effects of deacetylation of konjac glucomannan on the physico-chemical properties of surimi gels from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c9ra03517f ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (34) ◽

pp. 19828-19836 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Li Yuan ◽

Jiamei Yu ◽

Jianlou Mu ◽

Tong Shi ◽

Quancai Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Silver Carp ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Konjac Glucomannan ◽

Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽

Physico Chemical

This work studied the effects of KGM with different degrees of deacetylation (DDs) on the physicochemical properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) surimi gels.

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A study on Apple ber to identify the suitability of new product development

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2020.7.1.640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69

Author(s):

S Mathangi ◽

J P Maran

Keyword(s):

Product Development ◽

New Product Development ◽

New Products ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

New Product ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The World ◽

The One ◽

Powdered Form

This study emphasis on the physico-chemical properties of a new ber variety (Apple ber) originated in Thailand and slowly emerging in many parts of the world. The analysis is done under two different conditions the one being controlled and second one is blanched. The analysis revealed that the controlled condition is superior in physico-chemical properties than the blanched one. Also, proximate analysis was carried out on the fruit and its powdered form. In this analysis also controlled condition parameters were ahead of blanched. New products were developed with the Apple ber powder.

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Soil fertility status of Ratte Khera farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1665-1675

Author(s):

R. Bhatt ◽

◽

Sanjay Swami ◽

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Lower Range ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Nutrient Index ◽

Different Depths ◽

Soil Fertility Status ◽

Effective Use ◽

P Fertilizers ◽

Different Soils

Aim: To delineates micro and macro nutrients along with physico-chemical properties of Ratte-Khera farm of Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India for effective use of nutrients. Methodology: Thirty two soil samples were collected during 2019 from eight different location using GPS from different soils depths viz.? 0-15,15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm in the problematic water logged soils of Ratte-khera farm. Further, GPS maps were also prepared pertaining to different depths for the judicious use of fertilizers in the region.? Parker nutrient index was also evaluated for different nutrients for the region. Results: Around 87.5% of the samples had normal pH (6.5 -8.7) and 12.5% soils were with pH on higher side with higher range of EC, lower range of SOC, higher and potassium. About 87.5 % samples were in higher available-phosphorus. Further, lower and higher range of DTPA zinc and copper observed in samples while 25 and 37.5% recorded with lower range of DTPA iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Correlation analysis revealed? availability of Fe is positively associated with Mn, P, Cu and Zn in the soil. Interpretation: Soils of Ratte-Khera farm reported to be saline (white alkali soils) with normal range of pH (no need to add any gypsum or lime). Final recommendation is to apply 25% higher dose of nitrogenous (N) and phosphatic (P) fertilizers with no need for potassic fertilizers. Further, micro-nutrients should be applied as and when symptoms observed on the field crops.

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Modeling Physico-chemical Properties of Quinolone Derivatives Using GA-MLR as a Computational Study

Current Computer - Aided Drug Design ◽

10.2174/1573409915666191212152439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Meysam Shirmohammadi ◽

Esmat Mohammadinasab ◽

Zakiyeh Bayat

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Energy Gap ◽

Computational Study ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Lumo Energy ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Leave One Out ◽

Homo Lumo

: In the present study the applicability of various molecular descriptors was tested for the QSPR study on 40 quinolones derivatives. The relationship between some of the molecular indices with physicochemical properties such as refractive index (n), polarizability (α) and HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ΔEH-L) was represented. At first, the chemical structure of quinolones derivatives was optimized by Gaussian 98 program and ab initio method at the #HF/6-31++G**level, and then the physicochemical properties such as refractive index, polarizability and HOMO-LUMO energy gap were calculated. Genetic algorithm using multiple linear regression (GA-MLR) with backward method by SPSS software was used for obtaining properties. The analytical powers of the established theoretical models were discussed using leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation technique. A multi-parametric equation containing maximum three descriptors with suitable statistical qualities was obtained for predicting the studied properties.

