Effect of Male Planting Date and Female Plant Population on Hybrid Maize Yield and Evaluation of Use of Hybrid-Maize Simulation Model for Grain Yield Estimation in Hybrid Maize Seed Production

The study was carried out to determine the effect of male planting date (MPD) and female plant population (FPP) on the grain yield (GY) performance of a three-way hybrid and to evaluate Hybrid-Maize simulation model for grain yield estimation in hybrid seed maize production. Fifteen treatment combinations of five MPD as a deviation from the female planting date and three FPP replicated three times were used. The Hybrid-Maize simulation model programme was used to forecast the possible GY outcomes for the fifteen treatments of the experiment using estimated parameters and weather data for the 2006/7 season. The field experiment produced significant (P < 0.005) main effects but non-significant interaction effects for GY, yield components and antheis-silking interval (ASI). Female seed yield was affected by time of male pollen shed relative to female silking: ASI, with highest yields associated with close synchrony (ASI= +/-3 days). ASI had a significant effect on the number of kernels per ear (KPE), with the greatest KPE (318) associated with an ASI of +/-3 days. FPP effects on yield are typical for maize, showing a curvilinear response from low to high density. The optimum population density for GY was 5.4 plants m-2. Simulation output from the Hybrid-Maize simulation model showed an overestimation of GY compare to the observed yield. Furthermore, the model was unable to predict yields for the low FPP of 2.7 plants m-2. We found that Hybrid-Maize simulation model has limited potential for simulating hybrid maize seed production, as it does not accommodate limitations that may occur during the growing season: difference in male and female planting dates, pollen density and dispersion. Hence, the fixed parameters for the Hybrid-Maize simulation model can only be used in maize commercial production.

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Effect of Planting Date, Seed Treatment, and Cultivar on Plant Population, Sudden Death Syndrome, and Yield of Soybean

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-16-0146-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (8) ◽

pp. 1735-1743 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yuba R. Kandel ◽

Kiersten A. Wise ◽

Carl A. Bradley ◽

Albert U. Tenuta ◽

Daren S. Mueller

Keyword(s):

Sudden Death ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Planting Date ◽

Plant Population ◽

Disease Index ◽

Sudden Death Syndrome ◽

Yield Response ◽

Date Seed

A 2-year study was conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Ontario in 2013 and 2014 to determine the effects of planting date, seed treatment, and cultivar on plant population, sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme, and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max). Soybean crops were planted from late April to mid-June at approximately 15-day intervals, for a total of three to four plantings per experiment. For each planting date, two cultivars differing in SDS susceptibility were planted with and without fluopyram seed treatment. Mid-May plantings resulted in higher disease index compared with other planting dates in two experiments, early June plantings in three, and the remaining six experiments were not affected by planting date. Soil temperature at planting was not linked to SDS development. Root rot was greater in May plantings for most experiments. Resistant cultivars had significantly lower disease index than the susceptible cultivar in 54.5% of the experiments. Fluopyram reduced disease severity and protected against yield reductions caused by SDS in nearly all plantings and cultivars, with a maximum yield response of 1,142 kg/ha. Plant population was reduced by fluopyram seed treatment and early plantings in some experiments; however, grain yield was not affected by these reductions. Yields of plots planted in mid-June were up to 29.8% less than yields of plots planted in early May. The lack of correlation between early planting date and SDS severity observed in this study indicates that farmers do not have to delay planting in the Midwest to prevent yield loss due to SDS; cultivar selection combined with fluopyram seed treatment can reduce SDS in early-planted soybean (late April to mid May).

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The effect of foliar and soil applied molybdenum treatments on the molybdenum concentration of maize grain

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9760761 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 16 (82) ◽

pp. 761 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

RG Weir ◽

RK Nagle ◽

JB Noonan ◽

AGW Towner

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Foliar Sprays ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

Molybdenum Concentration

Soil and foliar treatments to raise the concentration of molybdenum in maize grain were compared. Both methods raised molybdenum concentrations in the grain and leaves, but the foliar sprays were more effective. Spraying when the maize plants were 80 cm tall increased the molybdenum concentration in the seed more than earlier spraying when the plants were only 30 cm tall. None of the treatments affected grain yield or the nitrogen concentration in the grain or leaves. Foliar sprays should allow a reduction in the rates of molybdenum now needed to maintain adequate levels in certified hybrid maize seed.

