scholarly journals Show Me the Money: On Predicting Actual Purchases in Cross-National Sponsorship

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noni Zaharia ◽  
Simon Brandon-Lai ◽  
Jeffrey James
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Cross National

The improvements in new media technologies in conjunction with the expansion of innovative opportunities for marketing and consuming sport have played direct roles in the globalization of sport. However, those in the Sport Management academic field are still trying to understand the effect of culture on sport consumer behavior. Guided by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the sponsorship and cross-national relationships among the short-term/long-term orientation and individualism/collectivism cultural dimensions, attitude toward a sponsor, gratitude, purchase intentions, and actual purchases. Data were collected via longitudinal web surveys conducted with soccer fans from the United States, the United Kingdom, and India. The results from a structural equation model provided evidence that the individualism/collectivism cultural dimension had a significant effect on gratitude but not on actual purchases, and that the purchase intentions variable was a predictor of actual purchases. 

scholarly journals Is Sport Sponsorship Global? Evidence from the United States, the United Kingdom, and India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noni Zaharia ◽  
Kurt C. Mayer Jr. ◽  
Eric Hungenberg ◽  
Dianna Gray ◽  
David Stotlar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sport Sponsorship ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
The United Kingdom

<p>This study sought to develop and test a cross-national sport sponsorship model. Sponsorship and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theories were utilized for the theoretical framework for this study. A survey was conducted with 522 Chelsea FC soccer club’s fans from the United States, the United Kingdom, and India in the area of sponsorship through a jersey sponsorship. Single and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the global sport sponsorship model. The results acknowledged the measurement and structural invariance of a global model for five sport sponsorship outcomes (i.e., sponsorship awareness, sponsorship fit, attitude toward the sponsor, gratitude, and purchase intentions), controlling for age, gender, education, household income and the household’s decision maker. The statistical analyses indicated that structural relationships among the analyzed sponsorship outcomes were invariant among all three countries. The effect of sponsorship fit predicted the presence of purchase intentions, while the attitude toward the sponsor was the strongest predictor of purchase intentions.</p>

No More “Good” Intentions: Purchase Behaviors in Sponsorship

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noni Zaharia ◽  
Rui Biscaia ◽  
Dianna Gray ◽  
David Stotlar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Sport Sponsorship ◽  
Sponsorship Effectiveness ◽  
Soccer Fans ◽  
Purchase Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

The growth of sport sponsorship has led to an increase in the number of studies measuring sponsorship outcomes in different sport settings. Most studies, however, have focused on understanding the factors leading to purchase intentions. A more accurate assessment of sponsorship effectiveness would come through measuring actual purchase behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine a sport sponsorship model that included awareness, fit, attitude toward the sponsor, past purchases, purchase intentions, and actual purchases. Data were collected via longitudinal web surveys conducted with soccer fans from the United States. The results of a structural equation model provided evidence that the relationships among the analyzed sponsorship outcomes did not have a significant effect on actual purchase behaviors. The discussion includes questions about the impact of sponsorship variables such as awareness, fit, attitude toward the sponsor, purchase intentions, and past purchases on actual purchase behaviors.

Stepfamily Closeness and Depression Among American Indian Emerging Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin P. Ward ◽  
Gordon E. Limb ◽  
Sarah Higbee ◽  
Helena Haueter
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Biological Parent ◽  
Parent Child

Stepfamilies are one of the fastest growing family structures among all racial groups in the United States. Stepfamily research among many racial groups, specifically American Indians, is virtually nonexistent. This is unfortunate, as American Indians are more likely to divorce and remarry compared with other populations. From a family systems perspective, this study examined whether retrospectively perceived closeness in three stepfamily relationships, namely child–residential biological parent, child–residential stepparent, and child–stepsibling, were negatively associated with depression scores in 226 American Indian emerging adults. A structural equation model showed that increased child–residential biological parent and child–stepsibling closeness predicted decreased depression scores, whereas child–residential stepparent closeness did not. We also found that depression scores significantly predicted retrospective perceptions of child–residential biological parent, child–residential stepparent, and child–stepsibling closeness. Findings encourage interventions that strengthen American Indian child–residential biological parent and child–stepsibling relationships, and underscore the need for further research that explores American Indian stepfamily relationships.

What Makes Families Healthy? Examining Correlates of Family Health in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110428
Author(s):  
Quenla Haehnel ◽  
Caitlin Whitehead ◽  
Eliza Broadbent ◽  
Carl L. Hanson ◽  
AliceAnn Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Health Measure ◽  
Nationally Representative

Conceptually, family health is crucial for individual health across the lifespan, yet previous research has lacked a validated family health measure. The current study examines the relationships between individual physical (physical activity) and mental health (depressive symptoms and executive functioning) and social determinants of health (socioeconomic status) with four domains of family health using a recently validated family health measure. The sample included 1050 US adults (40.30 years; 53.78% female) that completed a survey. The results of the structural equation model revealed that depression was associated with reduced family health across all domains. Executive functioning was associated with better family social and emotional processes and family healthy lifestyle. Physical activity was associated with improved family healthy lifestyle only. Income was positively associated with each domain, but subjective SES was not associated with any domain. The findings indicate the interconnectedness of family health and individual factors, particularly with depression and wealth.