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A bioinformatics study concerning structural and functional properties of human caveolin proteins

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc130716100i ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 133-150

Author(s):

Adriana Isvoran ◽

Dana Craciun ◽

Alecu Ciorsac ◽

Nahuel Perrot ◽

Veronica Beswick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Structure ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Caveolin 1 ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Structural And Functional Properties ◽

Bioinformatics Study ◽

Sequences Alignment ◽

Good Agreement

We performed a bioinformatics study to predict and compare the structural and functional properties of human caveolins: caveolin-1, -2 and -3. The computed local physico-chemical properties, predictions of their secondary structure elements and interacting partners of caveolin-2 and -3 are compared to experimentally proved structural and functional properties of caveolin-1. These data combined with the sequences alignment of the three caveolins, allowed predicting and characterizing the functional domains of caveolin-2 and -3. The hydrophobic regions of these proteins are highly similar in sequences and physicochemical properties and it is in good agreement with their known membrane locations and functions. The most divergent in sequences and properties are the C-terminal regions of caveolins suggesting that they might be responsible for their distinct predicted interactions, with direct consequences on signalling processes.

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Leaching of Herbicides Commonly Applied to Sugarcane in Five Agricultural Soils

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

A.C.D. GUIMARÃES ◽

K.F. MENDES ◽

T.F. CAMPION ◽

P.J. CHRISTOFFOLETI ◽

V.L. TORNISIELO

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Weed Management ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽

Potential Contaminant

ABSTRACT: Leaching intensity depends on the physicochemical properties of soils and herbicides. Consequently, a good understanding of this process is essential to determine mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate the risk of water contamination around areas with sugarcane crops. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the leaching of ametryn, diuron, hexazinone, and metribuzin by using columns in five soils with different physicochemical properties cultivated with sugarcane. The radiolabeled herbicides with 14C were evaluated at six soil depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15, 0.15-0.20, 0.20-0.25, and 0.25-0.30 m) and in the leachate after 200 mm rainfall simulation for 48 h. Herbicide leaching was mostly affected by soil type. Ametryn and diuron were reported in the highest amount (>87%) on the topsoil (0-0.05 m), which was indicative of the low leaching of these two herbicides in the soil profile. Thus, these herbicides can contaminate surface water by runoff. Leachate percentage was always <0.3% for ametryn, diuron, and metribuzin; this was also the case for hexazinone in two out of the five soils. Hexazinone proved to be a potential contaminant of groundwater and metribuzin presented high leaching in the soil profile. Previous knowledge of the physico-chemical properties of soils cultivated with sugarcane is essential to recommend the use of these herbicides in weed management.

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Modified lead dioxide for organic wastewater treatment: Physicochemical properties and electrocatalytic activity

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc180712091s ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 187-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olesia Shmychkova ◽

Tatiana Luk’yanenko ◽

Larisa Dmirtikova ◽

Alexander Velichenko

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Electrochemical Oxidation ◽

Oxygen Evolution ◽

Electrocatalytic Activity ◽

Lead Dioxide ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Destruction Rate ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Pbo2 Anode

An investigation is reported on lead dioxide electrodeposition from methanesulfonate electrolytes additionally containing Ni2+ ions. It is shown that lead dioxide electrodes micromodified by nickel have different physico-chemical properties vs. nonmodified PbO2-anodes that are formed during the deposition. Electrocatalytical reactivity of electrodes involved in comparison to both the oxygen evolution, as well as to the electrooxidation of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acid is investigated. Processes of electrochemical oxidation of 2,4-D on various materials occur qualitatively with the same mechanism and differ only in the rate. It is shown that the Ni-PbO2-anode possesses the highest electrocatalytic activity: the destruction rate of 2,4-D on it increases in 1.5 times in comparison with nonmodified lead dioxide. The COD of a 0.4 mM solution of 2,4-D, determined by the dichromate method, is 90.0 mg dm-3 which is 94 % of the theoretical value.

