scholarly journals Market and Welfare Effects of Food Security Policies on Smallholder Rice Farmers and Consumers in Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ajuba Sheriff ◽  
Kepifri A. Lakoh ◽  
Bob K. Conteh ◽  
Tharcisse Nkunzimana
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Rice Farmers

This research examines the market and welfare effects of three food security policy options in Sierra Leone in response to the high rate of rice importation and rising rice prices over the last decade. These policies aimed at curbing the rate of rice importation, promoting local rice production, and enhancing welfare of smallholder rice farmers in rural communities. The policies investigated included: 1) reinstating tariffs on rice imports, 2) promoting value-chain strengthening interventions that increase production of locally produced rice and 3) instituting a quota (or some quantity restriction) on rice imports. A log-linear comparative static displacement model was used to carry out the analysis. For the first policy, 20%, 30% and 40% shocks were introduced in the equilibrium system to represent decreases in the quantity of rice imported as a result of reinstating tariffs on imported rice. Results revealed that welfare of consumers and or smallholder farmers of locally produced rice was enhanced by 9.4% at a 10% tariff increase and 17.8% at a 20% tariff increase. Consumers of imported rice had their welfare enhanced by 3.5% at a 10% tariff increase while welfare was dis-enhanced by 5.4% at a 20% tariff increase. With a 10% increase in the supply of locally produced rice, there was a corresponding welfare enhancement on smallholder rice farmers and consumers by 14.43% and by 27% for a 20% increase in supply. Marginal increases were recorded for consumers of imported rice. The results show that the optimal policy in the current post-Ebola national recovery environment is one that increases local rice production through cultivation intensification and rice value chain efficiency.

The Impact of IFAD-Value Chain Development Programme to Rice Yield and Income Among Smallholder Farmers in Ardo-Kola LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
E.D Oruonye ◽  
◽  
Tukura Ejati Danladi ◽  
M Joseph ◽  
Menwo Ukechi Wilson-Osigwe
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
The Impact

The study assesses the impact of IFAD-VCDP on rice yield and farmers’ income, as well as constraints to IFAD-VCDP implementation in the study area. A purposive sampling method was adopted to select 220 rice farmers. Primary and secondary data were used. Questionnaires were used to collect information from the beneficiaries of the programme. The respondents verified the claims of the programme with respect to the provisions of farm inputs, extension service and basic infrastructures. A paired-samples t-test was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that 55% of the respondents have yields between 1–10 bags (100kg) and after the intervention, 52% of the respondents had yield of 61–80 bags (100kg). Similarly, 43% of the respondents have income between N51,000-N70,000 before the intervention programme and after the intervention, 52% of the respondents have income between N141,000-N170,000 and 42% have between N171,000-N200,000. This shows significant positive impacts on crop yield and income. The results of the paired-sample t-test show that there is difference in the mean income of rice farmers before IFAD-VCDP intervention (M = 2.54, SD = .81) and after IFAD-VCDP intervention (M = 4.35, SD = .59) at the .05 level of significance (t = 27.25, df = 219, n = 220, p< .05, 95% CI for mean difference 1.68 to 1.94). Given the positive impact of the IFAD-value chain development programme on rice farming in the study area, there is a need to extend it to other rice-producing LGA in Taraba State. Keywords: Ardo Kola, IFAD, Rice farming, Smallholder farmers and VCDP.

scholarly journals Linking Household Food Security and Food Value Chains in North West Mt. Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4999
Author(s):  
Veronica Mwangi ◽  
Samuel Owuor ◽  
Boniface Kiteme ◽  
Markus Giger ◽  
Johanna Jacobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
North West ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Value

Smallholder farmers and pastoralists produce the largest proportion of food consumed in sub-Saharan Africa. However, they remain among the food insecure populations. This paper explores the food (in)security among smallholder farmers and pastoralists using a sample of 175 households in three agro-food value chains of wheat, dairy, and beef in the north-west Mt. Kenya region. The study seeks to answer if a farmer’s participation in a particular agro-food value chain determines his/her food security situation. We use the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and two Poisson regression models, parsimonious and full, to assess the household food security status and determinants of food security among the smallholder farmers and pastoralists. The results show that 61% of the households were either mildly, moderately, or severely food insecure. Households in the beef value chain experienced relatively higher incidences of food insecurity compared to households in the wheat and dairy value chains. The HFIAS scores revealed a wide gap between households with minimum and maximum score. Household size, income and income-related variables (ability to save and borrow to meet family needs), transport assets, membership in farmers’ associations, and household energy were significant in determining household food security, while access to credit and to extension services was not. Strategies that focus on boosting smallholder farmers’ incomes, building strong and resilient farmers associations to improve inclusive and equitable value chains have the potential to get smallholder farmers out of recurrent food insecurity.