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Profitability of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Production Under Contract Farming in Bangladesh: A Farm Level Study

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11237 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 327-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Haque ◽

Monir Uz Zaman ◽

MS Rahman ◽

QM Alam

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

High Price ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Private Company ◽

Public Agency ◽

Net Return ◽

Hybrid Maize

The study was conducted with three catagories of seed producers, namely BADC farms at Dattanagar, Jhenaidah and Tabunia, Pabna as public agency, LAL TEER Seed Company in Lalmonirhat district as private company and BRAC farm in Bogra district as NGO during Rabi season of 2007-08 to know the present status and profitability of hybrid maize seed production. A total of 60 hybrid maize seed contract growers and 120 maize (Non-seed) growers were selected randomly for the study. The cost of production was found higher for NGO (Tk. 66472/ha) than the public agency (64836/ha) and private company (Tk. 59352/ha). The yield of hybrid seed was highest under NGO (3780 kg/ha) than that of public agency and private company. Net return of hybrid seed production for contract growers was higher under public agency (Tk. 78204/ha) compared to private company (Tk. 39088/ha) and NGO (Tk. 33246/ha). Benefit cost ratio (BCR) was higher for the contract growers of public agency (2.21) Net return of hybrid maize seed production was 50% higher than that of non-seed production. High price of seed and lack of technical knowledge were major constraints of hybrid maize seed production in the study areas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11237 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 327-334, June 2012

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Simulating kernel number under different water regimes using the Water-Flowering Model in hybrid maize seed production

Agricultural Water Management ◽

10.1016/j.agwat.2018.07.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 209 ◽

pp. 188-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jintao Wang ◽

Shaozhong Kang ◽

Xiaotao Zhang ◽

Taisheng Du ◽

Ling Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Kernel Number ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Hybrid Maize

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Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering ◽

10.15302/j-fase-2016091 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hui RAN ◽

Shaozhong KANG ◽

Fusheng LI ◽

Ling TONG ◽

Taisheng DU

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Maize Seed ◽

West China ◽

North West ◽

Hybrid Maize

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Plant population is the function of grain yield of maize

Open Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.17352/ojps.000042 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103-107

Author(s):

Mian MAK ◽

Kakon SS ◽

Zannat ST ◽

Begum AA

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Functional Relationship ◽

Functional Model ◽

Plant Population ◽

Rabi Season ◽

Area Index ◽

Good Consistency ◽

Plant Population Density ◽

Hybrid Maize

A field experiment on hybrid maize with different plant population density was conducted at the Agronomy field of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur during the consecutive rabi season of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. Five plant population density viz; T1= 66666 plants/ha (75cm × 20cm spacing: 6.67 plants/m2), T2= 83333 plants/ha (60cm × 20cm spacing:8.33 plants/m2), T3=100000 plants/ha (50cm × 20cm spacing:10 plants/m2), T4=125000 plants/ha (40cm × 20cm spacing:12.5 plants/m2) and T5=166666 plants/ha (30cm × 20cm spacing:16.67 plants/m2) were used in the experiment. LAI (leaf area index) and TDM (total dry matter) increased with the increase of plant population, those influenced grain yield of maize. The highest grain yield (10.12-10.78 t/ha) was recorded in T3 (100000 plants/ha) and the lowest (5.02-5.33t/ha) in T5 (166666 plants/ha) treatment. Functional relationship between plant population and grain yield of maize was established as Y = 2.0795x-0.1067x2; (R² = 0.92). The effect of plant population on the grain yield of maize could be explained 92% by the functional model. The co- efficient indicated that increase of one plant/m2 would increase grain yield at the rate of 2.0795 t/ha up to a certain limit. The estimated optimum plant population was 9.74 plants/m2 (974000 plants/ha) through functional model. Then the predicted maximum grain yield would be 10.13 t/ha at that optimum plant population of 9.74 plants/m2 (974000 plants/ha). There existed a good consistency between observed and predicted grain yield of maize (r=0.96 at p<0.01 and R2=0.97; using the developed functional model).

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Joint optimization of irrigation and planting pattern to guarantee seed quality, maximize yield, and save water in hybrid maize seed production

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2019.125970 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 125970 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jintao Wang ◽

Shanshan Guo ◽

Shaozhong Kang ◽

Yufeng Wang ◽

Taisheng Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Joint Optimization ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Hybrid Maize

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Staining techniques to ascertain CMS/FR system in maize (Zea mays L.) for hybrid development

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.5.3.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (03) ◽

Author(s):

ISHFAQ ABIDI ◽

G ALI ◽

ZA DAR ◽

SHABIR H WANI ◽

ASIF M IQBAL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Female Parent ◽

Production Costs ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Maize Pollen ◽

