Weed Management through Imidazolinones in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
A.K. Dhaka ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Akshay Kumar Vats ◽  
Harender .
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Net Returns

Background: Pulse crops are commonly known as poor man’s meat. Pigeon pea is second most important pulse crops of India after chickpea. Weeds are amongst prime biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield and can cause seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Promising result of weed control by pendimethalin was documented in pigeon pea. Also Imazethapyr is applied as pre and post emergence to control grasses and broad leaved weeds in other pulse crops but limited research was undertaken in pigeon pea. Therefore, current experiment focused to compare the effect of imidazolinones alone and in combination in pigeon pea. Methods: To control weeds in pigeon pea, pre and post-emergence of imidazolinones alone and in combination with pendimethalin was applied. Nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity and economics of pigeon pea were worked out.Conclusion: Among herbicidal treatments, the highest nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity, net returns and benefit cost ratio in pigeon pea were observed in the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g ha-1. Therefore, this treatment may be an effective and profitable alternative to the existing manual and costlier recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality.

scholarly journals Economics of Weed Management Methods as Influenced by Row-Spacing in Cowpea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
O. Adewale Osipitan ◽  
I. Yahaya ◽  
Joseph A. Adigun
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Hand Weeding

Weed management is an important factor that influences the economic importance of cowpea as a cheap source of food and income for many farmers. A study was conducted to evaluate economic benefits of weed management methods used singly or in an integrated approach, and to understand the influence of row-spacing on economic benefits of weed management methods. Total variable cost of cowpea cultivation was substantially influenced by cost of weed control. A single input of hand weeding resulted in higher cost of weed control than a single input of PRE-herbicide for weed control. Increase in weed control inputs or frequency did not guarantee an increase in economic benefits. For example, removing weeds three times with hand at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP) during the cowpea growing season did not necessarily result in the highest yield, but rather increased the variable cost of weed control. Integrating PRE-herbicide and hand weeding for weed management resulted in the highest yield and gross profit. The lowest cost of weed control provided by using PRE-herbicide gave the highest benefit-cost ratio. The differences in economic values of weed management methods were mostly not affected by cowpea row-spacing, but generally, economic benefits of management methods decreased with increase in row-spacing. Practically, this study suggests that minimizing the use of hand weeding by complementing with PRE-herbicide for weed management could help to optimize yield, and increase profitability, particularly under a narrow row-spacing in cowpea cultivation.

scholarly journals Influence of Pre and Post Emergence Herbicides on Weed Dynamics, WCE and Yield of Pigeon Pea under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Yusufali A. Nimbargi ◽  
Narayan S. Mavarkar ◽  
Pandit S. Rathod ◽  
. Ganapathi ◽  
M. S. Nandish
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted at ICAR-KVK, Kalaburgi, during Kharif seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 to adjudge the efficacy of pre and post emergence herbicides against diverse weed flora in pigeonpea ecosystem. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 11 treatments comprising of different pre-emergent herbicides viz., Pendimethalin, Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC and post-emergence premix product herbicides such as Imazamox 35 WG + Imazethapyr 35 WG, Propaquizafop 2.5% + Imazethapyr 3.75%w/w ME  and their different dosages with cultural methods were compared with weed free check and weedy check treatments. Among the different pre and post emeregent herbicides tested against different weed flora,  post emergent application of Propaquizafop 2.5% + Imazethapyr 3.75% w/w ME @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 20-25 days recorded significantly lower weed density, weed dry weight, highest weed control efficiency (91.36%) and lowest weed index (8.78%) and higher grain yield (1209 kg ha-1 ),  net returns (` 43,036 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.35) followed by Propaquizafop 2.5% + Imazethapyr 3.75% w/w  ME @ 1500 ml ha-1 at 20-25 DAS, Imazamox 35 WG + Imazethapyr 35 WG at 100 g ha-1 at 20-25 DAS and HW at 20 and IC 40 and 60 DAS.

scholarly journals Effects of weed management practices on yield and economics of black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Kavita D. Rajput ◽  
J. P. Bholane ◽  
A.S. Latkar ◽  
V. M. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola,to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr, pendimethalin,fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizalofop -p-ethyl) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence,post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices on weeds .The experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated three times with thirteen treatments. The results revealed that the application of Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence application recorded lowest weed dry weight (2.01), Higher Weed control efficiency (87.42), Lowest weed index (20.46) and significantly higher yield (10.02q/ha),followed by Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence application and twice hand weeding on 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS).Among all the weed control treatments, weed free treatment recorded highest (48410 Rs/ha and 35356 Rs/ha) gross monetary returns and relative net monetary returns in black gram. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha(29368)as well as @ 1.0 kg/ha (29570) and post emergence application of fenoxyprop-p-ethyl @ 0.125 kg/ha (29502) followed by cultural practices of two hand weedings at 15 and 30 days after sowing (24607) were found effective in increasing the seed yield and relative net monetary returns of black gram. Benefit : cost ratio was observed highest under post-emergence application of fenoxyprop-p-ethyl @ 0.125 kg/ha(4.10) among all the weed control practices.