scholarly journals Economic Efficiency of Rice Farming:

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazeem Aboaba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Public Market

The future of agriculture is dependent on increase in the use of resources at disposal, it is therefore imperative that strategies to increase agricultural growth should be directed towards increasing efficiency of smallholder farming operations and resource utilization. This study examined the economic efficiency of rice production. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 240 rice farmers with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed with descriptive techniques, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Tobit regression model. The SFA result revealed that input variables such as seed, herbicide and pesticide were positive and had significant effect on rice output. The rice farmers were able to maximize their output by 74% at lowest minimum cost possible. Furthermore, economic efficiency was positively influenced by age, level of education, membership of farmers association, access to public market and access to health facilities while household size, farming experience, bad road condition and distance to nearest market had negative effects. The study concluded that rice farmers were inefficient. Therefore, in order to raise rice production efficiency and improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers, farmers should attend formal and informal education as it is a key policy issue in the study area, farmers should strengthen the existing association structures and organize new farmer’s associations. Also, the local and regional governments were encouraged to provide good road networks, and public market that will enable farmers dispose their produce at attractive places and prices of their choice.

scholarly journals Understanding the Dynamic of Rice Farming Systems in Southern Mozambique to Improve Production and Benefits to Smallholders

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Fátima Ismael ◽  
Aires A. Mbanze ◽  
Alexis Ndayiragije ◽  
David Fangueiro
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Mixed Crops

Rice farming systems (RFSs) in southern Mozambique are very heterogeneous and diversified, which has implications for smallholders’ adoption of each RFS, as well as on rice production and productivity in the region. In this regard, it is important to understand: (i) which RFS typologies can be leveraged to improve rice production and productivity; (ii) the drivers for smallholder farmers’ decisions to adopt an RFS; and (iii) which policies/incentives could enhance existing RFSs. The present study was based on surveys of 341 smallholder rice farmers in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme (CIS), southern Mozambique. Data on the productivity of rice, size of the herd, and total other crop types were used to frame the RFS typologies. A multinomial logit model (MLM) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were applied to determine the driver for each RFS, and predict the constraints for production and yield. Based on cluster analysis, four typologies of RFSs were identified: the subsistence farming system (FS), specialised rice FS, mixed crops FS, and rice–livestock FS. Farms with longer experience reported applying more fertiliser and seedlings per unit hectare. The availability of labour increased the likelihood of adopting the mixed crops FS and rice–livestock FS. Older households were more likely to adopt the subsistence FS, and live closer to the farming fields. Yield of rice was positively associated with inputs such as fertilisers, pesticides, and seedlings, as well as years of experience of the household. Our results suggest that smallholder farmers need more assistance and technical support to identify and adopt more productive and less costly RFSs in this region.

Does contract farming improve rice farmers' food security? Empirical evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Jagri Binpori ◽  
Dadson Awunyo-Vitor ◽  
Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The Impact

PurposeIn order to improve access to resources for smallholder farmers, efforts are being made to promote contract farming in Ghana. This is seen as a strategy to increase agricultural productivity of farmers, give better market access and guarantee adequate supply of raw materials to agro-based industries. However, the challenge is whether contract farming leads to improvement in food security status of farmers. The study therefore seeks to explore to what extent farmers' food security status is influenced by their participation in contract farming activities.Design/methodology/approachUsing Cragg's double-hurdle model to analyse participation in contract farming, the authors control for selection bias using propensity score matching applied to a data set of 336 observations to examine the impact of contract farming on the food security levels of rice farmers in Ghana.FindingsThe results of this study show that yield of paddy and the wealth of the farmer are the main factors that influence the quantity of paddy rice to be contracted in contract farming arrangements. This study also finds that participation in contract farming will increase food security by 109%. In conclusion, contract farming has a significant positive impact on the farmers' food security status.Originality/valueAgricultural policies and rural development initiatives supporting the promotion and expansion of contract farming should be pursued to persuade more farmers to produce under contract farming agreements.

