The Effect of Sambiloto and Spirulina Combination on Mucin-1 Protein Expression in Medial Colon of Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infected Mice

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: [email protected]

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The alteration of biochemical parameters leading to organ damage during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice

Journal of Coastal Life Medicine ◽

10.12980/jclm.5.2017j7-128 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 447-450

Author(s):

Sukanya Pattarapo ◽

◽

Kittikarn Kittikarn Ratanavijarn ◽

Voravuth Somsak ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Plasmodium Berghei Anka

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Early Perturbations in Glucose Utilization in Malaria-Infected Murine Erythrocytes, Liver and Brain Observed by Metabolomics

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10070277 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 277

Author(s):

Arjun Sengupta ◽

Soumita Ghosh ◽

Shobhona Sharma ◽

Haripalsingh M. Sonawat

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Malaria Parasite ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Early Infection ◽

Flux Analysis ◽

Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽

Central Carbon ◽

The Brain ◽

Pathway Level

Investigation of glucose utilization during an infection is central to the study of energy metabolism. The heavy utilization of glucose by the malaria parasite, and the consequences of this process, have been investigated extensively. However, host glucose utilization during early infection has not been explored to date. In a first attempt, this article investigates the changes in the host glucose utilization in Balb/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA using 13C-labeled glucose infusion followed by NMR spectroscopy. The results suggested significant alterations of liver, brain and red blood cell (RBC) glucose utilization during early infection when the parasitemia was <1%. At the pathway level, we observed a decrease in the shunt metabolite 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the RBCs. Glycolysis and pathways associated with it, along with fatty acid unsaturation, were altered in the liver. Significant changes were observed in the central carbon metabolic pathways in the brain. These results have implications in understanding the host physiology during early infection and pave the way for detailed flux analysis of the proposed perturbed pathways.

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