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Effects of organic acid on the physicochemical properties of gelatine extracted from Fringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata) bones

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(4).038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 294-302

Author(s):

N.M. Arshad ◽

M. Abd. Ghaffar ◽

N.F. Mohtar

Keyword(s):

Melting Point ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Inorganic Acid ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

By Products

Gelatine from marine sources especially from the fish becomes a popular alternative to replace the commercial gelatines from bovine and porcine. Fringescale sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata) is commonly used in the fish processing industry and has a high potential to produce gelatine from its by-products. The extraction of gelatine is one of the most important steps that influence its functional properties. Inorganic acid was commonly used in the extraction, however, nowadays it faces some issues due to health safety and its effect on the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of organic acid (fruit vinegar) as a replacement for inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid) during extraction on the physicochemical properties of S. fimbriata gelatine. The extracted gelatines were characterized in terms of their physico-chemical properties such as the yield percentage, gel strength, melting point, molecular weight, structural composition, and amino acid analyses. Results showed that gelatine extracted with organic acid demonstrated low yield percentage (2.9±0.01%) and poor gel strength (75.9±1.06 g) and melting point (22.0±1.00°C) values compared to the standard. This gelatine also demonstrated a low amount of proline and hydroxyproline contents, which were 43.77±8.21 g/mg and 34.99±6.50 g/mg, respectively. Overall findings have suggested that different types of acid used in the extraction resulted in different physico-chemical properties of the gelatine. Such findings suggested that S. fimbriata bone hold the potential to be an alternative source for vast applications in industries. Further studies may focus on different concentrations of acid used in the extraction process. Such findings will help to improve S. fimbriata bone gelatine properties for extended uses in various industries.

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Effect of tree canopy on species composition, diversity and biomass of herbaceous vegetation and soil characteristics in semi-arid forests of the Aravalli hills

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96664/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shriya Garg ◽

Rajendra Kr. Joshi ◽

Satish Chandra Garkoti

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Canopy Gaps ◽

Herbaceous Species ◽

Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽

Herbaceous Vegetation ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Semi Arid

Abstract Background: Herbaceous vegetation is of great ecological importance and responds quickly to environmental changes. Present study was aimed to understand the variation in herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physicochemical properties in canopy gaps and under the canopy of semi-arid forests in the Aravalli hills. Methods: Four permanent plots consisting of canopy gaps and under canopy were established. To study herbs phytosociological attributes and biomass, 10 quadrats of 0.5 x 0.5 m size were laid in each plot. For soil physico-chemical properties, 5 soil samples were collected randomly at 0-10 cm depth from each plot. Relationship between biodiversity indices, herbs biomass and soil physicochemical properties was determined using Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and correlation analyses. Results: The sites differed in terms of herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties. Canopy gaps were dominated by grasses while forbs were higher under the canopy. Across the sites, poaceae was the dominant family. All species showed contagious distribution pattern. Oplismenus burmannii reported highest IVI (138.0; 230.5) under the canopy while Achyranthes aspera (56.15) and Eragrostis ciliaris (53.1) had highest IVI in canopy gaps. Diversity indices were higher in canopy gaps. Herbaceous community biomass in canopy gaps ranged from 700-900 gm-2 while under the canopy it ranged from 30-70 gm-2. Cenchrus ciliaris (597.97 gm-2) and Chrysopogon sp. (391.2 gm-2) constituted major proportion of biomass in canopy gaps. The soil of under canopy regions had lower pH and bulk density, but higher soil moisture (%), electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), SOC stock and soil TN stock than the canopy gaps. Linear positive relationship between species diversity and biomass; negative relationship between soil chemical properties and herbaceous biomass was found in study area. Even though canopy had positive effects on soil physico-chemical properties, overall negative effect on herbaceous diversity and biomass was seen. Conclusions: Reduced light for photosynthesis and tree root competition for soil resources may be the major factors negatively affecting herbaceous diversity and biomass. Canopy had a significant impact and herbs species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties showed distinct differences in relation to it.

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