Rice farm income diversification in Ghana and implications on household consumption expenditure

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bismark Amfo ◽  
James Osei Mensah ◽  
Ernest Baba Ali ◽  
Gilbert Dagunga ◽  
Seth Etuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Farmers

PurposeThis study investigates implications of crop and income diversifications on consumption expenditure (welfare) of rice-producing households in Ghana. It further compares diversification by three rice production systems: two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice production.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were sourced from 225 rice farmers. Margalef index and three-stage least-squares were employed.FindingsMajority of rice-farming households in Ghana diversify livelihoods. The extent of livelihood diversification differs among two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice-producing households. Credit, distance to district capitals, production purpose and number of farming seasons influence crop and income diversifications, and consumption expenditure of rice-producing households. While crop diversification reduces consumption expenditure, income diversification increases it. Crop and income diversifications positively influence each other. Consumption expenditure reduces crop diversification but increases income diversification.Practical implicationsPolicy should be directed towards the promotion of more livelihood activities to boost rice farmers' welfare. There should be awareness creation and training programmes to enable rice farmers realize different economic activities within and outside the agricultural value chain.Originality/valueCrop and income diversifications were measured as continuous response variables, unlike previous studies that used a binary response variable. The authors established a synergy among crop and income diversifications, and consumption expenditure (welfare). The authors further compared crop and income diversifications by three rice production systems: two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice production systems.

scholarly journals Profitability of rice production in different production systems in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Nneka Chidiebere-Mark ◽  
Donatus Ohajianya ◽  
Polycarp Obasi ◽  
Steve Onyeagocha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Farming Households

AbstractProfitability of rice production in different production systems in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was evaluated. Rice is critical for food security in Nigeria, hence, farmers need to make appropriate choices of rice production systems to optimize production and ensure an adequate domestic supply. This study used 2015 survey data from rice farming households. Rice farmers in swamp, lowland and upland rice production systems showed variability in profit. Swamp production systems had the highest return per hectare (29.37%) followed by lowland production systems (20.10%) and upland production systems (13.03%). Poor access to production credit and climate change were constraints to rice production in the area. Rice production using the swamp production system is profitable and would ensure increased production and higher returns to the farmers. It is recommended that farmers should form cooperative groups to enable them to pool resources together to boost their production.

scholarly journals Role of BERNAS as Government Linked Company (GLC) – Supporting and Complementing National (Malaysia) Food Security Food Policies

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Salman Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Public ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
Rice Prices ◽  
Food Policies ◽  
National Food Security

As the privatized foodgrain management agency, BERNAS plays its roles in supporting and complementing the national food security policy of Malaysia. These include: (1) promoting market stability and thereby stabilizing rice prices, making them affordable to the consumers; (2) ensuring sufficient supply of rice of various grades and qualities anywhere in the country, making rice easily accessible to all; and (3) supporting the sustainability of domestic rice production which is deemed important to the national food security. These roles have established BERNAS as a ?rice institution? rather than a ?rice shop? whereby its main function is not to compete with other players in the market, but to make sure that all players in the industry would have sufficient margin to enable them to continue with their respective businesses. In doing so, BERNAS serves the interests of all stakeholders in the paddy and rice industry, including farmers, industry players, consumers, government and the nation as a whole. Due to these roles, BERNAS always has to balance between its commercial interest, since it must make reasonable profit in order to survive, and the interest of the nation as a whole. It is a delicate task in ensuring the confidence of the public and various stakeholders.

scholarly journals Enhancing Food Security Through Innovation Platforms: Experiences from Research into Use Project in Rwanda

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
L. Dusengemungu ◽  
P. Kibwika ◽  
FB Kiazze
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
International Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Classification Code ◽  
East African Region

Maize is an important food security crop in Rwanda and the East African region, however the maize value chain is not well developed and the productivity is still low partly because of low technology uptake by the smallholder farmers. Since 2006, the Department for International Development (DFID) supported the “Research Into Use” (RIU) programme in Rwanda to  enhance the uptake of agricultural technologies using innovation platforms (IPs). Maize was one of the target crops for intensification particularly in Nyagatare District for which an IP was established. The purpose of the innovation platforms was to faciliate interaction of the key actors in the value chain including farmers, cooperatives, inputs suppliers, processors, traders, credits providers, local leaders, research and extension to establish mutual relationships for value chain development. This study assessed processes of establishing IPs and requirements for their effective operations and sustainability. Data were collected using focus group discussions, observations and interviews. SPSS and SNA softwares were used to analyze data. Through actor interactions in IPs, farmers` problems were prioritized by research; relationships were established between research institutions, NGOs, processors and finance institutions for value addition of maize thereby creating a pull effect for increased production and income.  Increased production, productivity and incomes are core to food security. The IP was a mechanism for developing value chains that provided incentives and means for access to and adoption of technologies for increasing productivity of maize. Hower, functional IPs requires facilitation and capacity building of the actors to interact in a mutually beneficial manner. JEL Classification Code: 031  

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