scholarly journals The Correlation between Old and New Linguistic Paradigms: A Literature Review Based on Kuhn’s School of Thoughts

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Hanan Sarhan Alsubaiai
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Program Point ◽  
Qualitative Literature

This study aims to assess the evidence regarding the relationship between previous and new schools of linguistics. According to Kuhn (1970), old linguistic paradigms incorporate vocabulary and apparatus from previous or traditional paradigms. In particular, this review addresses the Question: Do new paradigms in linguistic arise from old or previous ones, as Kuhn suggested? The study is significant in understanding emerging schools of linguistics based on previous ones. A qualitative literature review was applied to compare new and old schools of linguistics. According to the findings, there is substantial evidence that functionalism, structuralism, and Transformational-Generative Grammar support Kuhn's argument. Most notably, the changes of the transformational-generative grammar from a consistent and straightforward Standard Theory to an improved Extended Standard Theory, and finally, to the Minimalist Program, point towards the same conclusion. Interestingly, the transformations demonstrate how new paradigms arise from old paradigms without borrowing many concepts, terms, and experiments from them. This study draws the attention of linguists in the 21st Century to pay closer attention to the trends in schools of linguistics. 

scholarly journals Levels of Representation and Semantic Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-15
Author(s):  
Howard Lasnik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Sentence Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Syntactic Derivation ◽  
Anaphoric Relations

The nature of the relationship between sentence form and meaning has been an important concern in generative grammar from the inception of the program. Chomsky (1955) raised the question of whether transformations preserve meaning. The suggested answer was negative at that time, and the locus of interpretation was the T-marker, the entire derivational history. In the standard theory of Chomsky (1965), it was proposed, based on work of Katz, Fodor, and Postal, that Deep Structure, a level newly proposed in that work, is the locus of semantic interpretation, though it was acknowledged that quantifiers raise certain difficulties. Those difficulties, along with similar ones involving anaphoric relations, led to the Extended Standard Theory, where Deep and Surface Structure jointly input interpretation, and soon, with the advent of traces, Surface Structure alone. In subsequent models within the GB framework, the derived syntactic level of LF becomes the sole locus of interpretation. Finally, in more recent Minimalist Chomskyan work, there is argued to be no one level of LF; rather, semantic interpretation is interspersed among cyclic steps of the syntactic derivation, reminiscent of the LSLT proposal, though more restricted, and very similar to proposals of Jackendoff and Lasnik in the 1970's. I will try to sort through the motivations for these changes, focusing especially on the problem of quantifier interpretation.

Emotional labor: A comprehensive literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Chunjiang Yang ◽  
Aobo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Path Diagram ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Literature ◽  
Development Objective

BACKGROUND: Despite the obvious importance of emotional labor for employees, organizations, and customers, a lack of coherence and clarity around the construct has impeded its development. OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to provide a comprehensive review of emotional labor spanning about 40 years. METHODS: Our study used a qualitative literature review method along with a theoretically derived path diagram of key emotional labor constructs. We also used meta-analysis to explore the relationship between emotional labor and outcomes in different national contexts. RESULTS: We expect our research to expand the field in five different ways. First, we review contemporary theoretical conceptualizations of emotional labor and its dimensions. Second, we summarize seven existing measures of emotional labor in light of their contents. Third, we map the theoretical and nomological network of emotional labor about its antecedents, outcomes, moderators, mediators. Fourth, we use meta-analysis to explore the relationship between emotional labor and other variables in different contexts. Finally, we conclude by showing a detailed future research agenda to bring the field forward from different perspectives, including theoretical and empirical advancement. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our review provides a whole picture of where the literature has been and where it should go.

Electronic and Mobile G2C Services

2013 ◽  
pp. 254-273
Author(s):  
Maria Exarchou ◽  
Paraskevi Karatzika ◽  
Theodora Zarmpou ◽  
Maro Vlachopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
The Relationship

Electronic and mobile government services represent a tremendous impetus to move forward in the 21st Century with the potential to bring about a higher quality and more cost effective services to enhance the relationship between citizens and government. In this chapter, the municipalities’ electronic services provided to citizens are examined based on the literature review and the assessment of their websites. As a result, a typology of electronic and mobile services is proposed. Furthermore, the users’ perspective is inquired in order to depict the awareness, the usage and the attitude of citizens in relation to the electronic and mobile services provided by the municipalities in Northern Greece. Therefore, electronic services are used only by a small percentage of Greek citizens due to lack of awareness and trust in electronic government. Mobile services are regarded to be beneficial, while high cost and lack of network connection seem to be barriers for their usage.

Be or Not Be Online Engaged

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro ◽  
Ricardo Godinho Bilro
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Online Engagement ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Relationship

Relationship marketing is a field of knowledge that emerged in the 1980s. The relationship between online consumers and brands is embedded in the same relationship marketing paradigm but become a significant issue for companies in the 21st century with the proliferation of Web 2.0. In order to give insights about online engagement and the process behind, this chapter aims (1) to conduct a systematic literature review on online stimuli experience, adaptability, e-WOM, positive/negative emotions, memory, and online engagement; (2) to present a comprehensive framework exposing the flow from stimuli to e-WOM on online retail consumers. Findings allow the authors propose online retailer recommendations and suggestions for further research.

Electronic and Mobile G2C Services

2015 ◽  
pp. 782-801
Author(s):  
Maria Exarchou ◽  
Paraskevi Karatzika ◽  
Theodora Zarmpou ◽  
Maro Vlachopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
The Relationship

Electronic and mobile government services represent a tremendous impetus to move forward in the 21st Century with the potential to bring about a higher quality and more cost effective services to enhance the relationship between citizens and government. In this chapter, the municipalities' electronic services provided to citizens are examined based on the literature review and the assessment of their websites. As a result, a typology of electronic and mobile services is proposed. Furthermore, the users' perspective is inquired in order to depict the awareness, the usage and the attitude of citizens in relation to the electronic and mobile services provided by the municipalities in Northern Greece. Therefore, electronic services are used only by a small percentage of Greek citizens due to lack of awareness and trust in electronic government. Mobile services are regarded to be beneficial, while high cost and lack of network connection seem to be barriers for their usage.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

The relationship between disaccharidase deficiencies and irritable bowel syndrome in childre - A literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mora V. Puertolas ◽  
Dianne N. Pagan ◽  
Roberto R. Andino ◽  
Amanda C. Fifi
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

Administrasi Hubungan Sekolah dan Masyarakat (Husemas)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Mayresta
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
School And Community ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the school and the community is the fabric of interaction that the school strives to be accepted in the midst of the community to get aspirations, sympathy from the community. in this article discusses the understanding, principles and techniques of administration of school and community relations. and the process and role of the teacher can be covered in this article. the writing technique in this article is SLR (System Literature Review). it is very important to know what is included in the scope of this administration. Quality communication between schools and the community is the key to determining the success of this PR management. If the relationship between the school and the community runs harmoniously and dynamically, the process of education and teaching in the school is expected to be able to achieve the vision and mission that is planned. Thus the school's output will be more qualified and able to answer the needs and demands of society.

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