scholarly journals Rotation/Succession Systems Affects Springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) Abundance in Cash Crops Under No Tillage Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
I. M. Camacho ◽  
A. T. Hoshino ◽  
B. A. Guide ◽  
R. M. M. Soares ◽  
L. M. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Vegetal Cover ◽  
Phytosanitary Products

Acknowledging the bio indicator importance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) for soil quality, this study aimed to determine the abundance of these arthropods in different systems of rotation/succession with commercial and cover crops, while also verifying the agricultural factor associated to these arthropods’ population. In the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná (IAPAR-EMATER), during six years, areas with differing crops in rotation/succession adopting the no-tillage system were studied. For each system, chemical analyses of the soil were conducted and the number of captured springtails in pitfall traps was counted. The phytosanitary products applied during the evaluations and the quantity of vegetal cover remaining after harvest were considered as well. No difference was found between the rotation/succession systems in relation to chemical soil attributes, however the largest number of springtails was found in crop covers from corn, Brachiaria sp., and canola. These crop covers, including wheat, resulted in the highest straw dry mass. When removing the system in which the predecessor crop had the highest quantities of fungicide application, a positive correlation (r = 0.63; p < 0.01) was found, between springtail abundance and highest amount of straw after the harvest. If no fungicide applications occur, the crops with the largest amount of vegetal cover favor springtail populations.

scholarly journals Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Diemisson O. Nunes ◽  
João H. de S. Favaro ◽  
Hamilton C. de O. Charlo ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Antônio C. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Special corn is cultivated all year conventionally round; however, its productivity increases when grown under a no-tillage system (NTS). This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet and green corn cultivated under residues of different cover crops and the NTS implantation stages. Two experiments were carried out in the randomized block design, with four replications, in each of the three areas. The experiments consisted of evaluating the sweet and green corn, simultaneously, in three areas at different stages of development of NTS: initial (1 year), transition (7 years), and consolidation (19 years) with six types of cover crops: Signal grass (SG), Pearl millet (PM), Sunn hemp (SH), a mixture of SG + SH, SG + PM, and PM + SH. The dry matter (DM) production of the cover crops, the productivity of husked and unhusked ears, straw, and grain yield were evaluated. The SH had the highest dry mass production among the studied cover crops in all phases of the NTS. The phase of the NTS did not influence the productivity of ears with or without husk in green corn. The cultivation of sweet corn in transition and consolidation areas of the NTS showed better yields when compared to the initial phase of the system.

scholarly journals FEIJÃO-DE-PORCO E BRAQUIÁRIA CULTIVADOS EM SISTEMA SOLTEIRO E CONSORCIADO

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-629
Author(s):  
Franciele Caroline De Assis Valadão ◽  
Daniel Dias Valadão Júnior ◽  
Maíra Rizzi ◽  
Marcionilio Caetano De Souza Neto
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Tillage System

