Association Between Body Mass index and Prevalence of Multimorbidity in Low-and Middle-income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease of pilosebaceous unit. Obesity is one of the biggest problems in western life style but nowadays, the problem is increasing even in low and middle-income countries. Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to accurately measure obesity.Objective: To find out the association between different categories of BMI and severity of acne.Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional prospective study conducted in the outpatient department of Gandaki Medical College from January to July, 2017. All the newly diagnosed patients with acne were included in the study. Height and weight of the patients was recorded and BMI was calculated. BMI was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Type of lesions were noted and severity of acne was graded from 1 to 4.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 for windows. One-way Analysis of Variance between groups (ANOVA) test was applied. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: There were altogether 249 patients with acne. Age of the patients ranged from 10 to 44 years with mean age of 20.82 ±5.9 years. Most of the patients were in the age group of 11-20 years. Female: male ratio was 1:1.4. Majority of patients (65.5%) had normal BMI. Most of the patients had Grade 2 acne (52.6%). There was no significant association between the BMI and severity of acne (p=0.129).Conclusion: There was no significant association between BMI and severity of acne.

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Identification of factors associated with stillbirth in Zimbabwe – a cross sectional study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04102-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kushupika Dube ◽

Tina Lavender ◽

Kieran Blaikie ◽

Christopher J. Sutton ◽

Alexander E. P. Heazell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Model Specification ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low And Middle Income

Abstract Introduction 98% of the 2.6 million stillbirths per annum occur in low and middle income countries. However, understanding of risk factors for stillbirth in these settings is incomplete, hampering efforts to develop effective strategies to prevent deaths. Methods A cross-sectional study of eligible women on the postnatal ward at Mpilo Hospital, Zimbabwe was undertaken between 01/08/2018 and 31/03/2019 (n = 1779). Data were collected from birth records for maternal characteristics, obstetric and past medical history, antenatal care and pregnancy outcome. A directed acyclic graph was constructed with multivariable logistic regression performed to fit the corresponding model specification to data comprising singleton pregnancies, excluding neonatal deaths (n = 1734), using multiple imputation for missing data. Where possible, findings were validated against all women with births recorded in the hospital birth register (n = 1847). Results Risk factors for stillbirth included: previous stillbirth (29/1691 (2%) of livebirths and 39/43 (91%) of stillbirths, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2628.9, 95% CI 342.8 to 20,163.0), antenatal care (aOR 44.49 no antenatal care vs. > 4 antenatal care visits, 95% CI 6.80 to 291.19), maternal medical complications (aOR 7.33, 95% CI 1.99 to 26.92) and season of birth (Cold season vs. Mild aOR 14.29, 95% CI 3.09 to 66.08; Hot season vs. Mild aOR 3.39, 95% CI 0.86 to 13.27). Women who had recurrent stillbirth had a lower educational and health status (18.2% had no education vs. 10.0%) and were less likely to receive antenatal care (20.5% had no antenatal care vs. 6.6%) than women without recurrent stillbirth. Conclusion The increased risk in women who have a history of stillbirth is a novel finding in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and is in agreement with findings from High Income Countries (HICs), although the estimated effect size is much greater (OR in HICs ~ 5). Developing antenatal care for this group of women offers an important opportunity for stillbirth prevention.

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Letter to the Editor Regarding “Emerging Trends in the Neurosurgical Workforce of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study”

World Neurosurgery ◽

10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 605

Author(s):

Soham Bandyopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Letter To The Editor ◽

Emerging Trends ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Adversity, social capital, and mental distress among mothers of small children: A cross-sectional study in three low and middle-income countries

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0228435 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. e0228435 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jewel Gausman ◽

S. Bryn Austin ◽

S. V. Subramanian ◽

Ana Langer

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Mental Distress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Small Children ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Microeconomic Impact of Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalization in Four Low- and Middle-Income Countries

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0020821 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. e20821 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Mark D. Huffman ◽

Krishna D. Rao ◽

Andres Pichon-Riviere ◽

Dong Zhao ◽

S. Harikrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Obesity Is Less Frequently Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 367 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amelia Nur Vidyanti ◽

Muhammad Hardhantyo ◽

Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽

Astuti Prodjohardjono ◽

Chaur-Jong Hu

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Daily Living ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Of Daily Living ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Middle Income Countries

Obesity is one of the factors associated with cognitive impairment. However, obesity may differently affect cognitive function in different age groups, and scarce data are available from low- and middle-income countries. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the association between obesity and cognitive impairment among 143 elderly individuals in Yogyakarta. We recorded the sociodemographic factors and some comorbidities, also measured the body mass index as a parameter of obesity, cognitive function using Montreal Cognitive Assessment—Indonesia, mood condition and depression status using geriatric depression scale-short form, as well as the daily life function using Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living. After adjustment for the sociodemographic and comorbidities, we found that subjects with older age were more likely to have cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 3.544, 95%CI: 1.36–9.22, p < 0.01) and compared with elderly individuals with normal weight, obese elderly individuals were 40% less likely to have cognitive impairment (OR 0.604, 95%CI: 0.39–0.95, p < 0.05). This study suggests that obesity in elderly individuals is less frequently associated with cognitive impairment. These findings support the reverse causation mechanism related to body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment in low/middle-income countries.

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