scholarly journals Economics of Weed Management Methods as Influenced by Row-Spacing in Cowpea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
O. Adewale Osipitan ◽  
I. Yahaya ◽  
Joseph A. Adigun
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed management is an important factor that influences the economic importance of cowpea as a cheap source of food and income for many farmers. A study was conducted to evaluate economic benefits of weed management methods used singly or in an integrated approach, and to understand the influence of row-spacing on economic benefits of weed management methods. Total variable cost of cowpea cultivation was substantially influenced by cost of weed control. A single input of hand weeding resulted in higher cost of weed control than a single input of PRE-herbicide for weed control. Increase in weed control inputs or frequency did not guarantee an increase in economic benefits. For example, removing weeds three times with hand at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP) during the cowpea growing season did not necessarily result in the highest yield, but rather increased the variable cost of weed control. Integrating PRE-herbicide and hand weeding for weed management resulted in the highest yield and gross profit. The lowest cost of weed control provided by using PRE-herbicide gave the highest benefit-cost ratio. The differences in economic values of weed management methods were mostly not affected by cowpea row-spacing, but generally, economic benefits of management methods decreased with increase in row-spacing. Practically, this study suggests that minimizing the use of hand weeding by complementing with PRE-herbicide for weed management could help to optimize yield, and increase profitability, particularly under a narrow row-spacing in cowpea cultivation.

scholarly journals Seed Yield and Yield Components of Sesame as Affected by Various Weed Control Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
J Hossain ◽  
MO Ali ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Stalk Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Benefit Cost

Weed control strategy greatly influences on weed infestation and yield of sesame. An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during Kharif-1 season of two consecutive years 2015-16 and 2016-17 to find out the suitable weed control methods in sesame. It comprises five weed control methods viz., Application of Panida (T1), Application of Panida with one hand weeding at 20 DAE (T2), One hand weeding at 20 DAE (T3), Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAE (T4) and Control (no weeding) (T5 ). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Among the weed species, Cyperus rotundus and Digitaria sangunalis were the most abundant weeds. Application of Panida with one hand weeding at 20 DAE (T2) gave the lowest weed density, weed biomass and the highest weed control efficiency followed by application of Panida (T1) in both years. Weed biomass influenced negatively on plant height, number of capsule plant-1, seed yield and stalk yield. The maximum seed yield and stalk yield were also obtained from T2 which was statistically similar to T1 treatment and the minimum seed yield from T5. Economic analysis indicated that T2 gave higher gross return but T1 provided higher gross margin and benefit cost ratio. The treatment, T4 showed higher total variable cost due to the high cost of labour for hand weeding with the increase of variable cost, which affected the marginal return and benefit-cost ratio. However, based on the economic point of view, application of Panida in pre-emergence condition (T1) was a profitable and suitable weed control method in summer sown sesame. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 107-116

Weed Management through Imidazolinones in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
A.K. Dhaka ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Akshay Kumar Vats ◽  
Harender .
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Net Returns

Background: Pulse crops are commonly known as poor man’s meat. Pigeon pea is second most important pulse crops of India after chickpea. Weeds are amongst prime biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield and can cause seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Promising result of weed control by pendimethalin was documented in pigeon pea. Also Imazethapyr is applied as pre and post emergence to control grasses and broad leaved weeds in other pulse crops but limited research was undertaken in pigeon pea. Therefore, current experiment focused to compare the effect of imidazolinones alone and in combination in pigeon pea. Methods: To control weeds in pigeon pea, pre and post-emergence of imidazolinones alone and in combination with pendimethalin was applied. Nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity and economics of pigeon pea were worked out.Conclusion: Among herbicidal treatments, the highest nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity, net returns and benefit cost ratio in pigeon pea were observed in the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g ha-1. Therefore, this treatment may be an effective and profitable alternative to the existing manual and costlier recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality.

scholarly journals Impact of Integrated Weed Management on Bulb Yield of Onion

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
AJM Obaidullah ◽  
AHF Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Bulb Yield