Alguns fatores impedem que o Sistema de Plantio Direto (SPD) seja adotado em larga escala no Cerrado, dentro dos quais destacam-se a alta temperatura e alta pluviosidade característico do bioma que dificultam a manutenção da palhada sobre o solo e obtenção do verdadeiro SPD. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o melhor arranjo entre feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis) e braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis), quando cultivados com a finalidade de plantas de cobertura. O experimento foi implantado em Latossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos sendo: cultivo solteiro de braquiária; cultivo solteiro de feijão-de-porco; 25% de braquiária + 75% de feijão-de-porco; 50% de braquiária + 50% de feijão-de-porco; 75% de braquiária + 25% de feijão-de-porco. Avaliou-se a taxa de cobertura do solo, densidade de raiz, acúmulo de fitomassa, teor e acúmulo de nutrientes, decomposição, tempo de meia vida (T½) e ciclagem de nutrientes pelas palhadas. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram a taxa de 100% de cobertura. A relação N e C foi inversa nos tratamentos, sendo que os com maior presença de feijão-de-porco apresentaram maior teor de N e os com mais braquiária apresentaram maior teor C. O consórcio 50% braquiária + 50% feijão-de-porco se mostrou o arranjo mais favorável entre as duas espécies, visto que apresentou valores intermediários de taxa de cobertura, acúmulo e decomposição de massa seca e nutrientes, mantendo presente no sistema as características de ambas espécies. Palavras-chave: Canavalia ensiformis; plantas de cobertura; sistema de plantio direto; Urochloa ruziziensis.   JACK BEANS AND BRACHIARIA CULTIVATED IN A SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM SYSTEM   ABSTRACT: Some factors prevent the No-Tillage System from being widely adopted in the Cerrado, among which the high temperature and high rainfall characteristic of the biome stand out, making it difficult to maintain the straw over the soil and obtain the true No-Tillage System. The objective of this work was to determine the best arrangement between jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) and brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis), when cultivated with the purpose of cover crops. The experiment was carried out in a clayey Latossolo Vermelho in randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments: single brachiaria cultivation; single cultivation of jack beans; 25% brachiaria + 75% jack beans; 50% brachiaria + 50% jack beans; 75% brachiaria + 25%jack beans. The soil cover rate, root density, phytomass accumulation, nutrient content and accumulation, decomposition, half-life (T½) and nutrient cycling through straw were evaluated. All treatments provided a 100% coverage rate. The N and C ratio was inverse in the treatments, with those with a higher presence of jack beans having a higher N content and those with more brachiaria having a higher C level. The consortium 50% brachiaria + 50% jack beans proved to be the most favorable arrangement between the two species, since it presented intermediate values ​​of coverage rate, accumulation and decomposition of dry mass and nutrients, keeping the characteristics of both species present in the system. Keywords: Canavalia ensiformis; cover crops; no-tillage system; Urochloa ruziziensis.

scholarly journals Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Baird ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
A. B. Peery ◽  
M. L. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization of vegetables cultivated under no-tillage after cover crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto BF Branco ◽  
Sally F Blat ◽  
Tais GS Gimenes ◽  
Rodrigo HD Nowaki ◽  
Humberto S Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT The production of horticultural crops in no-tillage and in rotation with cover crops reduces the dependency in nitrogen fertilizer, due to increased soil organic matter and by biological fixation performed by legumes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study rates of nitrogen fertilization and cover crops in the agronomic performance of tomato and broccoli grown under no-tillage. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with four replications. Treatments consisted of cover crops, sunn hemp and millet, and four rates of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha of nitrogen), for both the tomato and broccoli crops. All soil management was performed in no-tillage. For tomato crops we evaluated the plant growth, the nitrate concentration of sprouts and fruits and yield of commercial and non commercial fruits. For broccoli we evaluated plant growth and yield. There was an interaction effect between cover crop and nitrogen rates to tomato growth measured at 100 days after transplanting, for plant height, number of fruit bunches, dry mass of leaves and diameter of the stalk. The tomato commercial fruit number and yield showed maximum values with 137 and 134 kg/ha of N respectively, on the sunn hemp straw. The nitrate concentration of the tomato sprouts was linearly increasing with the increase of nitrogen rates, when grown on the millet straw. For broccoli production, the maximum fresh mass of commercial inflorescence was with 96 kg/ha of N, when grown on the millet straw.

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of italian ryegrass in No‐Tillage System

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Maicon Fernando Schmitz ◽  
Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen ◽  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Structuring potential of some cover crops and crambe in Haplortox under no-tillage system

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 2078-2086
Author(s):  
Kazue Tokura Luciene ◽  
Secco Deonir ◽  
Antonio Zanao Junior Luiz ◽  
Antonio Cruz Siqueira Jair ◽  
Ferreira Santos Reginaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation by Cover Crops and Upland Rice Grown in Succession Under No-Tillage System as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Alefe Viana Souza Bastos ◽  
Vinícius Ide Franzin ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

scholarly journals MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN A SOIL WITH COVER CROPS IN SUCCESSION WITH MAIZE IN A NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Cátia Aparecida SIMON ◽  
Meire Silvestrini Cordeiro ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Marivaine Da Silva Brasil ◽  
Carlos Henrique De David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Beta Glucosidase

