scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Chrysanthemum Procumentens on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Kemi Akinwunmi ◽  
Esther Odunsi ◽  
Chizi Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

The present study was undertaken to assess the allelopathic effect of Chrysanthemum procumentens in relation to germination and growth of bean seedling. C. procumentens reduced germination and suppressed early seedling growth of beans. With increase in extract concentration from 20 mg ml-1 to 60 mg ml-1, a gradual decrease in seed germination evaluated by reduction in the concentration of biomolecules such as total protein, total soluble sugar and amylase activities; and increase in the activities of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, Lipases and Arginase occurred. The longest seedling root and shoot lengths were recorded on day 1 at 20 mg ml-1 extract concentration while the shortest seedling root and shoot length were recorded on day 6 at 80 mg ml-1 extract concentrations. It was noted that the reduction in germination and suppression of seedling growth observed in this study were concentration and time dependent. The result suggested that C. procumentens had good allelopathic potential which reduces germination and plant growth.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Echinochloa colona L. and Cyperus iria L. Weed Extracts on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rice and Soyabean

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Chopra ◽  
Geeta Tewari ◽  
Lalit M. Tewari ◽  
Brij Upreti ◽  
Naveen Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling

The present study was undertaken to assess the allelopathic effect of Echinochloa colona L. and Cyperus iria L. in relation to the germination and primary growth of Oryza sativa L. (rice) and Glycine max L. (soyabean). Effects of dichloromethane (DCM) and double distilled water soluble (DDW) fractions of E. colona L. and C. iria L. root and aerial part extracts reduced germination and suppressed early seedling growth of rice and soyabean. With increase in extract concentration from 1 to 100 mg/mL, a gradual decrease in seed germination and seedling length occurred. The highest growth of G. max seedling was recorded in DDW fraction of E. colona aerial part extract at 1 mg/mL concentration with 94% germination and the lowest length was found in DCM fraction of C. iria root extract at 100 mg/mL concentration with 65% germination. In O. sativa, the highest length was noted at 1 mg/mL concentration in DDW fraction of E. colona aerial part extract with 82% germination and the lowest length was found in DCM fraction of C. iria and E. colona root extracts with germination 57% and 62%, respectively, at 100 mg/mL concentration. The results suggested that these weeds had good allelopathic potential which reduces germination and plant growth.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Tithonia diversifolia Extracts on Biochemical Parameters and Growth of Vigna unguiculata

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope A. OYENIYI ◽  
Oludele O. ODEKANYIN ◽  
Adenike KUKU ◽  
Olutobi O. OTUSANYA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Significant Difference

Allelopathy has gained much attention in recent times in the sustainable agricultural systems. Allelochemicals released by different plants interact differently with each other, it therefore becomes imperative to study the possible biochemical processes underlying the allelopathy of some plants on other plants. In the present study, investigation was carried out on the phytochemical composition of aqueous and methanolic extracts of <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> and their allelopathic effect on the growth of <em>Vigna unguiculata</em>. Phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids in the methanolic extract, and in addition anthraquinones and saponins in the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract was found to be more phytotoxic than the aqueous extract; and the seed germination and seedling growth inhibition was concentration dependent. Both the methanolic and aqueous extracts increased significantly the concentration of proline and the level of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in <em>Vigna unguiculata,</em> while protein concentration and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced. There was however no significant difference in the amount of total soluble sugar. Cytological examination of the root tips of <em>Allium cepa</em> treated with both extracts showed no disparity in mitotic index and there was no chromosomal aberration. The study concluded that the extracts of <em>T. diversifolia</em> affected the seed germination and growth of <em>Vigna unguiculata</em>.

Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Lili Cong ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
Lichao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

Allelopathic potential of Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata on Lake Huron sand dunes

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1903-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong W. Yun ◽  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Artemisia Campestris

Greenhouse studies were conducted to test allelopathic effects of Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata on seed germination and seedling growth of several sand-dune species and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. The aqueous extracts of A. campestris showed no inhibitory effect on seed germination, seedling elongation, or dry-weight growth of plants at lower concentrations (10 and 50%), but 100% concentration of the extracts caused varying degrees of inhibition depending on the test species. The mixing of dry leaves of seedlings of A. campestris to the sand showed severe inhibition of Elymus canadensis seedlings. The percent germination of test species in soil from the rhizosphere of A. campestris was significantly lower than that of the control. The leaf area and dry weight were also lower but the differences were not significant. The aqueous extract inhibited mycorrhizal fungal colonization in roots of three sand-dune grasses. Key words: allelopathy, Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata, seed germination, seedling growth, mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic effects of Morus nigra aqueous extract on germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2153-2161
Author(s):  
Letícia Rodrigues Vieira ◽  
Eliane Regina da Silva ◽  
Geraldo Luiz Gonçalves Soares ◽  
Claudimar Sidnei Fior ◽  
Eduardo Miranda Ethur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Morphological Deformities