The experiment was conducted at Regional Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Magura, Bangladesh during 2016-2017 and 2017- 2018 to optimize weed management practice for onion bulb production through Integrated Weed Management (IWM). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Two different herbicides (Oxadiazon and Pendimethalin) with different doses in combination with hand weeding (HW) were used as treatments. The total number of treatments were 12 viz. [email protected] l/ha, [email protected] l/ha, T3= [email protected] l/ha, T4= [email protected] l/ha + one HW at 45 DAT (Days After Transplanting), T5= [email protected] l/ha + one HW at 45 DAT,T6= [email protected] l/ha + one HW at 45 DAT, [email protected] l/ha, [email protected] l/ha, T9= [email protected] l/ha + HW at 45 DAT, T10= [email protected] l/ha+ HW at 45 DAT, T11= Weed free and T12 = Weedy check (control). The onion var. BARI Piaz-1 was used as the test crop. The highest bulb yield (7.63 tha-1 in 2016 & 9.56 t ha-1in 2017) and benefit cost ratio (2.14 in 2016 and 2.46 in 2017) were obtained from T6= [email protected] l/ha + one hand weeding at 45 DAT while the lowest bulb yield (4.22 t ha-1in 2016 and 6.28 t ha-1in 2017) was obtained from T12 = Weedy check (control), while lowest benefit cost ratio (1.33 in 2016 and 1.74 in 2017) from treatment T11 =Weed free. It was concluded that [email protected] l/ha with one hand weeding at 45 days after transplanting performed better for controlling weed and maximizing bulb yield of onion. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 83-89

scholarly journals Economics of Weed Control Methods in Transplanted Rice Fields in Mid-hill of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Robinson Adhikary ◽  
Bishnu Bilas Adhikari ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
R Package ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Benefit Cost

To assess economic of different weed control methods on transplanted rice, a research was conducted at farmers’ fields, Bhanu-11, Rupakot, Nepal during the rainy season of 2017. The experiment was laid out using single factorial Randomized Complete Block Designs (RCBD) with three replications of ten treatments as one hand weeding at 21 Days After Transplanting (DAT) (T1); two hand weedings at 21 and 42 DAT (T2); three hand weedings at 21 42 & 63 DAT (T3); single conoweeding at 21 DAT (T4); double cono weedings at 21 &42 DAT (T5); triple cono weedings at 21, 42 &63 DAT (T6); butachlor as pre emergence (T7); butachlor with single manual weeding at 21 DAT (T8); butachlor with double manual weedings at 21 & 42 DAT (T9) and weedy check (T10). All collected data were subjected to analyzed by computer software R package. The results revealed that butachlor as pre-emergence (T7), showed that significantly higher gross return (Rs. 167.51thousand/ha), net profit (Rs. 96.11thousand/ha) and higher benefit-cost ratio (2.346), which is economically viable and profitable and can recommend to the farmers for rainfed lowland condition.

scholarly journals Effect of Weed Management Practices on Economics of Groundnut in Coastal Zone of Karnataka

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Kunal Narwal ◽  
B. S. Yenagi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Benefit Cost

Aims: To assess efficacy and economic viablity of herbicides on weed management in groundnut under groundnut during rabi-summer season. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Kumta, Uttar Kannada, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka) during rabi 2016-2017. Methodology: The experiment comprised nine treatments are as follows. T1: Unweeded check, T2: Weed free check, T3: Two hand weeding (At 20 and 40 DAS), T4: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T5: oxyfluorfen 23.5% E.C. @ 200 g ha-1(PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS, T6: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE)  fb quizalofop-p-ethyl 5% E.C. @ 50 g ha-1 20-30 DAS (POE), T7: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE) fb imazethapyr 10% S.L.  @ 75 g ha-1 20- 30 DAS (POE), T8: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 (PE) fb oxyfluorfen 23.5% E.C. @ 100 g ha-1 at 20-30 DAS (POE), T9: pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS. Results: Among the weed management practices revealed that, higher cost of cultivation ( 53,340 ha-1) under weed free check and pod yield (2255 kg ha-1), gross return ( 92,446 ha-1), net return ( 45,239 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.96) with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 30% E.C. @ 1.5 kg ha-1 followed by one hand weeding at 25 DAS.

