scholarly journals An Ethnographic Investigation of Code Switching and Mixing in Pakistan: A Case Study of Nine-Year Old Child, Alia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Jahangir Bhatti ◽  
Shabana Sartaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Specific Factors

Bilingualism has special designation in learning of language especially in countries where English is second or third language. Bilingualism sketches the concept of a speaker that either mixes or switches two or different codes while making an utterance. In that perspective, the present study is designed as an ethnographic research to validate the notion of bilingual action of speech turning in Pakistan. This case study of nine year old child named Alia has been conducted to formulate the situation of bilingualism in multilingual society of Pakistan. In that regard the researcher recorded the dialogues of a child while taking part in different roles. The speech of the child was later analyzed to investigate the influence of bilingualism on it. The two languages were focused Urdu and English with the little extent of Punjabi code. Various reasons were researched for finding out the basic factors that led to switch or mix codes within an utterance. The parents of a child Alia were also interviewed that led to find specific factors of their child to code switch and mixes. The factors include bilingual environment, partners, mother tongue, social interactions and medium of education in school.

scholarly journals Language shift in Newar: a case study in the Kathmandu Valley

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Bhim Lal Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Indigenous Language ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Language Community

This paper explores the patterns of language shift in Newar, the ethnic indigenous language community living in the Kathmandu Valley. The research focuses on language contact situations in different domains viz. social, cultural, personal, and official as well as media related activities where the informants are asked to use different languages along with the use of their own mother tongue i.e. Newar. This socio-ethnographic research aims at providing some clues as to how the discovery of a minority language triggers changes in representations and attitudes.

scholarly journals Functions and Frequency of Using Code-switching in CLIL Lesson (Case Study, teaching Math (CLIL) in the private school, Tbilisi)

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Khatuna Buskivadze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Private School ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Teaching Math ◽  
Case Study Teaching

The aim of the present study is to investigate the sociolinguistic functions and frequency of Teacher’s Code Switching (CS) in the content and language integrated (CLIL) Lesson. Furthermore, our purpose is to reveal students’ and teacher’s attitudes towards teacher’s code-switching in CLIL lesson. After a brief review of the literature concerning CLIL and the issue of code-switching the case study of teaching Math (Educational discourse) in one of the private schools in Tbilisi will be outlined as data, gathered by means of anonymous questionnaires, which were administered among students in the abovementioned Math classes. Moreover, the qualitative research aims to single out the number of teacher’s CS examples and analyze the interview with math’s teacher. The results show that there are 36 cases of teacher using L1 (Georgian) in 10 lessons (9 hours). Math’s teacher’s CS behavior mostly serves (1) the conversational function of interjection; (2) the classroom functions of introducing unfamiliar materials and topics, explaining difficult concepts, maintaining classroom discipline and the structure of the lesson; The teacher and 13 students have negative attitudes towards using only Georgian in teaching Math’s. The higher level of English the students have the more negative is attitude towards using Georgian in the classroom. Although all the students were Georgian, their competence in English is almost as high as in their mother tongue, therefore they consider English as an inseparable part of their identities.

scholarly journals The Effective and the Controversial Uses of Code-Switching: Edwidge Danticat’s 'Claire of the Sea Light' as Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Aitor Ibarrola-Armendariz
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Edwidge Danticat ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Haitian American ◽  
American Author ◽  
The Way

This article explores the different uses that Haitian-American author Edwidge Danticat makes of code-switching in her last novel Claire of the Sea Light (2013). It also delves into the effects Danticat seeks to produce on her readers by the introduction of Creole words and expressions. While the incorporation of the mother tongue is not new in Danticat’s fiction, critics have paid little attention to the diverse purposes such a tongue purports to serve in her books and to the kind of responses it has aroused from her audience. Her uses of code-switching are observed to pursue various purposes: some purely mimetic, others more closely related to her stylistic ambitions, and still others out of motivations that may be deemed debatable, as they pertain to the “exoticization” of her homeland. Ultimately, the use of code-switching in Claire of the Sea Light should be viewed as one of the most effective strategies that diasporic writers envisage to satisfy a number of important socio-pragmatic and rhetorical functions that are usually expected in ethnic fiction. These strategies also aim to guide the (mainstream) readers’ affective responses to their work in the way(s) “minority” authors believe best suit their aesthetic and ethical goals.

