scholarly journals Remuneration Committees’ Gender Composition as a Determinant of Executive Board Compensation Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Job Borrenbergs ◽  
Rui Vieira ◽  
Georgios Georgakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Inequality Aversion ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between the gender composition of firms’ remuneration committees and the relative weight of variable monetary compensation in these firms’ top executives’ compensation packages. Previous archival research into executive compensation has mainly relied on agency theory, managerial power theory and tournament models to construct its theoretical frameworks. However, both psychological and corporate governance-related research concerning gender differences in, for instance, risk- and inequality-aversion, suggest that the gender variable should be included in the academic debate on executive compensation.Controlling for size, industry, and corporate governance variables, this paper uses simple least squares analysis to regress measures of the relative weight of variable compensation against measures of female presence in remuneration committees, in a sample of 25 806 fiscal year/executive combinations. This regression is repeated in a multilevel model that controls for firm fixed effects in a sample of 9048 fiscal year / executive combinations. The results indicate that a female presence in the remuneration committee is negatively associated with the relative weight of the annual bonus in top executives’ compensation contracts.

scholarly journals European deposit insurance scheme and bank board composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4, Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 246-256
Author(s):  
Francesca Arnaboldi ◽  
Vincenzo Capizzi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Deposit Insurance ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
European Level ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
And Gender

This paper investigates whether bank corporate governance can play a role in the aggregate risk score assigned to individual banks by regulators. We exploit regulatory changes at the European level and a fixed-effects model to reduce endogeneity issues. We contribute to the existing literature on bank corporate governance by showing that board age significantly increases bank risk. This may indicate that boards formed by older members are more entrenched and can also be less dynamic. Board size and gender composition of the board are risk-neutral.

How to deal with policy uncertainty to attain sustainable growth: the role of corporate governance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahsan ◽  
Sultan Sikandar Mirza ◽  
Bakr Al-Gamrh ◽  
Chai Bin-Feng ◽  
Zia-Ur-Rehman Rao
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Concentrated Ownership ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating impact of corporate governance (CG) on the relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and the sustainable growth (SG) of Chinese firms. Design/methodology/approach The study collects data of 975 Chinese non-financial listed firms for the period from 2010 to 2017. The study measures SG using a comprehensive index based on nine financial indicators and applies industry and year fixed effects regression to investigate the direct and moderating impact of CG on the relationship between EPU and SG of Chinese firms. Findings The results of the study explain that EPU negatively affects SG, while concentrated ownership, board independence and board gender diversity (BGD) positively contribute to the SG of the Chinese firms. The results also explain that concentrated ownership and BGD reduce the negative impact of EPU on the SG of the Chinese firms. Research limitations/implications The study considers only non-financial firms; therefore, the results of this study cannot be generalized for financial firms. Future research can be carried out while considering financial firms as a unit of analysis. Practical implications The investigation of the negative impact of policy uncertainty on SG is essential for the government and policymakers to devise policies to reduce uncertainty. The investigation of the moderating effect of CG enriches the literature on corporates’ response to policy uncertainty. It provides valuable insights for corporates regarding CG mechanisms to attain SG. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the moderating impact of CG on the SG of Chinese firms using an index-based measurement of SG.

The relationship between managerial entrenchment and accounting conservatism

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-631
Author(s):  
Mahdi Salehi ◽  
Ebrahim Ghanbari ◽  
Saleh Orfizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Conservatism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Entrenchment ◽  
Conservative Accounting ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to assess the relationship between managerial entrenchment and accounting conservatism in Iran. Design/methodology/approach To test hypotheses, all listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2013–2018 (six years) that qualified were selected. Given the defined limitations of the study, a total of 120 firms with 720 year-observations was selected. After collecting data and figures, they were analyzed using EViews software. Having presented the inferential model tests, the panel data with fixed effects model is chosen. Findings The study results indicate a positive and significant relationship between managerial entrenchment and unconditional conservatism presented in the income statement. Moreover, the authors find a meaningful relationship between managerial entrenchment and unconditional conservatism about the balance sheet. Practical implications Managers will be more aware of the positive consequences of employment optimal corporate governance such as conservative accounting. Such corporate governance is likely to serve their interest in the long run by providing positive signals to the equity owners and board of directors. Originality/value By assessing conservatism’s literature in Iran, we observe many studies on this concept. Still, no investigation is carried out on the relationship between conservatism in accounting and managerial entrenchment. The present study is innovative because it evaluates the relationship between managerial entrenchment and two types of conservatism, namely, balance sheet and income statement conservatism, which have never been investigated by prior studies, notably in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Culture, corporate governance and analysts forecast in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effiezal Aswadi Abdul Wahab ◽  
Anwar Allah Pitchay ◽  
Ruhani Ali
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Estimate System

