Distribution of Common Maize Diseases and Molecular Characterization of Maize Streak Virus in Kenya

Maize is an important food crop in Kenya and is susceptible to a wide range of diseases. A survey was conducted in 2012 in different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Kiambu, Embu and Nakuru counties to determine the distribution of northern leaf blight (NLB), common rust (CR), maize streak disease (MSD), gray leaf spot (GLS), head smut (HS) and common smut (CS). Data collected included prevalence, incidence and severity of each of the diseases. Maize leaf samples infected with MSD were also collected for molecular characterization of Maize streak virus (MSV). Northern leaf blight was reported in all counties surveyed with 100% disease prevalence. Kiambu had the highest incidence (100%) of CR whereas Embu had the highest prevalence (45%) of MSD. The incidences of GLS and HS were very low with averages of below 2.5%. The highest incidence of GLS was in Kiambu (5%). High altitude areas had higher incidences of NLB and GLS while CS and MSD were widespread in the three counties. Comparison of 797 nucleotides from the open reading frame (ORF) C2/C1 of MSV with other sequences from the GenBank showed sequence similarities of 99 to 100% with MSV-A strain. The study revealed that the major foliar diseases of maize are widespread in Kenya and therefore there is need to institute measures to manage these diseases and reduce associated losses. Also, the high percent sequence similarities of MSV indicate low variability which is good for breeders since developed resistant varieties can be adopted over a wider region.

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Identification and molecular characterization of a novel sugarcane streak mastrevirus and an isolate of the A-strain of maize streak virus from sugarcane in Nigeria

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s00705-016-3148-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 162 (2) ◽

pp. 597-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Adama Yahaya ◽

Danladi B. Dangora ◽

Matthew D. Alegbejo ◽

P. Lava Kumar ◽

Olufemi J. Alabi

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Maize Streak Virus ◽

Streak Virus

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Morphological and molecular characterization of Neopestalotiopsis vitis associated with leaf blight disease of Manilkara zapota – A new record from India

Letters in Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/lam.13521 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B. R. Nuthan ◽

B. R. Meghavarshinigowda ◽

S. S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽

S. Mahadevakumar ◽

K. M. Marulasiddaswamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

New Record ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Manilkara Zapota ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Morphological And Molecular Characterization

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Paucimyces polynucleatus gen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the faeces of a wild blackbuck antelope

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijsem.0.004832 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Radwa A. Hanafy ◽

Noha H. Youssef ◽

Mostafa S. Elshahed

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Subunit ◽

New Genus And Species ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Wide Range ◽

Culture Independent ◽

Antilope Cervicapra ◽

Spherical Vesicles ◽

Sequence Similarities

The anaerobic gut fungi (AGF; phylum Neocallimastigomycota) reside in the alimentary tracts of herbivores. Multiple novel, yet-uncultured AGF taxa have recently been identified in culture-independent diversity surveys. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of the first representative of the RH5 lineage from faecal samples of a wild blackbuck (Indian Antelope, Antilope cervicapra) from Sutton County, Texas, USA. The isolates displayed medium sized (2–4 mm) compact circular colonies on agar roll tubes and thin loose biofilm-like growth in liquid medium. Microscopic examination revealed monoflagellated zoospores and polycentric thalli with highly branched nucleated filamentous rhizomycelium, a growth pattern encountered in a minority of described AGF genera so far. The obtained isolates are characterized by formation of spherical vesicles at the hyphal tips from which multiple sporangia formed either directly on the spherical vesicles or at the end of sporangiophores. Phylogenetic analysis using the D1/D2 regions of the large ribosomal subunit (D1/D2 LSU) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) revealed sequence similarities of 93.5 and 81.3%, respectively, to the closest cultured relatives (Orpinomyces joyonii strain D3A (D1/D2 LSU) and Joblinomyces apicalis strain GFH681 (ITS1). Substrate utilization experiments using the type strain (BB-3T) demonstrated growth capabilities on a wide range of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, including glucose, xylose, mannose, fructose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, lactose, cellulose, xylan, starch and raffinose. We propose accommodating these novel isolates in a new genus and species, for which the name Paucimyces polynucleatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

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Belonolaimidae: Belonolaimus species.

10.1079/9781789247367.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100-105

Author(s):

Ziaul Haque ◽

Mujeebur Rahman Khan

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Detailed Account ◽

Pest Risk Analysis ◽

Management Measures ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pest Risk

Abstract The sting nematode, Belonolaimus spp., is one of the most destructive nematode pests of turfgrass and attacks a wide range of monocotyledonous plants and gymnosperms, including vegetables, legumes, cereals, etc. This chapter includes information on: geographical distribution; host ranges; symptoms; biology and life cycle; ecology; physiological races; economic importance; invasiveness; pest risk analysis; movement and means of dispersal; management measures; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological, biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular characterization, of Belonolaimus species.

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Identification and characterization of maize lines resistant to leaf diseases

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Kaian Albino Corazza Kaefer ◽

Adilson Ricken Schuelter ◽

Ivan Schuster ◽

Jonatas Marcolin ◽

Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Block Design ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Northern Leaf Blight ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

White Leaf

Among the maize leaf diseases, white leaf spot, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and southern rust are recognized not only by the potential for grain yield reduction but also by the widespread occurrence in the producing regions of Brazil and the world. The aim of this study was to characterize common maize lines for resistance to white leaf spot, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and southern rust and suggest crosses based on the genetic diversity detected in SNP markers. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in order to characterize 72 maize lines. Genotypic values were predicted using the REML/BLUP procedure. These 72 lines were genotyped with SNP markers using the 650K platform (Affymetrix®) for the assessment of the genetic diversity. Genetic diversity was quantified using the Tocher and UPGMA methods. The existence of genetic variability for disease resistance was detected among maize lines, which made possible to classify them into three large groups (I, II, and III). The maize lines CD 49 and CD50 showed a good performance and can be considered sources of resistance to diseases. Therefore, their use as gene donors in maize breeding programs is recommended. Considering the information of genetic distance together with high heritability for leaf diseases, backcrossing of parent genotypes with different resistance levels, such as those of the lines CD49 x CD69 and CD50 x CD16, may result in new gene combinations, as they are divergent and meet good performances.

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