scholarly journals ​Effect of Integrated Weed Management on Weed and Yield of Direct Seeded Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryakanta Kashyap ◽  
V.P. Singh ◽  
S.K. Guru ◽  
Tej Pratap ◽  
S.P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact

Background: Weeds are the major threat to direct seeded rice and a single strategy of weed control may not be effective for season-long weed control. Intending to accomplish the long-term and sustainable weed management of direct seeded rice, the integration approach of weed management strategies seems a better alternative. The current field study was aimed to evaluate the impact of integration of different weed control methods on direct seeded rice under irrigated ecosystem on weed growth and rice yield. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and twelve treatments during 2017 at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The twelve treatments included the combination of cultural, mechanical, physical and chemical weed management methods. Result: Combination of stale seedbed technique integrated with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin with mechanical weeding at 25 DAS followed by 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS, Sesbania (line sowing) fb application of pendimethalin (PE) fb 1 mechanical weeding at 25 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS, stale seedbed with application of pendimethalin (PE) with Sesbania brown manuring supplemented with mechanical weeding (25 DAS) fb hand weeding at 45 DAS, mulching with wheat straw mulch along with post-emergence application of penoxsulam (20 DAS) fb 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS and application of pendimethalin (PE) fb penoxsulum (PoE) at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS with a row spacing of 25 cm found to be similar in the suppression of weed population and weed density at 40 and 60 DAS and crop yields (4.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.0 and 4.2 t/ha, respectively) were on par with weed free plot i.e. 4.4t/ha. Application of pendimethalin (PE) fb penoxsulum (PoE) at 20 DAS fb 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS with row spacing of 25cm recorded 93.7%, 90.6% and 4.5% weed control efficiency, weed control index and weed index respectively, which was similar with above integrated weed management treatments. A negative correlation of the weed density and dry matter with the yield of rice was recorded.

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of tank mixed herbicides for control of complex weed flora in soybean (Glycine max L. Merril)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2231-2234
Author(s):  
Mahender Singh ◽  
I. S. Tomar ◽  
J. Morya ◽  
Arjun K. Verma ◽  
R. K. Tripati
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted at ZARS, Jhabua (M.P.) during kharif 2014 to find out most suitable and efficient method of weed control in soybean. The experiment consisted of nine treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications. All the weed management practices led to significant reduction in density and dry matter of weeds as compared to weedy check. Two hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS) recorded lowest weed density (4.9/ m2), weed dry matter (22.35 g/m2) with highest weed control efficiency of 59.67% and found at par with the application of Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g /ha (density 5.48/ m2, dry matter 26.62 g/m2 and WCE of 51.97%) and Imazethapyr @ 35 g /ha + Imazamox @ 35 g/ha (density 6.13/ m2, dry matter 26.00 g/m2 and WCE of 53.08%). Maximum yield of 1782 kg/ha was recorded in two hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS) closely followed by Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g /ha (1723 kg/ha) and Imazethapyr @ 35 g / ha + Imazamox @ 35 g/ha (1697 kg/ha). Reduction in soybean yield in weedy check to be recorded is 38.78 per cent when compared to weed free and 36.68 per cent in comparison to Chlorimuron Ethyl @ 9gm /ha + Quizalofopp-ethyl @ 50 g /ha. However, highest Benefit to Cost ratio is recorded in Chlorimuron Ethyl +Quizalofop-p-ethyl (3.26) closely followed by Imazethapyr + Imazamox (3.22) and Weed free (3.21).

scholarly journals Spinoffs in Mechano - Chemical Approach of Weed Management Practices in Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorious)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Ananya Chakraborty ◽  
Sritama Biswas ◽  
Rajarshi Banerjee ◽  
Srijani Maji ◽  
Pintoo Bandopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl

