scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Tithonia diversifolia Extracts on Biochemical Parameters and Growth of Vigna unguiculata

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope A. OYENIYI ◽  
Oludele O. ODEKANYIN ◽  
Adenike KUKU ◽  
Olutobi O. OTUSANYA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Significant Difference

Allelopathy has gained much attention in recent times in the sustainable agricultural systems. Allelochemicals released by different plants interact differently with each other, it therefore becomes imperative to study the possible biochemical processes underlying the allelopathy of some plants on other plants. In the present study, investigation was carried out on the phytochemical composition of aqueous and methanolic extracts of <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> and their allelopathic effect on the growth of <em>Vigna unguiculata</em>. Phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids in the methanolic extract, and in addition anthraquinones and saponins in the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract was found to be more phytotoxic than the aqueous extract; and the seed germination and seedling growth inhibition was concentration dependent. Both the methanolic and aqueous extracts increased significantly the concentration of proline and the level of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in <em>Vigna unguiculata,</em> while protein concentration and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced. There was however no significant difference in the amount of total soluble sugar. Cytological examination of the root tips of <em>Allium cepa</em> treated with both extracts showed no disparity in mitotic index and there was no chromosomal aberration. The study concluded that the extracts of <em>T. diversifolia</em> affected the seed germination and growth of <em>Vigna unguiculata</em>.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Chrysanthemum Procumentens on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Kemi Akinwunmi ◽  
Esther Odunsi ◽  
Chizi Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

The present study was undertaken to assess the allelopathic effect of Chrysanthemum procumentens in relation to germination and growth of bean seedling. C. procumentens reduced germination and suppressed early seedling growth of beans. With increase in extract concentration from 20 mg ml-1 to 60 mg ml-1, a gradual decrease in seed germination evaluated by reduction in the concentration of biomolecules such as total protein, total soluble sugar and amylase activities; and increase in the activities of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, Lipases and Arginase occurred. The longest seedling root and shoot lengths were recorded on day 1 at 20 mg ml-1 extract concentration while the shortest seedling root and shoot length were recorded on day 6 at 80 mg ml-1 extract concentrations. It was noted that the reduction in germination and suppression of seedling growth observed in this study were concentration and time dependent. The result suggested that C. procumentens had good allelopathic potential which reduces germination and plant growth.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory, Apoptosis Induction and Antitumor Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Calvatia Craniiformis in Mice Transfected with Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1206-1214
Author(s):  
Ghassan Hamdan Jameel ◽  
Ali Ibrahim Ali AL-Ezzy ◽  
Ibrahim H. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Apoptotic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Tumour Mass ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the Immunomodulatory, apoptosis induction and antitumor effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Calvatia craniiformis regarding the size of tumour mass, caspase-8 expression and apoptotic index (AI%) in mice transfected with murine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (H22) as an experimental therapeutic system for human hepatocellular carcinoma.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight Balb/C albino mice were transfected in legs with H22 cells. Tumour size was measured twice a week. Caspase-8 protein expression and apoptotic index determination evaluated by Immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Tumor size significantly differed between the two groups of mice transfected with H22 cells; the first was treated with C. craniiformis aqueous extract (0.3, 0.6, 1.2) mg/kg and the second group was treated with C. craniiformis methanolic extract (0.25, 0.5, 1.0) mg/kg compared with control group. The inhibitory activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts was dose and duration dependent. The size of the tumour mass was reduced up to 87.9% when treated with 1.2 mg/kg aqueous extract and 1 mg/kg for methanolic extract. Caspase-8 expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner among H22 bearing mice treated with C. craniiformis aqueous extract (0.3, 0.6, 1.2) mg/kg. At 0.3 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (66.67%). While at 0.6 mg/kg and 1.2 mg/kg the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (100%) with a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). H22 bearing mice treated with (0.25, 0.5, 1.0) mg/kg C. craniiformis methanolic extract shows increased caspase-8 expression in a dose-dependent manner. At 0.25 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (66.67%). While at 0.5 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (33.33%) and very strong in (100%). At 1.0 mg/kg, the intensity of expression was strong in (16.67%) and very strong in (83.33%) with significant difference (P ≤ 0.001). AI% of H22 bearing mice treated with C. craniiformis aqueous and methanolic extracts were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the untreated control group. No significant difference was reported in AI% between aqueous and methanolic extracts treated groups.CONCLUSIONS: Extracts of C. craniiformis were highly efficient in tumour growth inhibition, causing a reduction in the tumour size clinically and increase the expression of caspase-8 gene product in tumour tissue, causing increase apoptotic index of H22 cells taken from the legs of inoculated mice leading to loss of legs due to bone necrosis. Antitumor activity of C. craniiformis aqueous, and the methanolic extract was dose and duration dependent.

