scholarly journals Induction of Phytoalexins Gliceoline and Proteins Related to Defense in Soybean Cotyledon Treated With Yeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Eloisa Lorenzetti ◽  
Jeferson Carlos Carvalho ◽  
Alfredo José Alves Neto ◽  
Camila Hendges ◽  
Taís Regina Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Pichia Guilliermondii ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Soybean Cotyledon ◽  
Sporidiobolus Johnsonii

Yeasts can induce mechanisms of plant resistance due to compounds with eliciting characteristics, so the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of yeast on the induction of phytoalexins gliceoline, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from soy cotyledons. To determine the defense enzymes, soybean seeds were sown and the cotyledons treated with sterile distilled water, Cryptococcus laurentii (AH 03-1), Pichia guilliermondii (AH 16-2), Rhodotorula glutinis (AH 14-3), Sporidiobolus johnsonii (AH 16-1) and Zygoascus hellenicus (AH 14-1). Biochemical analyzes of the formation of phytoalexins and the activity of the enzymes peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and total proteins were performed. For phytoalexins glycerolins the yeasts Cryptococcus laurentii (AH 03-1) and Zygoascus hellenicus (AH 14-1) promoted an increase of 83.65% and 78.75% in the formation of this compound. Cryptococcus laurentii (AH 03-1) increased peroxidase activity by 36.84%, while for polyphenoloxidase, the Pichiaguilliermondii e yeasts (AH 16-2), Rhodotorula glutinis (AH 14-3), Sporidiobolus johnsonii (AH 16-1) and Zygoascus hellenicus (AH 14-1), increased the activity of this enzyme by 33.33%, 28.00%, 33.33% and 33.33%, respectively. For phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, Cryptococcus laurentii (AH 03-1) and Zygoascushellenicus (AH 14-1) promoted an increase of 75.57% and 78.86%, respectively, in their activity. The results demonstrate the potential of yeasts studied in the induction of phytoalexins glyceolins and in the activity of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in soybean cotyledons.

scholarly journals Potential of Beauveria bassiana formulations to control Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e969108097
Author(s):  
Flavia Galvan Tedesco ◽  
Everton Ricardi Lozano ◽  
Sérgio Miguel Mazaro ◽  
Raiza Abati ◽  
Michele Potrich
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Resistance Induction ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana

This study evaluated the potential of four formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for the control of Thaumastocoris peregrinus. For this, the leaves of Eucalyptus dunni were immersed in each delivery of B. bassiana, isolated IBCB 66, and also in sterile distilled water containing Tween 80® (0.01%) (control), totaling five treatments, with five repetitions each. These leaves were placed in germination boxes containing 10 insects in each and, subsequently, kept in an air-conditioned room (27 ± 2 ° C, 60 ± 10% RH, and 12-h photophase). Record longevity for seven days. The experiment was carried out with adults and also with 3rd instar nymphs of T. peregrinus. These formulations were tested for resistance induction, using organic soybean seeds (standard) sown in sand. Ten days after emergence, 40 µL of treatment suspension was competent in 2 mm cuts made on the top of the cotyledon. Phytoalexins and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were determined. All formulations caused a reduction in the longevity of T. peregrinus when compared to the control, standing out as formulations T1 and T2, both for adults and for 3rd instar nymphs of T. peregrinus. The T2 expansion also promotes an increase in the production of phytoalexins and PAL. Thus, the IBCB 66 isolate from B. bassiana, supplied T1, has the potential to control nymphs and adults of T. peregrinus and is also a potential resistance inducer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yeast Potential in the Biological Control of Colletotrichum orbiculare in Cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Renata F. Barabasz ◽  
Rayssa H. da Silva ◽  
Monica C. Sustakowski ◽  
Odair J. Kuhn ◽  
Jeferson C. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Pichia Guilliermondii ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the yeasts Candida albicans, Pichia guilliermondii, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygoascus hellenicus in the control of anthracnose in cucumbers. The influence of volatile and non-volatile compounds on mycelial growth and the effect of cell suspension and culture filtrate on conidial germination were evaluated. In a greenhouse, yeasts were tested on cucumber cotyledons, one cotyledon being treated and the other not; afterwards both cotyledons were challenged with C. orbiculare. The severity of the disease in both cotyledons was assessed by determining biological control and resistance induction. The production of volatile compounds from the yeasts R. glutinis and C. albicans reduced the pathogen growth by 90.7 and 90.0%, respectively. The production of non-volatile compounds stimulated the pathogen development. Conidia germination was affected when exposed to cell suspension of all tested isolates, ranging from 43 to 75%. For the culture filtrate from Z. hellenicus, it reduced the conidia germination by 11.4%. In the in vivo test, on the treated cotyledon, the yeasts Z. hellenicus, R. glutinis and S. cerevisiae reduced the anthracnose severity by 52.5, 50.0 and 42.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Control of Postharvest Decay in Pear by Four Laboratory-Grown Yeasts and Two Registered Biocontrol Products