Seed Industry ◽

Great Utility ◽

Staining Techniques ◽

Hybrid Maize

The major hurdle impeding the wide adoption of hybrid maize, in developing countries particularly in high altitudes of Indian Himalayas has been the cost consideration. Hybrid maize seed is generally 4-10 times more expensive than the seed of OPVs and often beyond the purchasing power of poor farmers who have limited resources and little access to the credit facilities. The seed production costs, therefore, need to be reduced drastically to make it available to the farmers at affordable prices. Currently, the hybrid maize seed is produced by detasseling of seed parent is labour intensive and costs 280-300 US dollars per hectare. Cytoplasmic male sterility (genetic emasculation) therefore, has been looked since long back as a sound and sustainable alternative to bring down the hybrid seed production costs besides adding purity to the end product. CMS plants are characterized by their inability to produce viable pollen while having little or no effect on female fertility. The unique pattern of inheritance (CMS is transmitted only through female parent) has enabled the CMS trait to be of great utility to plant breeders and the commercial seed industry. Staining techniques used in present investigation helped in the objective classification of maize pollen into fertile and sterile phenotypes in maize.

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Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potential of hybrid maize seed production in northwestern China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-316315/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Liu ◽

Wushuai Zhang ◽

Xiaozhong Wang ◽

Yanjun Guo ◽

Xinping Chen

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Seed Production ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Northwest China ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Maize Seed ◽

Quantitative Evidence ◽

Hybrid Maize

Abstract Although hybrid maize seed production is one of the most important agriculture systems worldwide, its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and potential mitigation measures have not been studied. In this study, we used life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify the GHG emissions of 150 farmers run by 6 companies in an area of northwest China known for hybrid maize seed production. The results indicated that the average reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses and GHG emissions from hybrid maize seed production were 53 kg N ha− 1 and 8077 kg CO2 eq ha− 1, respectively, which are higher than those of the conventional maize production system. Furthermore, the average nitrogen and carbon footprints of the process were 12.2 kg N Mg− 1 and 1495 kg CO2 eq Mg− 1, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer and electricity consumption for irrigation were the main contributors to high GHG emissions, accounting for 60% and 30% of the total, respectively. The GHG emissions from seed production for different companies varied greatly with their resource input. There was also a large variation in environmental burdens among the 150 farmers. Based on an analysis of the yield group, we found that the carbon footprint of the first group (the one with the highest yield) was 27% lower than the overall average. Scenario analysis suggests that a combined reduction of N input rate, optimizing irrigation, and increasing yield can eventually mitigate the carbon footprint of hybrid maize seed production by 37%. An integrated systematic approach (e.g., ISSM: integrated soil-crop system management) can reduce the GHG emissions involved in producing hybrid maize seeds. This study provides quantitative evidence and a potential strategy for GHG emissions reduction of hybrid maize seed production.

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RICE GRAIN YIELD ESTIMATION OVER SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES USING ISRO’S SCATSAT-1 KU-BAND SCATTEROMETER DATA

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w6-257-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XLII-3/W6 ◽

pp. 257-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Tripathy ◽

B. K. Bhattacharya ◽

P. Tahlani ◽

P. Gaur ◽

S. S. Ray

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Grain Yield ◽

State Level ◽

Planting Date ◽

Rice Crop ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Yield Estimation ◽

Back Scattering ◽

Ku Band

Abstract. Rice crop monitoring and yield prediction at country-scale can be effectively done using high-repeat active microwave remote sensors due to its all-weather observation capability of land surface. The Ku-band with a frequency of 13.515&thinsp;GHz has the ability to interact with the surface layer and hence is useful for providing information on top portion of canopy and hence the grain and awns of rice crop. Also it has the capability to generate information over the whole region of South Asia in one day. Hence the present study was carried out to explore the super resolved Ku band back scattering coefficient from space borne scatterometer (SCATSAT-1) for rice productivity assessment over six Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka). The super resolved sigma-0 in both polarization (H and V) for the kharif rice season of 2017 (May to Mid-Nov) was used for this study. The temporal backscatter was used to generate rice planting date using polynomial fitting. Multiple regression models were developed using the daily SH/SV ratio and the farm-level fresh paddy yield collected through the Crop Cutting Experiment (CCE). The validation of the model was done for India at state level. For other countries national average reported yield was compared with the estimated yield. The rice planting date was found to vary from first week of June to last week of August in different parts of the six countries. Country average yield was found to vary from 3.45&thinsp;t&thinsp;ha&minus;1 in Sri Lanka to 4.32&thinsp;t&thinsp;ha&minus;1 in Myanmar. The absolute difference was lowest in India (8 %) followed by Sri Lanka (&minus;11&thinsp;%) and maximum in Nepal (35&thinsp;%). In Indian states, the validation results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.95 at state level with a RMSE of 0.28&thinsp;t&thinsp;ha&minus;1 (11.4&thinsp;% of mean reported yield). This study showed the possibility of using high frequency and high resolution Ku-band back scattering coefficient for rice grain yield estimation at continental scale such as Asia. The yield estimation can be further improved with the use of country-wise crop cutting data for model development and validation.

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