scholarly journals The Impact of Code Switching on Learners’ Participation during Classroom Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liswani Simasiku
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Classroom Participation ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>The objective of this qualitative case study is to investigate whether the use of mother tongue in English medium classrooms can enhance classroom participation. </em><em>Questionnaire, interviews and observation were the two research instruments that were used to collect data in this study. </em><em>The study investigated 12 ESL teachers at 12 schools in the </em><em>Zambezi Educational</em><em> </em><em>Region. The </em><em>study revealed that the use of mother tongue in English medium classrooms did not constrain learners’ understanding of the learning content; it rather seemed to facilitate classroom participation. The findings</em><em> revealed that Grade 10 ESL teachers agreed that Code Switching benefited learners’ participation in English medium classrooms.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Code-Switching as a Strategy in Conducting Public Affairs: A Case Study of Rural Namibians

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Iina-Marie Aukongo ◽  
Talita C Smit
Keyword(s):  
Case Study Research ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Rural Town ◽  
Communication Goals

Outapi is a rural town in the northern part of Namibia. Its residents are exposed to a variety of languages. Speakers whose English proficiency is limited, but who are able to communicate in Oshiwambo, use Oshiwambo to communicate. The problem arises when communication is in English, as the majority are English second or third language speakers and thus unable to express themselves very well. This study sought to understand the role of code switching between English and Oshiwambo by Outapi residents and public officials when conducting public affairs in the bank, the clinic and the post office. A qualitative research approach based on a case study research design was applied to determine the pertinence of code switching in the multilingual community. Findings from observations and interviews revealed that code switching facilitated communication in Outapi for speakers to attain their communication goals. Although the study indicated how code switching enriches Oshiwambo in terms of vocabulary, it also indicates a contribution to the language death of local languages.

A CASE STUDY OF NL INFLUENCE IN UNIS FKIP ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS' INTERLANGUAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Irmala Sukendra ◽  
Agus Mulyana ◽  
Imam Sudarmaji
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Similar System ◽  
The One ◽  
L1 Acquisition

Regardless to the facts that English is being taught to Indonesian students starting from early age, many Indonesian thrive in learning English. They find it quite troublesome for some to acquire the language especially to the level of communicative competence. Although Krashen (1982:10) states that “language acquirers are not usually aware of the fact that they are acquiring language, but are only aware of the fact that they are using the language for communication”, second language acquisition has several obstacles for learners to face and yet the successfulness of mastering the language never surmounts to the one of the native speakers. Learners have never been able to acquire the language as any native speakers do. Mistakes are made and inter-language is unavoidable. McNeili in Ellis (1985, p. 44) mentions that “the mentalist views of L1 acquisition hypothesizes the process of acquisition consists of hypothesis-testing, by which means the grammar of the learner’s mother tongue is related to the principles of the ‘universal grammar’.” Thus this study intends to find out whether the students go through the phase of interlanguage in their attempt to acquire second language and whether their interlanguage forms similar system as postulated by linguists (Krashen).

Is Gay Tourism More Than Tourism? A Case Study of Puerto Vallarta, MX

2021 ◽  
pp. 016059762110140
Author(s):  
Emma G. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Men I ◽  
Oppressed Group ◽  
Normative Standard

The reasons gay men seek out gay travel destinations has been well established in the literature. However, less research has been published on the consequences of that travel on the destinations themselves and the effect of gay tourism on the LGBTQ+ community as a whole. I use ethnographic research in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, a popular international gay tourist destinations for American and Canadian gay men. I focus on how gay destinations are constructed as sites where members of the gay community can experience acceptance and inclusion and I ask the following questions, is this acceptance and inclusion dependent upon consumption? Are the tourist site and expectations for behavior in those sites oppressively normal? That is, does the site create a normative standard of behavior for gay tourists? Furthermore, while gay tourists may experience inclusion and a level of acceptance, how does gay tourism affect the destination site itself? Is this acceptance and inclusion problematized by larger systems of inequality such as class, gender, and race? Lastly, as members of a historically oppressed group, does and should gay tourism rise above its commodification to produce just, equitable relationships within and beyond the LGBTQ+ community including the environment?