Constructing Structural Equation Model Rule-Based Fuzzy System with Genetic Algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
EnDer Su ◽  
Thomas W. Knowles ◽  
Yu-Gin Fen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Inference System ◽  
United States Dollar

The present study uses the structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the correlations between various economic indices pertaining to latent variables, such as the New Taiwan Dollar (NTD) value, the United States Dollar (USD) value, and USD index. In addition, a risk factor of volatility of currency returns is considered to develop a risk-controllable fuzzy inference system. The rational and linguistic knowledge-based fuzzy rules are established based on the SEM model and then optimized using the genetic algorithm. The empirical results reveal that the fuzzy logic trading system using the SEM indeed outperforms the buy-and-hold strategy. Moreover, when considering the risk factor of currency volatility, the performance appears significantly better. Remarkably, the trading strategy is apparently affected when the USD value or the volatility of currency returns shifts into either a higher or lower state.

scholarly journals A Mediation and Moderation Model of Social Support, Relationship Quality and Social Commerce Intention

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9889
Author(s):  
Md. Alamgir Hossain ◽  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Minho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Social Commerce ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
The Social

This study examines the antecedents of social commerce intention by conceptualizing a model that includes two exogenous variables; relationship quality and social support, and an endogenous variable; social commerce, along with a mediation effect of relationship quality and moderation effect of cultures. This research model is tested by survey data collected in the United States and Korea, analyzed by a structural equation model. The results reveal that relationship quality generates the social commerce intention through commitment, satisfaction and trust, and becomes a maiden study with its mediating effect on social commerce intention. Social commerce intention is highly representative of social sharing and social shopping on social media. The social support is measured through emotional and informational support, proving to be a stronger predictor of relationship quality and social commerce intention. In addition, social support articulates differences in respect to the cultural differences. The model offers valuable insights to researchers and practitioners that aims to improve social commerce intention.

A Comparison of Mexican and US American Students’ Perceptions of High-Low Context Business Communication Style

2011 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 68-89
Author(s):  
Andreu van Hooft
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
American Students ◽  
The Us ◽  
Intercultural Encounters ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cross-cultural studies (Hofstede, 1984, 1991, 2001; Hall, 1959, 1976) posit that Mexico is a more collectivistic and high context culture than the United States of America and therefore it could be claimed that Mexicans will communicate and perceive professional communication in a different way than US Americans. In contrast, professional communication and social (psychology) studies argue that in order to communicate in a truly intercultural way it is necessary to go beyond the frame of cultural dimensions, since shared professional and educational frameworks could override the impact of cultural differences in professional settings. While empirical evidence so far has shown mixed results, the results of this article provide additional evidence to support the view that the two cited cultural dimensions have been overridden, since the Mexican (N=280) and US American (N=300) student samples showed a rather similar perception of professional dialogues in a monocultural as well as in an intercultural communication setting. A shared framework of knowledge and skills, the impact of the new media and technologies, the virtual and real intercultural encounters between Mexicans and US Americans, their shared educational level, and the fact that nearly all of the Mexican participants reported to speak English as a foreign language and that a majority of the US American participants reported to speak Spanish as a foreign language, could explain, at least for the studied samples, the observed convergence.

scholarly journals Organic Cotton Clothing Purchase Behavior: A Comparative Study of Consumers in the United States and Bangladesh

Textiles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-386
Author(s):  
Md Nakib Ul Hasan ◽  
Chuanlan Liu ◽  
Bulbul Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Organic Cotton ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Purchase Behaviors

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the differences and similarities of organic cotton clothing (OCC) purchase behaviors of the consumers who lie at the top and the bottom of the apparel supply chain. The influences of consumers’ sustainability knowledge and social norms on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions were examined to understand within the framework of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Sample data were collected from the United States and Bangladesh and, finally, 136 useable responses were used for the data analysis. Among the useable responses, 85 samples were from the US (containing 91.76% female participants and 4.71% male participants) and 51 responses were from the Bangladesh sample (containing 7.84% female participants and 88.24% male participants). A structural equation model was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings showed that for US consumers, sustainability knowledge was a powerful predictor of positive attitudes towards OCC, while for Bangladeshi consumers, it was not. In the context of social norms, Bangladeshi consumers demonstrated a strong positive attitudes formation whereas American consumers were found to display less strong relationships. OCC marketers and retailers should concentrate on educating consumers about the real benefits of organic cotton consumption by disseminating proper information about organic cotton fiber and its processing.

scholarly journals The effects of tightness-looseness in organizational culture on corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance: A regional study in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 3866
Author(s):  
Ferda Üstün ◽  
Kemal Can Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

In this study, the tightness-looseness dimension, suggested as a cultural dimension of community was examined at organizational level. Introducing the tightness-looseness dimension to the literature, and identifying the effects of the dimension on corporate entrepreneurship activities and firm performance, which poses great importance for organizations, were the main purposes of the study. In the study, the correlations between dependent and independent variables were examined through the hypotheses suggested, and the consistency level of the model was analyzed through the structural equation modeling. It was concluded from the study that there was a significant positive correlation between the tightness-looseness level and corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance. Coefficients of corporate entrepreneurship, proactivity, innovational orientation, and coefficients of firm performance, and coefficients concerning the profit, growth, and customer satisfaction seem to be statistically significant. Accordingly, the higher (or lower) the level of looseness is, the higher (or lower) the level of corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance will be. The validity of the model on the target sample has been discussed considering the compliance indices of the model proposed in the study on Turkey's leading industrial enterprises. As the results of the analysis of the constructed structural equation model gave the values of good and acceptance level goodness of fit (RMSEA <0.05, GFI and CFI> 0.95 and AGFI> 0.90), the model was found to be acceptable.

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