Subchronic Toxicity of Lunasin Targeted Extract (ET-Lun) from Soybean Seed (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): Perspective from Liver Histopathology, SGOT, and SGPT Levels in Sprague Dawley Rats

The variation of the seed size in each species and individuals might be from of difference species adaptation for a difference environment. This difference may also arise from the constraints of limited formation of seed size. The use of adaptive ciltivars on the growth environment is very influential on the succes in the farm field. This research was aimed to find the adaptation of phase and size seed of two cultivars of soybeans in Jatinangor and Cikajang. This research was held in Jatinangor (Sumedang regency) and Cikajang (Garut regency) from April to July 2016. The design that used in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD) and Duncan at 5% rate. Improved cultivars that tested in this research were placed at Grobogan and Anjasmoro which were repeated 5 times. The results of experiment showed that adaptation of size seed showed of 100 grains and large seeds. The low temperature condition can increase of variability of seed size. Heterogeneity of environment can not sustain the size of soybean seed. Genetic and environment factors influence significantly for weight of 100 grains and seed size Grobogan in Jatinangor. The weight of 100 grains Grobogan in Jatinangor and Cikajang haved a greater than Anjasmoro. Environmental factors influence yield of soybean, weight of 100 grains of cultivars in Cikajang haved a greater than Jatinangor caused by the seed size.

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EMERGÊNCIA E SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DE SOJA A CAMPO EM RELAÇÃO ÀS PROFUNDIDADES E ÉPOCAS DE SEMEADURA

ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA ◽

10.17224/energagric.2020v35n2p150-157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 150-157

Author(s):

Patrícia Pereira Dias ◽

Saulo Fernando Gomes de Sousa ◽

Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva ◽

Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia ◽

Anderson Ravanny de Andrade Gomes

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Early Stage ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soil Deposition

A PROFUNDIDADE DE SEMEADURA DA SOJA NA PLANTABILIDADE PATRÍCIA PEREIRA DIAS1*, SAULO FERNANDO GOMES DE SOUSA2, PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA3, TIAGO PEREIRA DA SILVA CORREIA4 e ANDERSON RAVANNY DE ANDRADE GOMES5 * Parte do texto foi extraído da tese da autora 1 Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ - Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu - SP, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Agroefetiva, Rua Lourival Ferreira, 11 - Distrito Industrial III, 18608-853, Botucatu - SP, Brasil. [email protected] 3 Departamento de Engenharia Rural e Socioeconomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ - Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu - SP, Brasil. [email protected] 4 Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa - Campos Universitário Darci Ribeiro ICC – Asa Norte, 04508, Brasília - DF, Brasil. [email protected] 5 Faculdade Regional da Bahia, Rodovia AL 220, 3630 - Senador Arnon De Melo - Planalto, Arapiraca – AL, Brasil. [email protected] RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a cultura da soja semeada a campo em diferentes profundidades das sementes e épocas de semeadura e, dessa maneira, saber o quanto esses fatores influenciam a emergência e sobrevivência das plantas. O experimento foi conduzido em dois anos agrícolas, 2015/16 e 2016/17, com sementes de soja cultivar 5D634, na Fazenda Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, Botucatu (SP), Brasil. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 6 × 2, com seis tratamentos referentes às profundidades das sementes na mesma linha de semeadura: 0,02, 0,05 e 0,08 m do nível do solo, e combinação e alternância entre eles: 0,02 e 0,05, 0,02 e 0,08, 0,05 e 0,08 m e duas épocas de semeadura: outubro e novembro, com quatro repetições, totalizando 48 parcelas. Para a análise estatística, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), utilizando o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A perda foi acima de 10% no estande de plantas na semeadura mais profunda (0,08 m), aliada à menor precipitação (outubro/2016), que contribuiu significativamente para esse resultado. Desta forma, a plantabilidade é prejudicada com o erro da profundidade de semeadura, aqui representada pela emergência e sobrevivência de plantas. Palavras-chave: Glycine max L., Plantabilidade, Estande de plantas. THE SOYBEAN SOWING DEPTH IN PLANTABILITY ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was evaluate the sowing of soybean seed with error in soil deposition and different month of sowing. The field experiment was carried out during two years (2015 and 2016) at Fazenda Lageado, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP / Botucatu - SP, Brazil. The plots were randomized blocks in 6 × 2 factorial, six treatments referring to the depth of the seeds in soil: 0.02 (T1); 0.05 (T2 - control) and 0.08 (T3); 0.02 and 0.05 (T4); 0.02 and 0.08 (T5); 0.05 and 0.08 m (T6) and two sowing times: October and November. For statistical analysis the data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Tukey test at 5% probability. The number of plants in early stage decreased by over 10% in the deep seeding (0.08 m), added to the less rainfall (October / 2016) which contributed significantly to this result. Therefore, plantability is damaged by the error of sowing depth, represented here by the emergence and survival of plants. Keywords: Glycine max L., Plantability, Early stage.