Yield Analysis of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) with Mustard (Brassaca juncea) Intercropping System as Influenced by Weed Management Practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Rajput ◽  
B.B. Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl

Background: Intercropping is the more profitable cropping system in Agriculture for marginal hold farmers. In this system risk cover in abiotic stress and farmers have gain one crop mostly who are using herbicide to control weeds. Crops raise fast and with controlled weeds. Scientific approach of intercropping increases the productivity per unit area and per unit time under a situation where two crops are grown in a certain row proportion. The selection of compatible crops is one of the important considerations, in deciding economically viable and feasible intercropping system. Chickpea with mustard is a prominent intercropping system in Indian subcontinent. The majority of the farmers adopt this system under recourse constraint conditions. Since Chickpea is a poor competitor for weeds because of its slow growth and limited leaf area development at early stages of crops growth and establishment.Methods: An experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture Farm Gwalior during Rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in Split-Plot Design with three replications. Eighteen treatment combinations comprising three intercropping systems, viz, chickpea (sole), mustard (sole) and chickpea with mustard were taken as main plot treatments and six weed management practices viz, weedy-check, weed free, fluchloralin@ 1.0kg/ha pre-plant incorporation (PPI), pendimethalin @ 1 kg/ha as pre-emergene, (PE), Isoproturon 0.75 kg/ha as post emergence (POE) and quizalofop -ethyl @50 ml/ha (PoE) as sub plot treatments. The recommended dose of fertilizer in chickpea 18 kg/ha of nitrogen and 46 kg/ha of P2O5 were applied with equal distribution to both the crops through 100 kg /ha diammonium phosphate as basal application at the time of sowing in rows below the seed. A seed rate of 70 kg and 5 kg/ha for chickpea and mustard was used in their sole crops respectively. Result: Chickpea with mustard intercropping system proved to be the most promising system which obtained more net returns and benefit: cost ratio. So for realizing higher net returns and benefit: cost ratio, chickpea with mustard may be recommended to farmers who are interested in taking both the crops instead of their pure stands as it proved to be economically better and feasible in generating more monetary benefits by spending fewer amounts for their better lively hood security as well as land use efficiency.

Productivity enhancement in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as influenced by different improved production technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Hrish Kumar Rachhoya ◽  
Mukesh Sharma ◽  
V. K. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Improved Technology ◽  
The Impact

Sesame is one of the important oilseed crops in India. The major constraint of its low productivity is non-adoption of improved technologies by the farmers. Cluster Frontline demonstrations to highlight the impact of different improved technologies like method of sowing, nutrient management, weed management and adoption of whole package of practices of improved technologies for the crop were conducted at 125 farmers' fields during Kharif 2017 and 2020 under rainfed conditions. The improved technologies improved the yield attributing traits as well as seed yield of the crop. The improved technology recorded a mean yield of 476 kg/ha which was 44.68% higher than that obtained with farmer's practice yield of 329 kg/ha. Higher mean net returns of 33,363/ha with a benefit: cost ratio of 3.28 was obtained with improved technologies in comparison to farmer's practice (mean net returns of 18,222/ha and benefit: cost ratio of 2.25).

scholarly journals Weed Dynamics and Nutrient Uptake of Maize as Influenced by Different Weed Management Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
V. Chandrika ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
K.V. Nagamadhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
Hand Weeding

Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most versatile and emerging food crop of global importance. Weeds are ubiquitous but their presence in wide spaced and initially slow growing crop like maize acts as an obstacle for plentiful harvest. Nutrient uptake by weeds during the first thirty days of maize growth was 59 kg N, 10 kg P2O5 and 59 kg K2O per ha, which was 7-10 times higher than the nutrient uptake by maize.Methods: The present field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2018-19 under irrigated conditions at wetland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati andhra Pradesh, with ten treatments and three replications in a randomized block design.Result: Lower density and dry weight of weeds with higher weed control efficiency, lower nutrient uptake by weeds and higher nutrient up take by maize at 80 DAS, kernel and stover yield was recorded with hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS, which was statistically at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 or tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE or atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb HW at 30 DAS, while these were lowest with weedy check. Higher benefit cost ratio of maize was noticed with both atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE (T3), which was in parity with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE (T2) and hand weeding twice at 15 and 30 DAS (T9). From the present study it may be concluded that atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 or tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE were considered to be the most effective and economic weed management practices to increase the productivity of Rabi maize at times of labour scarcity.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivars and weed management practices on productivity, profitability and energetics of dry direct-seeded rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-447
Author(s):  
Pooja K ◽  
Saravanane P ◽  
Sridevi V ◽  
Nadaradjan S ◽  
Vijayakumar S
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 (thaladi season) at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry to study the effect of cultivars and weed management practices on productivity, profitability and energetics of dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design (SPD) with 15 treatment combinations and replicated thrice. Cultivars (ADT 46, CO 52 and improved white ponni) were assigned to main plots and 5 weed management practices viz. application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 as pre-emergence (PE); bispyribac-sodium @ 0.02 kg a.i ha-1 as post-emergence (POE) at 20 DAS; pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 followed by (fb) bispyribac-sodium @ 0.02 kg a.i ha-1; hand weeding (HW) twice at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check were assigned to sub-plots. Results have shown that cultivars 'ADT 46' was the most promising cultivar for DDSR situation since it recorded the highest grain yield (3.76 t ha-1), energy use efficiency (4.43), energy productivity (0.3 kg MJ-1), net returns (Rs. 43.74 × 103 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (1.52). Among the weed management practices, sequential application of pendimethalin fb bispyribac-sodium found superior over other treatments in terms of grain yield (3.73 t ha-1), energy use efficiency (4.35), energy productivity (0.3 kg MJ-1), net returns (Rs. 42.27× 103 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (1.43). Thus, cultivation of 'ADT 46' integrated with sequential application of pendimethalin fb bispyribac-sodium could be recommended for DDSR under coastal deltaic ecosystem of south India.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF BORON ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OFF-SEASON CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. BOTRYTIS) IN ARGHAKHANCHI, NEPAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Sapana Parajuli ◽  
Biplov Oli ◽  
Surya Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Doses

The research was conducted at Beltari Sandhikharka-10, Arghakhanchi district to study about the effect of various doses of boron on growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) during off-season from February to June in 2020. Five treatments; B0 (control/no application), B1: 2kg/ha, B2: 4kg/ha, B3: 6kg/ha, B4: 8kg/ha which are the different doses of boron application were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant leaf length and leaf breadth of largest leaf were recorded multiple times with 15 days interval. Days to curd initiation and Days from curd initiation to harvest were recorded by regular field observation. The yield parameters; curd weight with leaves, Marketable curd weight, average curd yield, incidence of hollowing were recorded during harvest. The economics from application of boron doses in cauliflower production was obtained in terms of cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns, and benefit cost ratio. The result showed that the growth and yield attributing characters of cauliflower were significantly affected by application of boron in which the value of these parameters was found significantly higher in B1 followed by other treatments. The average curd yield of cauliflower in B1 was found to be 12.39 mt/ha which was 48.92% higher than that of B0 with curd yield 8.32 mt/ha. Similarly, the net return was found significantly the highest in B1 and the lowest in B0. The result showed that application of boron in the range of 2-4 kg/ha is preferred to control and higher doses in respect of both productivity and economics.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

scholarly journals Profitability and yield gap between research station and farm level of Binamoog-8

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-688
Author(s):  
Syful Islam ◽  
Mangal Chandra Chanda ◽  
Mohammad Rashidul Haque ◽  
Razia Sultana ◽  
Muhammad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Power Tiller ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Labour Power

Estimating profitability and yield gap between research station and farm level of Binamoog-8 was conducted in five major Binamoog-8 growing areas of Bangladesh, namely Ishwardi, Magura, Natore, Jessore and Meherpur. The average cost of production in farm level of Binamoog-8 is Tk. 47373.55ha-1 and higher in Ishwardi (Tk. 53454.92 ha-1) followed by Meherpur, Magura, Natore and Jessore of Tk. 45160.28, Tk. 44300.14, Tk. 45232.95 and Tk. 48719.47 per hectare, respectively .The major shares of total cost were human labour, power tiller and irrigation. The net returns were Tk. 41160, Tk. 42902.30, Tk. 53603.18, Tk. 47494.60 and Tk. 40437.16 per hectare followed in Ishwardi, Meherpur, Magura, Natore and Jessore, respectively. The highest net return (Tk. 53603.18 ha-1) comes from Magura district for Binamoog-8.The undiscounted average benefit cost ratio over full cost basis were 1.77, 1.95, 2.21, 2.05 and 1.83 for Binamoog-8 in field level for Ishwardi, Meherpur, Magura, Natore and Jessore, respectively. The average yield gap of Binamoog-8 in farm level and research station was 129.05 kg per hectare. The yield gap between research station and farm level were 102.97 kg, 185.50 kg, 45.85 kg, 128.50 kg and 182.45 kg per hectare for Binamoog-8 in Ishwardi, Meherpur, Magura, Natore and Jessore, respectively. The highest yield gap between research station and field level was in Meherpur (185.50 kg per hectare) and lowest in Magura (45.85 kg per hectare). Farmers were facing various constraints in Binamoog-8 cultivation. Different strategies, such as lack of quality seed and fertilizer in appropriate time, lack of credit facilities, rainfall during germination period, insect infestation and pathogen infection, pod maturity in different times have been discussed as strategies to minimize yield gaps.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 685-688

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