One of the most important pre-kharif crop in eastern plains is jute. Weed can deplete 70-80% of the crop yield. An experiment was conducted at Mondouri Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, India, during summer season of 2018 and 2019. The design of experiment was Randomized block design with 3 replications and 7 treatments with variety JRO-524 (Navin) for weed control comprised –T1: Pretilachlor 50 EC at 900 ml/ha with irrigation after 48 hrs of sowing + one hand weeding at 15 days after sowing, T2: Quizalofop ethyl 10 EC at 38 g/ha at 15 days after sowing + one hand weeding at 30 days after sowing, T3: Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC at 60 g/ha + Ethoxysulfuron 10 EC at 100 g/ha at 15 days after sowing, T4: Propaquizafop 10 EC at 90 g/ha at 15 days after sowing+ one hand weeding at 30 days after sowing, T5: Nail weeder at 7 days after sowing + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC at 60 g/ha at 30 days after sowing, T6: Un-weeded check and T7: Two hand weeding at 15 and 30 days after sowing. Sowing was done on 28th April 2018 and 30th April in 2019. Predominant monocot weeds were Digiteria sanguinalis, Echinochloa colona, Elusine indica, Cyperus rotundus and dicot weeds were–Digera arvense, Cleome viscose and Physalis minima. Among the treatments, twice hand weeding gave the highest fibre yield alongwith maximum Weed control efficiency, Weed control index, Crop resistance index, Herbicide efficiency index followed by nail weeder induced weed management at 7 days after sowing coupled with herbicide spray of Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC at 60 g/ha at 30 days after sowing which resulted in maximum net return (Rs. 110222/- per ha) with a corresponding highest benefit cost ratio (2.40) and enriched soil microbes population. Considering bio-efficacy of applied treatment, economics and microbial study, nail weeder along with post emergence herbicide application at 30 days after sowing can be advocated for higher revenue as well as better soil health replenishment.

scholarly journals Effects of weed management practices on yield and economics of black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Kavita D. Rajput ◽  
J. P. Bholane ◽  
A.S. Latkar ◽  
V. M. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola,to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr, pendimethalin,fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizalofop -p-ethyl) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence,post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices on weeds .The experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated three times with thirteen treatments. The results revealed that the application of Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence application recorded lowest weed dry weight (2.01), Higher Weed control efficiency (87.42), Lowest weed index (20.46) and significantly higher yield (10.02q/ha),followed by Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence application and twice hand weeding on 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS).Among all the weed control treatments, weed free treatment recorded highest (48410 Rs/ha and 35356 Rs/ha) gross monetary returns and relative net monetary returns in black gram. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha(29368)as well as @ 1.0 kg/ha (29570) and post emergence application of fenoxyprop-p-ethyl @ 0.125 kg/ha (29502) followed by cultural practices of two hand weedings at 15 and 30 days after sowing (24607) were found effective in increasing the seed yield and relative net monetary returns of black gram. Benefit : cost ratio was observed highest under post-emergence application of fenoxyprop-p-ethyl @ 0.125 kg/ha(4.10) among all the weed control practices.

scholarly journals Weed Dynamics and Nutrient Uptake of Maize as Influenced by Different Weed Management Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
V. Chandrika ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
K.V. Nagamadhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Hand Weeding

Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most versatile and emerging food crop of global importance. Weeds are ubiquitous but their presence in wide spaced and initially slow growing crop like maize acts as an obstacle for plentiful harvest. Nutrient uptake by weeds during the first thirty days of maize growth was 59 kg N, 10 kg P2O5 and 59 kg K2O per ha, which was 7-10 times higher than the nutrient uptake by maize.Methods: The present field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2018-19 under irrigated conditions at wetland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati andhra Pradesh, with ten treatments and three replications in a randomized block design.Result: Lower density and dry weight of weeds with higher weed control efficiency, lower nutrient uptake by weeds and higher nutrient up take by maize at 80 DAS, kernel and stover yield was recorded with hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS, which was statistically at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 or tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE or atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb HW at 30 DAS, while these were lowest with weedy check. Higher benefit cost ratio of maize was noticed with both atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE (T3), which was in parity with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE (T2) and hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS (T9). From the present study it may be concluded that atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 or tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE were considered to be the most effective and economic weed management practices to increase the productivity of Rabi maize at times of labour scarcity.

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