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Soybean seed [Glycine max L.] coated by fertile soil-applied sodium bicarbonate at alluvial soil

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/497/1/012039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 497 ◽

pp. 012039

Author(s):

J Jamilah ◽

N Irawan ◽

A S Thesiwati ◽

M Ernita

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Alluvial Soil ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Fertile Soil ◽

Glycine Max L

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Safety Assessment of Ubiquinol Acetate: Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity Studies

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2019/3680757 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Gajanan Deshmukh ◽

Suresh B. Venkataramaiah ◽

Chandrashekar M. Doreswamy ◽

Mohan C. Umesh ◽

Rajesh B. Subbanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biologically Active ◽

High Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Adverse Effect Level ◽

Effect Level ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

In Vitro Genotoxicity

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid soluble, endogenous antioxidant present at highest levels in the heart followed by the kidney and liver. The reduced CoQ10 ubiquinol is well known for its chemical instability and low bioavailability. The present study was designed to synthesize ubiquinol acetate, which is more stable and biologically active, and further evaluate its safety and genotoxic potential. Synthesized ubiquinol acetate showed better stability than that of ubiquinol at the end of 3 months. In vitro genotoxicity studies (AMES test, in vitro micronucleus and chromosomal aberration) showed ubiquinol acetate as nongenotoxic with no clastogenic or aneugenic effects at high dose of 5000 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. In subchronic toxicity study, ubiquinol acetate was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day for 90 days. No treatment related adverse effects were observed in males at 600 mg/kg/day; however, females showed treatment related increase in AST and ALT with small focal irregular white-yellow spots in liver on gross necropsy examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed hepatocellular necrosis in high dose females which was considered as adverse. Based on the results, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of ubiquinol acetate in males and females was determined as 600 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively.

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Subchronic Toxicity of S-111-S-WB in Sprague Dawley Rats

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/1091581810370372 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 358-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jozef J. W. M. Mertens ◽

Daniel W. Sved ◽

Gary B. Marit ◽

Nichole R. Myers ◽

Phil L. Stetson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Steady State ◽

Ammonium Salts ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Steady State Serum ◽

Effect Level

S-111-S-WB, a mixture of perfluoro fatty acid ammonium salts (C6-C13), was administered orally to Crl:CD (SD)IGS-BR rats. Higher hepatic β-oxidation and liver weights with hepatocellular hypertrophy were present at the 0.125 and 0.6 mg/kg/d dosage. The 0.6 mg/kg/d males developed hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. Lower serum protein and higher bilirubin and BUN were seen in the 0.6 mg/kg/d males and lower globulin and higher alkaline phosphatase in the 0.125 mg/kg/d males and 0.6 mg/kg/d animals. After 2 weeks, serum concentrations of pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (C8), heptadecafluorononanoic acid (C9), perfluoroundecanoic acid (C11), and perfluorotridecanoic acid (C13) were constant for at least 8 hours. After 90 days, only C9 in the 0.025 mg/kg/d females had reached steady state. Serum C8 and C9 concentrations in the males were 10-fold higher than in the females, whereas C11 and C13 were similar for both genders. The main elimination was via the urine for C8 (males) and C9 (females), and via the feces for C11 and C13. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was 0.025 mg/kg/d for the males and 0.125 mg/kg/d for the females.