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sugar ◽  
Robert A. Spotts
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Candida Oleophila ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Second Year

Control of blue mold decay in Bosc pears was studied with the laboratory-grown yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis, Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus, and two strains of Cryptococcus laurentii, as well as registered biocontrol products Aspire, containing the yeast Candida oleophila, and Bio-Save 11 (now Bio-Save 110), containing the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Both thiabendazole (TBZ)-sensitive and TBZ-resistant strains of Penicillium expansum were used. Aspire treatment reduced the average lesion diameter by approximately 65 and 45%, and reduced decay incidence by 27 and 9% with TBZ-resistant and TBZ-sensitive P. expansum, respectively, in the first year of the study, but did not result in significant decay control in the second year. Bio-Save 11 reduced decay lesion diameter by 32 to 72% and incidence by 21 to 40% over the 2 years. In both years, TBZ-sensitive P. expansum was completely controlled by the combination of either C. laurentii (both strains), R. glutinis, or C. infirmo-miniatus with 100 ppm TBZ. With TBZ-resistant P. expansum, control of wound infection with these yeasts alone or with 100 ppm TBZ ranged from 62.9 to 100%. In a packinghouse trial, control by Bio-Save 110 + 100 ppm TBZ and Aspire + 100 ppm TBZ was not different than control by TBZ at 569 ppm, the maximum label rate. The amount of decay following Aspire + 100 ppm TBZ treatment was significantly less than the amount of decay following Bio-Save 110 + 100 ppm TBZ treatment.

scholarly journals Rhodotorula glutinis: STRAIN ENRICHMENT AND EVALUATION OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jason MacDonald ◽  
Godwin B. D'Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Yeast Extract Medium ◽  
Extract Medium ◽  
Phenylalanine Methyl Ester

2006 NSIS Honourable Mention, Undergraduate Student ResearchPrize Winning PaperThe enrichment of a Rhodotorula glufinis strain and the determination of itsphenylalanine ammonia lyase (E.C.4.3.1.5 - PAL) activity and attempts to measure peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1. 7) activity included conventional mycological procedures along with chemical and microscopic examination. Sabouraud dextrose medium was found to be the most suitable for cell growth, but cells grown on yeast-extract medium exhibited optimal enzyme activity. Growth and PAL activity were measured in yeast cells grown in yeast-extract broth medium for 24-27 h. The appearance of a reddish pink color associated with the yeast cells coincided with the appearance of appreciable PAL activity. The maximum PAL activity and biomass of yeast obtained in the yeast extract medium ranged from 33 to 35 unitslmg dry cells and 7.5 to 8.0 g dry cells/l, respectively. In addition to phenylalanine, Rhodatowla PAL also used phenylalanine methyl-ester as a substrate. No peroxidase activity was found in these R. glutinis cells.L'enrichissement de la souche de Rhodatarula glutinis et la detenmination de l'activite de la phenylalanine ammoniac-lyase (E.C.4.3.1.5 - PAL) chez cette souche, de meme que les tentatives de mesure de I'activite de la peroxydase (E.C.1 .11.1 .7), ont compris I'utilisation de procedures mycologiques traditionnelles ainsi que des examens microscopiques et chimiques. Nous avons constate que la gelose Sabouraud au dextrose est Ie meilleur milieu pour assurer la croissance cellulaire, mais que l'activite enzymatique est optimale dans les cellules cultivees sur un milieu a base d'extrait de levure. Nousavons mesure la croissance de cellulesde levure culliveesdans un bouillon a base d'extrait de levure pendant 24 a 27 heures et nous avons mesure I'activite de la PAL dans ces memes cellules. L'apparition d'une couleur rose rougeatre associee aux cellules de levure a coIncide avec Ie debut d'une periode d'activite notable de laPAL. L'activite maxima Ie de la PAL obtenue dans Ie milieu a base d'exlrait de levure a varie de 33 a 35 unites par mg de cellules seches, tandis que la biomasse de levure maximale obtenue dans Ie meme milieu a varie de 7,5 a 8,0 9 de cellules seches par litre. En plus de la phenylalanine, la PAlde Rhodotorula a utilise I'ester methylique de la phenylalanine comme substrat. Aucune activite de la peroxydase n'a ete observee dans ces cellules de R. glutinis.•

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