scholarly journals The Concept of Villain in Shakespeare’s Othello

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Alqaryouti ◽  
Ala Sadeq
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
P 75 ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
Psychological Point

The concept of evil has been researched since the Medieval era, leading to the conclusion that human beings have the freedom to choose good from bad, or evil from good. The origin of evil based on the religious teachings is Satan, who is described as the Rebel Angel, as explained by Dante in The Divine Comedy (Alighieri, 1957). Satan tempts human beings into sinning, as revenge against God for placing him in Hell. Based on the psychological point of view developed by Sigmund Freud, the source of evil is id which is distinctive (Freud, 1966). Villain motivations are driven by the tendency of the ego to make realistic decisions about meeting the unrealistic and unreasonable desires by the id. The other aspect that motivates villain actions include jealousy, anger and revenge, as indicated in the play. Shakespeare presents the villain character perfectly in his play Othello (1604) through Iago, whose main focus in life is to destroy others “So will I turn her virtue into pitch And out of her own goodness make the net That shall enmesh them all” (Shakespeare, 1993, p. 99). Through his manipulative skills, he makes the other characters trust him “Iago most honest” (Shakespeare, 1993, p. 75) and then fuel conflicts among them. Iago is motivated by anger, revenge and jealousy to commit the evil acts.

scholarly journals Syllabification of the Divine Comedy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Andrea Asperti ◽  
Stefano Dal Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Assisted Analysis

We provide a syllabification algorithm for the Divine Comedy using techniques from probabilistic and constraint programming. We particularly focus on the synalephe , addressed in terms of the "propensity" of a word to take part in a synalephe with adjacent words. We jointly provide an online vocabulary containing, for each word, information about its syllabification, the location of the tonic accent, and the aforementioned synalephe propensity, on the left and right sides. The algorithm is intrinsically nondeterministic, producing different possible syllabifications for each verse, with different likelihoods; metric constraints relative to accents on the 10th, 4th, and 6th syllables are used to further reduce the solution space. The most likely syllabification is hence returned as output. We believe that this work could be a major milestone for a lot of different investigations. From the point of view of digital humanities it opens new perspectives on computer-assisted analysis of digital sources, comprising automated detection of anomalous and problematic cases, metric clustering of verses and their categorization, or more foundational investigations addressing, e.g., the phonetic roles of consonants and vowels. From the point of view of text processing and deep learning, information about syllabification and the location of accents opens a wide range of exciting perspectives, from the possibility of automatic learning syllabification of words and verses to the improvement of generative models, aware of metric issues, and more respectful of the expected musicality.

scholarly journals Siete voi qui, ser Brunetto?». I volti di Brunetto Latini: rappresentazione e autorappresentazione

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Noemi Ótott
Keyword(s):  
Dante Alighieri ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Republican Rome ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
The Creation

As in portrait (attributed to Giotto) of Brunetto Latini and Dante Alighieri, history has tended to pair the two poets, who were both exiled from their native Florence. The role played by Brunetto Latini in Florence’s history paralleled that of the orator Cicero in Republican Rome and Dante, his student, was Florence’s Virgil. The famous “Brunetto’s Song” (Canto XV of Inferno) has generated many controversies, determined and justified by an uninterrupted and secular reflection. The encounter between the protagonist-traveler and his master has great importance also from the point of view of the creation of The Divine Comedy. But the old florentine intellectual does not only appear in this canto: in fact, he is the author and, at the same time, the protagonist of the famous opera Il Tesoretto, a didactic-allegorical poem written in volgare. In my study I focus on the figure of Brunetto Latini and on his representation by Dante. At first I examine the protagonist Latini: how he appears in the canto and what his part is in The Divine Comedy. Then I concentrate on the author Latini and I try to identify the poet’s voices in the texts and descriptions according to the context.

scholarly journals The Stranger as Friend: The Poetics of Friendship in Homer, Dante, and Boccaccio

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Masciandaro
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maurice Blanchot ◽  
Philosophical Method ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Stranger

