scholarly journals Theorizing the Effect of Smog on Public Health in Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Environmental Event ◽  
Alarm Systems

SMOG is a form of horrible air pollution that has recently been declared as a public health emergency in Southeast Asia. This article will talk about the drawback of smog pollution and its outcomes on human health. Smog has become the most important issue for Pakistan, from some past years. Since 2011, nearly all areas of Pakistan especially Lahore has been repeatedly affected by smog. In Many previous types of research, the focus is on Smog and, its source, alarm systems, and safeguard, when a risky Environmental event like smog, the conclusion may be riskier than the event itself will cause if people take irrational actions due to lack of relevant awareness. So, examine people's attitudes and a reaction to smog is theoretically and realistically meaningful. Recent projects of coal as a source of energy, high rates of outpouring from unmonitored industries, a large number of automobiles on roads, play a major role in trends of deforestation to construct new roads and recently the burning of crops leftovers has added fuel to the fire. Vehicles increase by 9% compared to the last five years due to a lack of public transport systems. Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh emit the most hydrocarbons in their fuel emissions compared to SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) countries. As a result of these problems, Pakistan is facing its relatives, losses and various dangerous human diseases.

scholarly journals Environmental Effects of Electromobility in a Sustainable Urban Public Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystian Pietrzak ◽  
Oliwia Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Obvious Effect

This article has taken up an issue concerning the influence of the implementation of electromobility assumptions on reduction of air pollution in cities in terms of sustainable urban transport systems. The essential nature of the subject is confirmed by the following figures: transport is responsible for almost 25% of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe and is the main cause of air pollution in cities, almost 90% of city dwellers in the EU are exposed to levels of air pollutants deemed harmful by the WHO, and approximately 95% of vehicles on European roads still use fossil fuels. Therefore, the implemented transport policy, both in the international and domestic aspect of particular countries, is facing the need to significantly reduce the negative influence of transport on people and the environment. Electromobility has become one of the concepts that makes it possible to achieve this goal. Its main objective is to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the environment by deploying electric vehicles (EVs). Research conducted by the authors showed that public transport, apart from the obvious effect of decreased number of private vehicles and decreased congestion, can contribute to reduced air pollutant emissions and become a significant driver for the implementation of electromobility in cities. However, the achievement of this goal depends on taking appropriate actions not only in the transport branch but also in other sectors of economy. The following research methods were applied in the article: literature analysis, documentary method, case study, and mathematical methods. The research area was the city of Szczecin, Poland.

scholarly journals Back to Basics: Choosing the Appropriate Surface Disinfectant

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Angelica Artasensi ◽  
Sarah Mazzotta ◽  
Laura Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
The Right

From viruses to bacteria, our lives are filled with exposure to germs. In built environments, exposure to infectious microorganisms and their byproducts is clearly linked to human health. In the last year, public health emergency surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic stressed the importance of having good biosafety measures and practices. To prevent infection from spreading and to maintain the barrier, disinfection and hygiene habits are crucial, especially when the microorganism can persist and survive on surfaces. Contaminated surfaces are called fomites and on them, microorganisms can survive even for months. As a consequence, fomites serve as a second reservoir and transfer pathogens between hosts. The knowledge of microorganisms, type of surface, and antimicrobial agent is fundamental to develop the best approach to sanitize fomites and to obtain good disinfection levels. Hence, this review has the purpose to briefly describe the organisms, the kind of risk associated with them, and the main classes of antimicrobials for surfaces, to help choose the right approach to prevent exposure to pathogens.

scholarly journals Feasibility Check of Electrification in Metrobus Line

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Turgay Gucukoglu ◽  
Haluk Sarı ◽  
Koray Erhan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Suitable Solution ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Route Length

<strong>Today, climate change is a significant effect on population growth, especially in big cities. Transport in metropolitan cities is the most important reason for climate change with the contribution of CO<sub>2</sub> pollution that threatens human health and the environment. Electrified transport systems can, therefore, provide a suitable solution to air pollution and health problems. This study investigates the feasibility of applying electric buses to the Metrobus line in Istanbul. Initially, Metrobus line data regarding the number of vehicles, number of stops, route length is gathered from the official Istanbul transportation system to define how much energy is needed for the routes. Then, it is analyzed how to re-charge proposed batteries for the allocation of chargers on the stations where it is applicable. It is observed that the electrification of each line is not possible.</strong>

scholarly journals How to Use Hydrogen in a New Strategy to Mitigate Urban Air Pollution and Preserve Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1007-1015
Author(s):  
Louiza Haddad ◽  
Zeroual Aouachria ◽  
Djamel Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Clean Energy Source

