scholarly journals The Perceptions of Professional Nurses Regarding the Performance of Cervical Cancer Screening, in Makhuduthamaga Sub-district, Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Coshiwe Matildah Makunyane
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Screening Services ◽  
Professional Nurses ◽  
Related Mortality

Cervical cancer is regarded as the most common diagnosed type of cancer and resulting in high cancer related mortality amongst women. Cervical cancer related mortality rate is a serious challenge in Africa as compared to other countries, which needs a high collaborative approach amongst all health professionals. However, the higher incidence and death rate of cervical cancer implies that, high need of cervical cancer screening measures are necessary. A qualitative, descriptive approach was conducted through focus group discussions to establish perceptions of professional nurses regarding the provision of cervical cancer screening services in clinics. Challenges regarding the provision of cervical cancer services in clinics were raised by professional nurses during interviews. Verbatim data was collected by using interview guides and analyzed using Tesch’s 8-step approach in the coding process. Perceptions such as cultural beliefs, lack of resources for conduction of cervical cancer screening and transportation of Pap smear specimens and results, inadequate provision of information and pap smear results to clients were raised by professional nurses as contributing to cervical cancer uptake. Lack of standardized cervical cancer screening training thus leading to professional nurses not being sure of their performance regarding the provision of cervical cancer screening services were also stated by participants as challenges influencing uptake of cervical cancer screening. However, lack of standardized training about cervical cancer screening was found to be affecting the performance on provision of cervical screening services. A need for standardized cervical cancer screening training for all professional nurses is recommended.

scholarly journals Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services among Women in Vhembe District, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-463
Author(s):  
Elisa N. Vhuromu ◽  
Daniel T. Goon ◽  
Maria S. Maputle ◽  
Rachel T. Lebese ◽  
Benedine U. Okafor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Services ◽  
Vhembe District

Aim:Screening for early detection and treatment of cervical cancer is a cornerstone of prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness in women about the utilization of cervical cancer screening services in Vhembe District, South Africa.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved a random selection of 500 women aged 20-59 years in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data was collectedviaa self-structured questionnaire on the demographic variables, provision, utilization and awareness of cervical cancer screening services.Results:The majority of the participants agreed to have cervical cancer screening services in their clinics (79.2%), and never had a Pap smear (58.6%). Most women would not go for cervical cancer screening, mainly because of a lack of facilities (30.0%), fear of pain (24.4%), and embarrassment (15.2%). Most participants indicated that Pap smear test meant scraping the cervix to detect abnormal cancerous cells (39.2%) and 34.2% did not know a Pap smear. Majority of the participants indicated Pap smears should be done every 10 years (65.8%); Pap smears could detect cervical cancer earlier (66.8%), and had heard about cervical cancer (71.6%). The majority of the participants considered cervical cancer as a serious problem to warrant considerable attention (59.4%); and some perceived cervical cancer as transmittable through multiple sexual partners (22.2%). The majority of the participants were aware of a vaccine against cervical cancer for girls at school (69.0%), and it was indicated that government should use health education to encourage women to attend cervical screening services (51.6%).Conclusion:Despite the free availability of cervical cancer screening services and awareness, the utilization of cervical cancer screening services is low. There is a need to intensify cervical screening health talks and campaigns, and to provide alternative accessible options for screening services for women in rural areas.

'Have a Pap smear!' – doctors, their clients, and opportunistic cervical cancer screening

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Chingang ◽  
U Bischof ◽  
G Andall-Brereton ◽  
O Razum
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
High Incidence

In many middle-income countries with a high incidence of cervical cancer, organized screening programmes with the Pap test are being planned. We assessed the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, cervical screening among 63 doctors and 102 randomly selected community members in Trinidad where screening is still opportunistic. Doctors were well informed about cervical cancer, but not all knew the approximate specificity of the Pap test. Many did not routinely discuss the benefits and disadvantages of screening with their clients. Most women had heard of the Pap test, but only 56% knew its purpose; 25% would not participate in screening, stating reasons such as being in menopause or not having symptoms. More information about the aim of screening and the purpose of the Pap test must be communicated. Doctors need to keep their knowledge on screening up-to-date, and offer counselling that helps women to make an informed decision whether or not to participate in screening.