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Bumiputra (in reference to Malay indigenous race) directors, a proxy for culture and analysts forecast. In addition, the study investigates whether corporate governance affects that relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The sample of this study is based on 664 firm-year observations from 193 firms during the 1999-2009 periods. The authors employ a panel least square regression with both period and industry fixed effects. The authors retrieved of analyst data from the Institutional Broker Estimate System (I/B/E/S) database while the authors hand collected the corporate governance variables. The remaining data were collected from Compustat Global. Findings – The authors find a positive relationship between the proxy of culture, Bumiputra directors and analysts forecast error suggesting that cultural values influences the level of information in the Malaysian capital market. Research limitations/implications – The research is dependent on the data availability from I/B/E/S database. Originality/value – The authors extend the work of Haniffa and Cooke (2002) in investigating how cultural values influence the capital market. In addition, this is the first study that investigates culture values and the analysts forecast.

scholarly journals The impact of corporate governance on market capitalization: evidence from Bahrain bourse

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneer Mohamed Saeed Al Mubarak ◽  
Allam Mohammed Mousa Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Our study is based on the “Agency Theory”, as it interprets the relationship between corporate governance and market capitalization of firms listed in Bahrain Bourse (BB). Longitudinal data is used in this study from 36 listed firms in Bahrain Bourse during the period of 2009-2013. A set of econometric methods, including the fixed effects method, is used to overcome different measurement problems of such relationship. The study findings include a set of results that are related to effect of ownership structure and board of directors’ characteristics on market capitalization of firms. Based on these findings, a set of recommendations, along with study limitations and future research, are put forward.

scholarly journals Reaffirming the importance of managerial discretion in corporate governance: a comment on Andersen (2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Salman Haj Youssef ◽  
Da Teng
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Theoretical View ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to refute the work of Andersen (2017) by suggesting a different theoretical view and to argue that the concept of managerial discretion is one of the core dimensions that cannot be discarded when studying corporate governance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses theoretical frameworks from recent literature, definitions and empirical studies on the concept of managerial discretion and corporate governance.FindingsSeveral studies have empirically tested and measured the concept of managerial discretion, some have provided validity and reliability of the concept and others have showed the direct impact of discretion on firm performance.Practical implicationsResearch on managerial discretion provides owners and board of directors a clear advice on how much discretion can be granted to top executives by taking into consideration the different dimensions of the external and internal environment.Originality/valueThis paper concludes that corporate governance research will not improve if it abandons the concept of managerial discretion.

Alternative regulatory policies, compliance and corporate governance quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujkan Bajra ◽  
Simon Čadež
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Corporate Governance Quality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the evolution of corporate compliance with the eighth Company Law Directive (CLD) over time, the relationship between the degree of compliance with the eighth CLD and corporate governance quality (CGQ), and the relative effect of compliance with the eighth CLD and Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) on CGQ. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses are tested on a sample of EU firms that are cross listed in the EU and the USA and, thus, subject to both EU and US legislation, using fixed effects panel regression analysis. Findings The authors find that compliance levels with the eighth CLD are increasing over time, yet they vary considerably across constituent provisions. The authors also find that higher compliance is positively related to CGQ, although the effect size is higher for compliance with the eighth CLD than for compliance with SOX. Originality/value This study is original from many perspectives. Unlike most prior studies, which rely on binary variables to represent the constructs appraised in this study, novel and advanced measures of compliance and CGQ are constructed. Next, this study examines EU firms that have received very little research interest compared to US firms. Third, in an innovative approach, the authors appraise the relationship between the degree of compliance and CGQ longitudinally at both the aggregate and the constituent provision levels.