If transport is an essential means for the development of the economy, society and its mobility, it has the drawback of leading to significant atmospheric pollution. As traffic density is very high in large cities, air pollution is amplified by the various means of transport resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels. Urban air pollution is mainly caused by vehicles generating emissions harmful to human health. Our objective of this work is to analyze a strategy to eliminate or reduce the emission of these pollutants (NOx, CO, CO2) during combustion. This strategy aims to explore a clean energy source alternative to fossil fuels. This approach consists of completely replacing the internal combustion scalar with the engine powered by fuel cells using hydrogen. This motivates decision makers to choose hydrogen as an alternative fuel to protect the urban environment and the health human from air pollution. This study shows that it is possible to perfectly mitigate pollutants from urban transport systems by using a PEMFC as an alternative clean energy source. Analyze a strategy to eliminate or reduce the emissions of these pollutants (NOx, CO, CO2) during the combustion of full fossil fuel in vehicle engines. This strategy aims to exploit the energy vector represented by hydrogen in order to save human life in more populated areas and protect the environment. The pressure, temperature and concentration of each species (O2, H2 and H2O) are obtained from the resolution of the electrochemical model coupled to the dynamic model, which we do not present here.

Air Pollution-A Public Health Emergency: Time to action

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Jugal Kishore ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Public Health Emergency

scholarly journals Cause-effect relationship between air quality and public health in the city of Novi Sad based on the DPSEEA model

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-113
Author(s):  
Emina Kričković
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The City

Introduction/purpose: The research subject in this article is the status of the air quality in the city of Novi Sad and its impact on the health of the population. The relation between these two points will be presented using the DPSEEA model. The research aim of this article is to apply proper measures in order to mitigate negative effects on human health, based on scientific knowledge related to air quality influence on the health of the Novi Sad population. The basic hypothesis of this research implies that air quality affects Novi Sad's population health. Methods: The following methods were used in this article: modeling, analysis-synthesis, statistic method, classification method, combining method, geographic-ecological method, method ofgeographic-medical description, method of the medical geography forecast as well as cartographic method. Results: Based on the DPSEEA model and the example of the air pollution in the city of Novi Sad, the following was identified: air pollution driving forces, pressures, state of the air quality, population exposure to air pollution, effects on human health as well as measures and actions that should be conducted. The mentioned model was also used to present the relationship between these segments. Conclusion: The given model deals with a wide spectrum ofpotential forces (harmful effects) and necessary community actions, bringing together professionals, people in the field and those from laboratories as well as managers in the area of environment and public health management, in order to tackle emerging problems in a comprehensive manner.

scholarly journals The CO2 and PM2.5 levels in Downtown Vancouver at peak (5 p.m.) and off-peak (12 a.m.) hours

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguz Erel ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Median Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Co2 Levels

  The effects of air pollution and global warming on human health have reached a dangerous level and this situation has become a critical environmental concern all over the world. The aim of the study was to explore levels of PM2.5 and CO2 emitted from the combustion engines of the road vehicles. The reason for choosing PM2.5 as one of the variables in this study is that it easily penetrates the lungs alveoli and is transmitted to other body organs by blood circulation. Exposure to PM2.5 from a few hours to a few weeks can cause serious cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including death. The longer the exposure, the higher the risk for cardiovascular mortality. On the other hand, decrease in PM2.5 levels reduces cardiovascular mortality. Studies also show that PM2.5 is associated with diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure. The reason for choosing CO2 was its being as one of the six greenhouse gases leading to the climate change or global warming that threatens human health all over the world. Traffic emissions are the major source for both PM2.5 and CO2. That is why to understand the extent of the PM2.5 and the CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning and thus their impact on human life is important. Studies show that while air pollution is high during peak hours, it is lower during off-peak hours. Moving from this fact, the discrepancies between peak and off-peak hours readings of the PM2.5 and CO2 levels, which were measured in Vancouver Downtown during 30 consecutive days, were observed. Air particulates PM2.5 were measured with the Dust Trak aerosol monitor and CO2 levels with Q Trak monitor. Results showed a statistically significant difference in the median concentration of PM2.5 between 5 p.m. and 12 a.m. (p=0.018). However there was no statistically significant difference in the median concentration of CO2 between 5 p.m. and 12 a.m. (p=0.84). Measures to reduce air pollution, particularly through reducing PM2.5 and CO2 levels, especially in urban settings, can help reduce the risks of global warming (CO2 effect) and have positive effect on public health issues by preventing or reducing the risks of occurrence of many diseases, and their fatal consequences in some instances, caused or triggered by exposure to air pollution. Both national governments and international agencies should support the scientific research the results of which will inform the public health policies and regulations that will promote cleaner air and thus healthier societies by both implementing some enforcement measures and educating the public on the risks of air pollution and global warming and the relevant and available remedies. This study has been carried out to contribute to the efforts made to this end.  

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