The principal aim of this study is to participate in the current renewed discourse on the meaning of friendship, initiated in 1994 by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida with his Politics of Friendship, by combining the philosophical method of inquiry with the hermeneutical approach to poetic representations of friendship in the Iliad, the Divine Comedy, and the Decameron. It examines friendship not only as the unique love between two persons based on familiarity and proximity, but as the love for the one who is far away, the stranger, for this is a natural extension of the implicit love of the distant other, of the other-as-stranger – what Emmanuel Levinas has called "the infinity of the Other" – which is concealed in our friend, and which, in the words of Maurice Blanchot, puts us "authentically in relation" with him or her.

scholarly journals A Psychological Reading of J. D. Salinger’s “For Esme with Love and Squalor”

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Morteza Habibi Nesami ◽  
Asghar Moulavi Nafchi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Relationships ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
A Minor ◽  
War Stories

The 20thcentury has witnessed a plethora of war stories, but among them Salinger’s “For Esme with Love and Squalor,” a minor masterpiece as Paul Alexander calls it, stands out. It also falls among those typical Salingerian child-adult relationships that highlight the non-phony members of society with many things in common distinguishing them from the other so-called normal members of the society. In the current study, characters are studied from a psychological point of view and classified into two major groups by the researchers. The first group and the main focus of the study is the minority of society and the second group relates to the majority or commonality. The minority group includes Salinger’s heroes and protagonists who are later known as psychoneurotic. This first group feels affinity to the children who are far away from the hostility and harshness of adults’ world as, to Salinger, the concept of innocence means being away from the false standards and hypocrisy of the majority of the insensitive society. The researchers try to distinguish between these two groups from different psychological and psychoanalytic aspects. Despite the contrast between these two groups, there are some similarities in their sexual conceptions and psychological adjustment that clarify similarities in traits and responses in the form of adopting different mechanisms to adjust and remove tensions and alleviate anxiety employing the mechanisms Freud calls palliative remedies.

scholarly journals Applications of Mathematics to Medical Problems

1925 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 98-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. M'Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Human Community

In the majority of the processes with which one is concerned in the study of the medical sciences, one has to deal with assemblages of individuals, be they living or be they dead, which become affected according to some characteristic. They may meet and exchange ideas, the meeting may result in the transference of some infectious disease, and so forth. The life of each individual consists of a train of such incidents, one following the other. From another point of view each member of the human community consists of an assemblage of cells. These cells react and interact amongst each other, and each individual lives a life which may be again considered as a succession of events, one following the other. If one thinks of these individuals, be they human beings or be they cells, as moving in all sorts of dimensions, reversibly or irreversibly, continuously or discontinuously, by unit stages or per saltum, then the method of their movement becomes a study in kinetics, and can be approached by the methods ordinarily adopted in the study of such systems.

scholarly journals RETHINKING THE OTHER FOR MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION – FOCUSED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF BUBER AND LEVINAS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungeun Choi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

The number of foreigners residing in Korea exceeded 2.5 million for the first time ever. As the ratio of foreigners to the total population approaches 5%, it is evaluated that Korea has actually entered a multicultural society. It is known that among the types of foreigners staying there are many young foreigners who visit Korea for the purpose of employment. The number of marriage immigrants was 16,025, an increase of 4.3% from the previous year. Of these, 82.6% were women. Entering a multicultural society in a situation where empathy for each other is insufficient can lead to social conflict. In particular, in the COVID-19 pandemic, hostility toward foreigners is more prevalent, and hatred for strangers is increasing. This study critically analyzes these social phenomena and seeks to raise the philosophical basis for multicultural education by establishing a concept with a new perspective on the other. This paper focuses on the philosophy of Buber and Levinas. By establishing 'I and You' as a meeting, Buber presented a new relationship with others. Meanwhile, Levinas emphasized human ethics and responsibility as the absolute and infinite being of the other. According to Buber, in the world there is a relationship between 'I-You' and 'I-It', and in order to live a true life, you must establish a relationship between 'I and you'. The relationship between 'I and it' is a temporary and mechanical relationship where objects can be replaced at any time by looking at the world from an instrumental point of view. However, the relationship between 'I and You' is a relationship that faces each other personally, and the only 'I' that cannot be changed with anything and the 'You' that cannot be replaced exist in deep trust. In phenomenology of otherness, Levinas intends to describe the encounter with the something outside the subject. The concepts of possession, distinctiveness and understanding are replaced by those of approaches, proximity, care and fecundity. In Korean society, a policy that seeks to use foreigners as human resources and, especially in the case of marriage immigrant women, as a solution to a society with low birthrates along with the labor force, shows how society treats others. Therefore, multicultural education must rethink the existence and dignity of human beings through the perspective of the other as asserted in the philosophy of Buber and Levinas.