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SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF MALAYSIAN ACALYPHA INDICA: BIOCHEMISTRY AND HAEMATOLOGY ANALYSIS OF RAT

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.8570 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (5-5) ◽

Author(s):

Norazlanshah Hazali ◽

Nurul Nadia Mohd Nazri ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim ◽

Mashita Masri

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Dosage Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

High Dosage Group ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Acalypha Indica

Acalypha indica is one of the medicinal plants that have been used since ages to treat various diseases such as pneumoniae, asthma and skin diseases. This study aimed to explore the subchronic toxicity effect of Acalypha indica on Sprague Dawley rats based on haematological and biochemical parameters. The extract of Acalypha indica was prepared by aqueous extraction technique. 48 Sprague Dawley rats aged 7 weeks, weighing 150-200g were randomly divided into four groups, 6 animals per gender. A control group received water vehicle while three treated groups received the extract at dosage of 100 (low dosage group), 200 (medium dosage group) and 300 (high dosage group) mg/kg body weight. The sample was administered orally by using oral gavage daily for 90 days. No sign of toxicity and mortality was recorded in all groups throughout the study. There were no significant different (p>0.05) in body weight gain, food and water intake between control and treatment group. However, there was significant different in uric acid between control and high dosage group of male and female rats but the mean were in normal range. There were also reduced in mean of urea and creatinine in all dosage group of male and urea for all dosage group of female. Statistically significant reduced in urea was recorded between control and high dosage group of male only. Other parameters showed no significant different between control and treatment groups. Therefore, Acalypha indica is safe for human consumption and might be potential in reducing kidney damage problem.

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Acute and subchronic toxicity of FCD, a soybean extract combined with l-carnitine, in Sprague–Dawley rats

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.11.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 285-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jeong-Hwan Che ◽

Euna Kwon ◽

Seung-Hyun Kim ◽

Ji-Ran You ◽

Bae-Hwan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Soybean Extract

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Effect of phosphorus and sulphur on nutrient and amino acids content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] under ‘Eutrochrepts’

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0i0.8405 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Kumar ◽

Javeed Ahmad Wani ◽

Narinder Panotra ◽

Bilal Ahmad Lone ◽

Sameera Qayoom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Block Design ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Combined Application ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Four Levels ◽

Seed Application ◽

Phosphorus Application

A field experiment was conducted at KVK, Srinagar during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2010 and 2011 to study the “Effect of phosphorus and sulphur on nutrient and amino acids content of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] under Eutrochrepts”. The experiment was laid down under 16 treatment combinations viz four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four levels of sulphur (0, 15, 30, 45 kg S ha-1) in randomized complete block design with three replication . At higher levels of phosphorus application, Zn content of seed decreased and it was maximum at 30 kg P2O5 ha-1. With application of 45 kg S ha-1, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S content in seed was 6.54, 0.555, 1.881, 0.329, 0.434 and 0.501 per cent respectively while as Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn was 109.99, 99.96, 2.82 and 3.73 mg kg-1, respectively. A significant interaction between P and S on macro as well as micronutrient content except Zn in seed was observed. Combined application of phosphorus and sulphur further enhanced the nutrient content of soybean seed. Combined application of phosphorus and sulphur enhanced the crude protein and oil content in soya seed 1. Individual as well as interaction effect of P and S was significant in enhancing the sulphur containing amino acids viz., cystine cystein and methionine content of soybean seed. Combined application of 45 kg S and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded significantly higher carbohydrate content (23.49%) in soybean seed. Application of increasing levels of phosphorus and sulphur resulted in gradual increase in linoleic (Omega-6) and linolenic acid (Omega-3).

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Cocoa Pod Husk Pectin Intended as a Pharmaceutical Excipient Has No Adverse Effects on Haematological Parameters in Sprague Dawley Rats

Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1155/2018/1459849 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ofosua Adi-Dako ◽

Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye ◽

Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia ◽

Jerry Asiedu-Larbi ◽

Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Bilirubin ◽

Natural Polymer ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subchronic Toxicity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Novel Drugs ◽

Cocoa Pod Husk ◽

Polymer Research ◽

Haematological Indices ◽

Haematopoietic System

Natural polymer research has recently become the focus of intensive research in the quest for new enabling excipients for novel drugs in pharmaceutical formulation for optimal treatment outcomes. Evaluations of some excipients have shown deleterious haematological effects of varying extents on the safety profile of these excipients. A 90-day subchronic toxicity study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cocoa pod husk (CPH) pectin on indicators for haematotoxicity. Male and female Sprague Dawley rats (SDRs) were fed with CPH pectin in doses up to 71.4 mg/kg. The effects of CPH pectin on the haematological indices, direct and total bilirubin, and the spleen were determined. The results indicated that CPH pectin did not induce any untoward toxic effects on the haematological indices, bilirubin levels, and the spleen. There were, however, elevations in MCV at day 30, which was not sustained after the 90 days. The data obtained from this study did not reveal any remarkable findings of toxicological relevance to the haematopoietic system.

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