scholarly journals Barriers to Under-Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services and Practices Among Asian Immigrant Women in Canada : A Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Kieu Giang Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Physician Education ◽  
Asian Immigrant ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Screening Services

This paper was among the first to critically examine literature on factors that impede Southeast Asian immigrant women's access and utilization of cervical cancer screening services. 46 articles examining Southeast Asian women and their utilization of Pap testing were analyzed using the core concepts of the Health Belief Model. Individual perceptions, (i.e. Asian cultural beliefs and traditions), and cues to action (i.e. physician recommendations) were most influencing on Southeast Asian immigrant women's participation of cervical cancer screening services. Proposed recommendations from reviewed literature were examined, addressing solutions that can potentially minimize these factors. Providing Asian immigrant women with culturally and linguistically appropriate education materials, and increased physician education were the most frequent recommendations proposed in the literature. More field research is needed in this area, including the development of culturally-sensitive interventions and strategies for enhancing Southeast Asian women's participation in cervical cancer screening.

scholarly journals Intimate Stories: Aboriginal Women’s Lived Experiences of Health Services in Northern British Columbia and the Potential of Creative Arts to Raise Awareness About HPV, Cervical Cancer, and Screening

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia L. Russell ◽  
Sarah De Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Sexual Health Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Screening Services

Guided by feminist and community-based participatory methodologies and by efforts to decolonize health research practices, and undertaken with qualitative research methods (interviews, open-ended questionnaires, and analysis of arts-based expressions like storytelling, journaling, and picture-making), this research identified challenges and barriers that (predominantly Aboriginal) women in northern British Columbia faced when trying to access sexual health care services related to HPV and cervical cancer screening. The research also examined the possible effectiveness of creative or arts-based strategies to promote cervical health and screening awareness among young and/or traditionally underserved or marginalized women. We review findings from data gathered over six months during multiple interactions with 22 women from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds. Results confirm that ethnicity, finances, and formal education are determinants in women’s awareness about, access to, and use of cervical screening services, and that experiences of gendered victimization, feelings of disempowerment, and life circumstances all influenced women’s comfort levels with, access to, and use of cervical cancer screening services.

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitude of Women towards Cervical Cancer Screening in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
J. O. Egede ◽  
L. O. Ajah ◽  
U. M. Agwu ◽  
M. I. Ajah ◽  
F. O. Edegbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Services

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer screening has significantly contributed to the detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix and prevention of the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. In the developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa where the burden of cervical cancer is highest, the high-risk population may not know the screening schedules or be able to pay for the services, and so fail to benefit. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of awareness of cervical cancer screening schedule and willingness to pay for cervical screening services among women in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria. METHOD: The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based and the population comprised 800 participants who came for free cervical cancer screening at well women centre, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki between January and December 2017. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Sciences version 20.0. RESULT: Of the 756 (94.5%) questionnaires analyzed, the mean age was 41.4 years, modal parity 4; 83.6% had prior knowledge of cervical cancer while 81.0% knew that cervical cancer screening is a diagnostic tool. Surprisingly, only 32% of those aware of cervical cancer had previously done cervical cancer screening, while 10.8% knew the interval for cervical cancer screening. On screening for cervical cancer in future, 89.2% of the respondents were willing to repeat the test while 54.2% would be willing to pay for the screening services. Being 40 years of age or less, married, educated, of high socio-economic class and having first sexual intercourse at 18 years or less were associated with willingness to pay for screening. CONCLUSION: Although the knowledge of cervical cancer is high, cervical cancer screening uptake is low, many women are aware of the interval for cervical cancer screening, and many will not be willing to pay for cervical cancer screening out of their pockets. 

scholarly journals Women’s perceived susceptibility to and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services in Malawi