Abstract Some exotic species threat the integrity of natural environments due to their invasive potential. They can affect other species by releasing secondary compounds in the soil. Morus nigra (Moraceae) is an invasive species of riparian forests in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to verify if the aqueous extracts of fruit, fresh and dry leaves of M. nigra show phytotoxic effects on germination, seedling growth and membrane integrity of seedlings of Lactuca sativa. Extract concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% were tested. Germination rate and speed of germination were determined. Effects on initial growth were evaluated by measuring seedling root and shoot length, and membrane integrity was assessed by conductivity tests. Results showed the phytotoxicity of M. nigra aqueous extracts, causing significant inhibition on germination and seedling growth. The fruit extract was generally less phytotoxic than extracts from fresh and dry leaves. Moreover, the extracts induced changes in membrane integrity and caused morphological deformities in seedlings, such as necrotic roots and chlorotic plants. The high phytotoxicity of fruit, dry and fresh leaf extracts of M. nigra was evidenced, indicating the allelopathic potential of the species.

scholarly journals Allelopathy in two species of Chenopodium -inhibition of germination and seedling growth of certain weeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Datta ◽  
Kaasi N. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Field Soils

The activity of washed leaf and inflorescence material of <em>Chenopodium ambrosioides</em> and <em>C. murale</em>, decaying leaves and inflorescences, and field soils collected beneath <em>Chenopodium</em> plants were examined in terms of the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of five weeds, viz. <em>Abutilon indicum, Cassia sophera</em> var. <em>purpurea, C. tora, Evolvulus numularius</em> and <em>Tephrosia hamiltonii</em>. The allelopathic pattern varied in each of the two test species and this depended on the type of test matter. However, the germination as well as the root and hypocotyl growth of <em>A. indicum</em> and <em>E. nummularius</em> were more hampered by phytotoxins or inhibitors from <em>Chenopodium</em> than were the other weeds. Since the leaf and inflorescence of Chenopodium formed the source of inhibitors, the respective plant-parts from the two species were chemically analysed and the presence of three terpenes (p-cymene, ascaridole and aritazone) from <em>C. ambrosioides</em> and an organic acid (oxalic acid) from <em>C. murale</em> were implicated in the allelopathic effect.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of two medicinal plants on seed germination, seedling growth and grain production of purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) weed

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Seyed Nader MOUSAVIAN ◽  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Artemisia Sieberi

<p>A laboratory factorial (2 × 5) experiment was carried out based on completely randomized block in four replications to evaluate the effect of plant species and concentration of their allelopathic extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of purslane weed (<em>Portulaca oleraceae</em> L.). The first factor studied was plant species (<em>Artemisia sieberi </em>and <em>Salvia syriaca</em>) and the second one the concentration percentage of plant ethanol extract (0.0, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %). The effect of <em>Artemisia </em>on<em> </em>germination reduction of purslane<em> </em>was stronger compared to <em>Salvia.</em> The results indicated that higher extract concentration led to decreased germination percentage, germination speed and seedling growth indices of purslane including leaf length, leaf number, leaf width, leaf dry mass, stem mass and stem length. The effect of <em>Artemisia </em>was higher than that of <em>Salvia</em>. In a complementary experiment, the effect plant residues of <em>Artemisia </em>and <em>Salvia </em>(0.0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g kg<sup>-1</sup> soil) were evaluated in a factorial experiment base on completely randomized block design with three replications. The results of field experiment showed that plant residues significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced capsule number per plant, seed number per capsule, seed production and shoot dry mass, while its effect on 1000-seed mass was not substantial. The effect of plant species and the interaction of plant species and their allelopathic extracts concentration had no major impact on the above-mentioned properties. The increase in plant residues in soil, led to the reduction of growth and seed production of purslane induced by plant number per unit area and capsule per plant. <em>Artemisia sieberi </em>Bess<em>. </em>and<em> Salvia syriaca </em>L.<em> </em>residues can be successfully used for non-chemical control of purslane weed.</p>

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