scholarly journals I. A. Goncharov and Dante: Poetics Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-79
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Divine Comedy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Common Source ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
Part Structure ◽  
Color Scheme

The article is a continuation of our works devoted to I. A. Goncharov's novel trilogy (“Ordinary History”, “Oblomov”, “Cliff ”) and, at the same time, to the traditions of Dante's “Divine Comedy” in this trilogy. We are talking about the similarity of philosophical and theological attitudes (“the deification of man”), which found expression in the poetics of Dante's poem and Goncharov's novels, built into a single work. It is suggested that the early “super-task” of the writer to create a novel trilogy could have been formed under the influence of F. S. Schelling’s article “On Dante from a Philosophical Point of View”, which suggests that every major epoch can reproduce a three-part work in the spirit of the “Divine Comedy”. Especially important, in addition to the three-part structure, is the poetics of light in “Divine Comedy” and Goncharov’s novels — with a weakened attention (and almost complete absence in Goncharov’s works) of the color scheme. This feature of the poetics of the two writers seems to be connected with the deeply embedded theological meaning of their works and a single common source — the Holy Scripture.

scholarly journals ANINAL AS AN ALIEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
HANNA MAMZER
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Equal Rights

The aim of the text is to reflect on defining animals as negative opposites of human beings, that contradict humanistic values and ideals. In a posthuman thought Rossi Braidotti proposes zooegalitarism, aiming at providing animals and humans with equal rights. In cultural human tradition, one can find deeply rooted tendency to oppose humans and animals. Looking at this phenomenon from a humanistic point of view, we can notice that proposed by Lévinas cathegory of the Other, has no application here. To contrary: animal is treated as an alien, and all negative qualities of the alien are automatically assigned to animal as well. What purpose this opposition serves? And what happens if this opposition disappears?

scholarly journals Qualification of Ijtihad: Opinions of the Former Scholars

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (- 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajila Kausar ◽  
Shakeela Kousar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings

Allah Al-Mighty send the human beings in this universe with a complete code of guidance in the form of the Qur’┐n and Sunnah of the Prophet (╗AWS). Both these sources guide different fields of life principally. The commandments of the Qur’┐n and Sunnah are unchangeable. No one can ignore them, but the problems of life are endless. And solution of all these problems cannot be presented in a single book. So, the Shar┘‘ah has introduced the principle of ijtih┐d to resolve all these issues.  Ijtih┐d is not to create something new in religion rather it is to tell the point of view of religion about the newly born problems. But it should also be kept in mind that to perform Ijtih┐d there are certain terms and conditions, which if not fulfilled will spoil the concept of ijtih┐d. These terms and conditions have been discussed and modified time to time. The former Scholars of Isl┐m have a detailed discussion on this topic. The Scholars of present era also have focused this topic and have presented its requirements in the current era but in this paper, the opinions of former scholars are going to be discussed in detail. The opinions of the scholars of present era will be presented in the other paper.

scholarly journals Erkennen und Scham: Sigmund Freuds biblisches Menschenbild

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Heine
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sexual Drive

Sigmund Freud is exposed to two main misunderstandings he himself contributed to. One stands in connection with human beings as Id-driven creatures, particularly with regard to the sexual drive. The other pertains to his view of religion as neurosis. Both overlook the importance Freud attaches to conscience and reason. A closer look at his anthropology shows that there are no contradictions at work, but traits of a biblical image of men.

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