scholarly journals Evaluation and identification of promising advanced breeding lines for quality and yield traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Praveen Kona ◽  
M.K. Mahatma ◽  
K. Gangadhara ◽  
B.C. Ajay ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Augmented Design

Kernel size coupled with the nutritional quality will determine the worth of groundnut for direct consumption or export. Focusing on this objective one hundred and fifty advanced breeding lines (ABLs) in both Spanish and Virginia botanical varieties were evaluated with four checks under Augmented Design during Kharif, 2018 at ICAR- Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat. Significant difference was observed for days to 50% flowering, hundred pod weight (g), hundred kernel weight (g), sound mature kernel (%), shelling percent, pod weight per plant (g), and protein percent. Pod yield per plant (g) registered highest estimates of GCV and PCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for 100 pod weight (g), 100 kernel weight (g), sound mature kernel percentage and pod yield per plant (g) traits which indicates a significant role of additive gene action for inheritance of these traits which may be exploited through simple selection methods. Eleven genotypes viz., PBS 19013, PBS 19015, PBS 19018, PBS 29079 B, PBS 29082, PBS 29124, PBS 29167, PBS 29196, PBS 29197, PBS 29212 and PBS 29219 had good confectionery quality traits viz., large seed size (HKW: >55 g; KL: >1.5cm and KW: >0.7cm), high protein (>30%), high total soluble sugar (>5 %), moderate oil (42- 48%), uniform pod size and shape, high pod yield per plant (> 10g) and good shelling percentage (>60%). These promising genotypes can directly be released as a variety after testing in multi-location AICRP-G trials or can be used in hybridization programmes as donor parents for improving confectionery qualities in groundnut.

scholarly journals Effect of the aqueous extract of Banana Fruits Peal Musa paradisiaca on Mitosis in Plant and Mammalian cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 858-866
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Test System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Albino Mice

The aqueous extract of banana fruits peal was tested for its effect on mitosis . The root tips of Allium cepa were used as plant test system and the bone marrow cells of the albino mice Mus musculus were used as mammalians test system in vivo .Root tips of Allium cepa were treated for four hours with five concentrations of the extract (5 , 10 , 20 , 40 ,60 mg / ml.).The Metaphase was arrested in all the treatments , the highest percentage ( 100 % ) was recorded in the first concentration , the last concentration caused stickiness and clumping of the chromosomes. The treatments did not cause significant difference in the mitotic index. The peals extract (5 mg /ml) was compared with the extracts of fruits bulb, leaves and roots of banana plant, it was found that the extract of fruits peal is the best considering the highest percentages of arrested Metaphase in the root tips cells. The albino mice Mus musculus were injected intraperitonial with the peals extract ( 0.01 , 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 mg / gm body weight), the percentages of arrested Metaphase in the bone marrow of these animals were comparable to the recorded percentages when the animals were injected with colchicine ( 0.01 mg / gm b.w.) .This study revealed the antimitotic activity of the aqueous extract of banana fruits peal on both the plant and mammalian cells in vivo. Studies will be conducted to investigate the effect of the extract and its components on the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Winter rape seeds germination of Cannabis sativa inflorescence aqueous extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Malinauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Vigour Index