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Y. Hami ◽  
Valerie J. Ehlers ◽  
Dirk M. Van der Wal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Screening Services

Background: Malawi provides cervical cancer screening services free of charge at some public health facilities. Few women make use of these cancer screening services in Malawi and many women continue to be diagnosed with cervical cancer only during the late inoperable stages of the condition. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to discover whether the perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, amongst Malawian women aged 42 and older, influenced their intentions to utilise the available free cervical cancer screening services.Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted. Structured interviews were conducted with 381 women who visited 3 health centres in the Blantyre District of Malawi.Results: A statistically-significant association existed between women’s intentions to be screened for cervical cancer and their knowledge about cervical cancer (X² = 8.9; df = 1; p = 0.003) and with having heard about HPV infection (X² = 4.2; df = 1; p = 0.041) at the 5% significance level. Cervical cancer screening services are provided free of charge in government health institutions in Malawi. Nevertheless, low perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer amongst women, aged 42 and older, might contribute to limited utilisation of cervical screening services, explaining why 80% of cervical cancer patients in Malawi were diagnosed during the late inoperable stages.Conclusion: Malawian women lacked awareness regarding their susceptibility to cervical cancer and required information about the available cervical cancer screening services. Malawi’s women, aged 42 and older, must be informed about the advantages of cervical cancer screening and about the importance of effective treatment if an early diagnosis has been made. Women aged 42 and older rarely attend antenatal, post-natal, well baby or family-planning clinics, where health education about cervical cancer screening is often provided. Consequently, these women aged 42 and older should be informed about cervical screening tests when they utilise any health services.Vroue se vermeende vatbaarheid en benutting van servikale kanker dienste in Malawi Agtergrond: Malawi verskaf gratis servikale kanker siftings dienste by sommige openbare gesondheids instansies. Min vrouens maak gebruik van die kanker siftings dienste in Malawi en baie vrouens word steeds gediagnoseer met servikale kanker tydens die laat onopereerbare fases van die toestand.Doelwitte: Die doel van die studie was was om te bepaal of Malawiese vrouens wat 42 en ouer is se waargenome vatbaarheid vir servikale kanker hulle beïnvleod om beskikbare gratis servikale siftingsdienste te gebruik. ’n Kwantitatiwe, deursnee beskrywende navorsingsontwerp was gekies.Metode: Gestruktureerde onderhoude is met 381 vrouens gevoer wat drie gesondheidsdiensentrums in die Blantyre Distrik van Malawi besoek het.Resultate: ’n Statistiese beduidende verhouding het bestaan tussen vrouens se voornemens om vir servikale kanker getoets te word en hulle kennis oor servikale kanker (X² = 8.9; df = 1; p = 0.003) en dat hulle al gehoor het van MPV infeksies (X² = 4.2; df = 1; p = 0.041) op die 5% vlak van beduidenis. Servikale kanker siftingsdienste is gratis beskikbaar in openbare gesondheidsdiensinrigtings in Malawi. Desnieteenstaande was daar ’n lae waargenome risiko van servikale kanker onder vrouens wat 42 jaar oud en ouer was en dit het bygedra tot die beperkte benutting van siftingsdienste, wat verduidelik waarom 80% van servikale kankergevalle in Malawi gedurende die laat onopereerbare fases gediagnoseer is.Gevolgtrekkings: Malawiese vrouens was onbewus van hulle vatbaarheid vir servikale kanker en het inligting benodig oor servikale kanker siftingsdienste. Malawi se vrouens wat 42 jaar oud en ouer is, moet ingelig word aangaande die voordele van servikale sifting en die belangrikheid van effektiewe behandeling indien ’n vroë diagnose gemaak is. Vrouens van 42 of ouer benut selde voorgeboorte, nageboorte gesonde baba, of gesinsbeplanningsklinieke waar voorliging aangaande servickale kanker verskaf word. Gevolglik behoort die vrouens ingelig te word oor servikale siftingstoetse wanneer hulle enige gesondheidsdienste benut.