scholarly journals Environmental Performance of the Tourism Sector from a Gender Diversity Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8834
Author(s):  
Yakira Fernández-Torres ◽  
Milagros Gutiérrez-Fernández ◽  
Clara Gallego-Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
The Relationship

The tourism sector is a driver of economic development characterised by its environmental impact. It is a prevalent part of the 2030 Agenda, given its potential to help meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). At the same time, board gender diversity is considered essential for companies to implement environmentally sustainable initiatives. However, analysis of the relationship between the role of women on boards and environmental performance has been neglected in the tourism literature. This paper adopts a novel approach to the study of this sector by analysing the relationship between gender diversity on the board of directors and companies’ environmental practices. A fixed effects model is estimated using an international sample of 120 listed tourism companies for the period 2002 to 2019. The results show that boards that are more gender diverse and have a greater female presence are associated with poorer environmental performance and a weaker implementation of policies and practices to reduce resource use and emissions. However, board gender diversity aids performance in environmental innovation.

scholarly journals The influence of national culture on the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management,

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (86) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Caroline Keidann Soschinski ◽  
Darclê Costa Silva Haussmann ◽  
Danrlei Anderson Peyerl ◽  
Roberto Carlos Klann
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of the dimensions of national culture on the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and earnings management (EM). There is evidence that in certain cultural contexts CG mechanisms appear to be ineffective in minimizing EM. Studies on governance and its influence on accounting information quality can help market participants make better decisions. It is important to include the cultural context in this relationship as it sheds light on an aspect that has hardly been explored in the research, which can improve the informational environment of organizations. In practical terms, the results may contribute to organizations paying more attention to the cultural influence of countries when implementing or improving their governance mechanisms, with the aim of making them more effective in aligning interests and monitoring behaviors in organizations. Moreover, market participants may require alterations in these mechanisms in more individualistic and indulgent cultural contexts. The sample was composed of 18,707 observations of companies located in 24 countries belonging to the G20 group, covering 2010 to 2017. The data were operationalized using a multiple linear regression, with robust standard errors and controls for sector and year fixed effects, using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. The premise that CG can minimize EM was confirmed in this research, except in individualistic and indulgent countries. In these cultural contexts, governance mechanisms tend to be ineffective in minimizing EM. These results contribute to the literature by highlighting that the culture of countries can impact the effectiveness of CG in mitigating opportunistic practices, which explains the ambiguous results of previous research.

scholarly journals Political connections, corporate governance, and tax aggressiveness in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effiezal Aswadi Abdul Wahab ◽  
Akmalia M. Ariff ◽  
Marziana Madah Marzuki ◽  
Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Aggressiveness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between political connections and corporate tax aggressiveness in Malaysia. In addition, this paper investigates the relationship between corporate governance variables and corporate tax aggressiveness. Next, the study investigates the mitigating role of corporate governance in the relationship between political connections and corporate tax aggressiveness. Design/methodology/approach The sample of this study is based on 2,538 firm-year observations during the 2000-2009 periods. This study employs a panel least square regression with both period and industry fixed effects. The study retrieved the corporate governance variables from the downloaded annual reports, whilst the remaining data were collected from Compustat Global. Findings This study finds that politically connected firms are more tax aggressive than non-connected firms. Furthermore, the study finds that large board size decreases the likelihood of tax aggressiveness and a non-linear relationship exists between institutional ownership and tax aggressiveness suggesting increase in monitoring as the ownership increases. However, the study finds no evidence to suggest that corporate governance mitigates the influence of political connections in promoting tax aggressiveness behavior. The findings suggest that the impact of political connections could outweigh the benefits of changes in corporate governance in Malaysia. Research limitations/implications The data are not recent, but it reflects a rather longitudinal research period. Originality/value This paper extends the literature of tax research in Malaysia which is in its’ infancy stage. Furthermore, it investigates the role of political connections in tax-planning research.

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