scholarly journals A mixed methods multiple case study to evaluate the implementation of a care pathway for colorectal cancer surgery using extended normalization process theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van Zelm ◽  
E. Coeckelberghs ◽  
W. Sermeus ◽  
A. Wolthuis ◽  
L. Bruyneel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Protocol Adherence ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Normalization Process

Abstract Background Specific factors that facilitate or prevent the implementation of enhanced recovery protocols for colorectal cancer surgery have been described in previous qualitative studies. This study aims to perform a concurrent qualitative and quantitative evaluation of factors associated with successful implementation of a care pathway (CP) for patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods This comparative mixed methods multiple case study was based on a sample of 10 hospitals in 4 European countries that implemented a specific CP and performed pre- and post-implementation measurements. In-depth post-implementation interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals who were directly involved. Primary outcomes included protocol adherence and improvement rate. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS) and self-rated protocol adherence. The hospitals were ranked based on these quantitative findings, and those with the highest and lowest scores were included in this study. Qualitative data were summarized on a per-case basis using extended Normalization Process Theory (eNPT) as theoretical framework. The data were then combined and analyzed using joint display methodology. Results Data from 381 patients and 30 healthcare professionals were included. Mean protocol adherence rate increased from 56 to 62% and mean LOS decreased by 2.1 days. Both measures varied greatly between hospitals. The two highest-ranking hospitals and the three lowest-ranking hospitals were included as cases. Factors which could explain the differences in pre- and post-implementation performance included the degree to which the CP was integrated into daily practice, the level of experience and support for CP methodology provided to the improvement team, the intrinsic motivation of the team, shared goals and the degree of management support, alignment of CP development and hospital strategy, and participation of relevant disciplines, most notably, physicians. Conclusions Overall improvement was achieved but was highly variable among the 5 hospitals evaluated. Specific factors involved in the implementation process that may be contributing to these differences were conceptualized using eNPT. Multidisciplinary teams intending to implement a CP should invest in shared goals and teamwork and focus on integration of the CP into daily processes. Support from hospital management directed specifically at quality improvement including audit may likewise facilitate the implementation process. Trial registration NCT02965794. US National Library of Medicine, ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered 4 August 2014.

scholarly journals Mapping Instructional Barriers during COVID-19 Outbreak: Islamic Education Context

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Akhmad Habibi ◽  
Amirul Mukminin ◽  
Lalu Nurul Yaqin ◽  
Lalu Parhanuddin ◽  
Rafiza Abdul Razak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Instructional Activities ◽  
Years Of Teaching Experience ◽  
Technological Barriers

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently the most potent threat to educational systems, a crisis that may become disastrous. For the current study, a qualitative design within a case study tradition was implemented to investigate instructional barriers during COVID-19 faced by Indonesian teachers in Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren). Within this study, we applied a purposeful convenient sampling in which the access was obtained through communication with the principals of two Pesantren. Seven invited participants with more than ten years of teaching experience agreed to participate. Semi-structured interviews were addressed for data collection; each interview lasted from 40 to 50 min. The interviews were conducted in the participants’ mother tongue to provide an in-depth understanding of their perceptions, ideas, and arguments regarding instructional barriers during the COVID-19 outbreak. The thematic analysis revealed three major findings regarding the barriers; technological barriers, financial barriers, and pedagogical barriers affecting instructional activities in the two Pesantren. Based on the three themes, the development of a qualitative conceptual map of teachers’ instructional barriers was finalized. Recommendations are also proposed by the participants and the study for the betterment of Indonesian Islamic education facing future similar outbreaks.

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