scholarly journals Raman spectroscopy for cytopathology of exfoliated cervical cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Ramos ◽  
A. D. Meade ◽  
O. Ibrahim ◽  
H. J. Byrne ◽  
M. McMenamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide but mortality can be decreased by early detection of pre-malignant lesions. The Pap smear test is the most commonly used method in cervical cancer screening programmes. Although specificity is high for this test, it is widely acknowledged that sensitivity can be poor mainly due to the subjective nature of the test. There is a need for new objective tests for the early detection of pre-malignant cervical lesions. Over the past two decades, Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a promising new technology for cancer screening and diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Raman spectroscopy for cervical cancer screening using both Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) classification terminology. ThinPrep® Pap samples were recruited from a cervical screening population. Raman spectra were recorded from single cell nuclei and subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Normal and abnormal ThinPrep® samples were discriminated based on the biochemical fingerprint of the cells using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Principal Component Analysis – Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) was employed to build classification models based on either CIN or SIL terminology. This study has shown that Raman spectroscopy can be successfully applied to the study of routine cervical cytology samples from a cervical screening programme and that the use of CIN terminology resulted in improved sensitivity for high grade cases.

Barriers to cervical cancer screening in rural Mexico

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Watkins ◽  
C. Gabali ◽  
M. Winkleby ◽  
E. Gaona ◽  
S. Lebaron
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Cervical cancer is a major health problem in Mexico. The national mortality rate due to cervical cancer was estimated at 21.8 per 100,000 among women over 15 years of age in 1994. Reasons for this high prevalence have not been defined, although it may be influenced by lack of access to health care, lack of knowledge about the Pap procedure, or cultural beliefs. While some studies have examined barriers to Pap screening, most have focused on urban samples. We conducted a pilot study using direct interviews to learn about factors that may influence cervical cancer screening among rural Mexican women. We interviewed 97 rural women between the ages of 16 and 66 and found that 52% had not received a Pap smear within the last 2 years (of that group, 62% had never received a Pap smear). In our sample, the most frequent reason for not obtaining a Pap smear was anxiety regarding physical privacy (50%). Less frequent reasons were lack of knowledge (18%) and difficulty accessing health care (14%). Women who had delivered children were significantly more likely to have received a Pap smear (71%) than women who had no children (10%), P < 0.05. The responses of many women suggest that compliance with cervical cancer screening would be enhanced by addressing cultural beliefs, encouraging conversations about women's health issues, and increasing the number of female health care providers.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening Among Migrant Workers: A Summary of Recorded Data From A Medical Center in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Beuy Joob ◽  
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Recorded Data

The screening of cancer is important in secondary prevention in clinical oncology. The cervical cancer screening by pelvic examination and Pap smear test is the standard practice worldwide. However, the coverage of the screening is an important consideration in public health. Some specific vulnerable populations are considered to have a low chance of having access to health care services including cancer screening. Here, the authors summarize and present data on cervical cancer screening among migrant workers from a health care center in Bangkok, Thailand. Recorded data on cervical cancer screening in a 1 year period (2018) were reviewed. During this period, there were 1456 cervical screening records. Of these records, 1398 were local Thai and 58 were migrant workers (50 Myanmar workers and 8 Cambodian workers). In our screening, there was no detection of cancer among local Thai females (0 %), however, 2 cases of abnormal cervical cancer screening results (CIN) were found among migrant workers (3.45 %). The incidence of a positive finding was significantly higher among migrant workers than local females. Of interest, migrant workers are an underprivileged group that usually receive limited health cancer services. In fact, migrant workers are limited to receive health screening as a worldwide problem [1, 2]. The low rate of getting cancer screening is well described among migrant workers in the EU [2]. Promoting the care in all clinical aspects and not only cancer screening, is suggested for the migrant workers. Finally, according to our knowledge, this is the first note on the incidence of abnormal pap smear results among migrant Asian workers in Southeast Asia

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