The experiment was carried out in the laboratories of the Institute of Biology and Plant Biotechnology of the Faculty of Agronomy, Vytautas Magnus University in 2018–2019. The aim of the study was to determine the allelopathic effect of 2, 1 and 0.5% solutions of Cannabis sativa L. inflorescence aqueous extract on the germination rates of winter rape ‘Cult’ cultivars prepared from the fresh extract and the extract stored for 30 days (1 month) and 45 days (1.5 months). The prepared extract was stored in a refrigerator (4 ± 1°C). The control was distilled water. Solutions from the freshly prepared extract and the extract stored for 30 days were found to inhibit seed germination power and to stimulate it after 45 days. Seed germination was most inhibited by a 2% solution of the freshly prepared inflorescence extract. After 30 days, the solutions prepared from the preserved extract had no significant effect on germination, and after 45 days, the solutions stimulated germination. The germination of the 1% concen­tration solution was by 10.14 relative units significantly higher than that of the control. Assessing the changes in roots and sprouts, it was found that essentially the shortest roots were when germinated in the 2% concentration solution, regardless of the storage time of the extract. In the solutions with 1 and 0.5% concentration, the sprouts lengthened with increasing the shelf-life of the extract. The lowest root/ sprout length ratio was in this solution. In the 1% solution, the sprouts grew consistently and the roots shortened. Changes in roots mass were more dependent on the concentration of the solution: as the concentration decreased, their mass increased. In the 0.5% solution, the weight of sprouts increased consistently with increasing the storage time of the extract. The evaluation of Vigour index based on the green mass of rape sprouts and roots showed that the concentration in 0.5% solutions through the whole experiment was significantly higher than in the control and increased with increasing the shelf-life of the extract.

Allelopathic effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) on seed germination of three weeds

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Soleymanifard ◽  
R Naseri ◽  
A Mirzaei ◽  
H Naserirad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima ◽  
José Vanglesio de Aguiar ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa ◽  
Vital Pedro da Silva Paz
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caixa Postal ◽  
Water Depths

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1       Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima José Vanglesio de Aguiar Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa Universidade Federal do Ceará – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola. Campus do Pici. Bloco 804. CEP 60455-760 – Fortaleza-CE Vital Pedro da Silva Paz Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz – Departamento de Engenharia Rural, bolsista da FAPESP. Av. Pádua Dias, 11 – Caixa Postal 11. 13418-900 – Piracicaba-SP       1 RESUMO       O caupi é um dos cultivos mais tradicionais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, constituindo alimento básico nestas regiões. Com este trabalho foi possível estabelecer relações entre a quantidade de água aplicada e produtividade de grãos, para três variedades de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes lâminas de água. Para caracterização das lâminas de água foi utilizado um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional em linha. O controle da irrigação foi realizado a partir de tensiômetros instalados à 15 cm de profundidade. Os resultados mostraram que: i) a cultivar João Paulo II apresentou melhores resultados de produtividade para as lâminas de água aplicadas que variaram de T1 = 291,8 mm a T5 = 141,2 mm; ii) sob condições de reduzida disponibilidade de água, ou seja, menor lâmina aplicada, não ocorreu diferença estatística  para a produtividade entre as cultivares estudadas; e iii) para as condições do estudo, a cultivar Setentão apresentou a menor taxa de redução do produto marginal.       UNITERMOS: caupi, irrigação, função de produção       LIMA, G. P. B., AGUIAR, J. V., COSTA, R. N. T., PAZ, V. P. S. Responses OF cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata L Walp) at differents irrigation deficits     2 ABSTRACT       The caupi is one of the most traditional cultivation of the north and northeast - Brazil, constituting a basic food in these areas. With this work it was possible to establish relationships between the amount of water applied and productivity of grains, for three caupi varieties submitted to different irrigation sheets. To diferentiate water depths in the irrigation system, the aspersion in line was used. The control of the irrigation was accomplished using tensiometers installed to 15 cm of depth. The results showed that: i) the João Paulo II variety presented better productivity for the applied water depths; ii) under reduced conditions of water avai lability for study conditions, these was no significant difference in the productivity reached among the cultivars studied; and iii) for the conditions of the study, the variety Setentão presented the smallest rate of reduction of the marginal product.       KEYWORDS: cowpea, irrigation, production function  

Allelopathic effect of potato on Orabanche aegyptiaca Pers seed germination

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Zhong WANG ◽  
YongQing MA ◽  
JinNan JIA ◽  
ShuQi DONG ◽  
XiaoXin YE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Allelopathic Effect
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document