Avaliou-se neste estudo o efeito residual de plantas de cobertura na atividade das enzimas fosfatase ácida, arilsulfatase e beta-glucosidase e na respiração basal em solo cultivado com milho no Cerrado sul-mato-grossense. A fosfatase ácida, arilsufatase e beta-glucosidase variaram respectivamente de 755 a 1111; 74 a 131 e 167 a 299 µg p-nitrofenol g solo-1 h-1. As plantas de cobertura de espécies gramíneas proporcionaram maior atividade enzimática no solo quando comparada as demais. As coberturas Urochoa ruziziensis, sorgo e Urochoa brizanta promoveram os maiores valores nas atividades das enzimas do solo fosfatase ácida e arilsulfatase e os menores valores de respiração basal do solo. Para a enzima beta glucosidase a cobertura que proporcionou o maior valor de atividade foi o milheto, onde também foi observado maior valor de respiração do solo. De maneira geral, as menores atividades enzimáticas foram observadas em solo com as coberturas nabo forrageiro e crambe. 

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna associated with cover crops in an Oxisol from the southwest of Piauí state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djavan Pinheiro Santos ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Ronny Sobreira Barbosa ◽  
Juvenal Pereira da Silva Junior ◽  
Everaldo Moreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sole Cropping

ABSTRACT: The soil macrofauna is fundamental for the maintenance of soil quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil macrofauna under different species of cover crops, including monoculture or intercropping associated to two types of soil management in the southwest region of Piauí state. The study was carried out in an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo, according to Brazilian Soil Classification System) in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, distributed in 30 m2 plots. Testing and evaluation of the soil macrofauna were conducted in a 9 × 2 strip factorial design, with combinations between cover crops/consortia and soil management (with or without tillage), with four replications. Soil monoliths (0.25 × 0.25 m) were randomly sampled in each plot for macrofauna at 0‒0.1, 0.1‒0.2, and 0.2‒0.3 m depth, including surface litter. After identification and counting of soil organims, the relative density of each taxon in each depth was determined. The total abundance of soil macrofauna quantified under cover crops in the conventional and no-tillage system was 2,408 ind. m-2, distributed in 6 classes, 16 orders, and 31 families. The results of multivariate analysis show that grass species in sole cropping systems and no-tillage presents higher macrofauna density, in particular the taxonomic group Isoptera. No-tillage also provided higher richness of families, where Coleoptera adult were the second more abundant group in no-tillage and Hemiptera in conventional tillage.

scholarly journals Desempenho de crotalária consorciada com milheto na produção de biomassa

ForScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e00895
Author(s):  
Karina Mendes Bertolino ◽  
Giuliana Rayane Barbosa Duarte ◽  
Gustavo Maldini Penna de Valadares e Vasconcelos ◽  
Élberis Pereira Botrel
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho da crotalária e milheto consorciados em diferentes proporções, bem como a melhor época de manejo e a combinação de consórcio para a produção de palhada. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas constituídas de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis (CR) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) (MI) consorciados em diferentes proporções (100% CR; 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 100% MI) e as subparcelas duas épocas de manejo (86 e 118 dias após a semeadura), com quatro repetições. No qual tiveram como variável resposta a altura de plantas e a biomassa seca. O índice de eficiência e uso da terra foi calculado por meio dos dados obtidos de massa seca total dos consórcios aos 118 dias após a semeadura. A melhor época para o manejo das plantas em consórcio foi aos 118 dias após a semeadura, onde se obteve a quantidade suficiente de massa seca para cobertura do solo sob sistema de plantio direto. O consórcio mais vantajoso em termos agronômicos foi o constituído por 20% CR + 80% MI. Palavras-chave: Palhada. Crotalaria spectabilis.  Pennisetum glaucum (L.).   Crotalary performance consortiated with millet in biomass production Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of intercropped crotalary and millet in different proportions, as well as the best management time and the combination of intercropping for the production of straw. The design used was that of randomized blocks in a subdivided plot scheme, with plots consisting of crotalary (Crotalaria spectabilis) (CR) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) (MI) intercropped in different proportions (100% CR; 80% CR + 20 % MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 100% MI) and the subplots two management times (86 and 118 days after sowing), with four replications. In which the height of plants and dry biomass were the variable response. The efficiency and land use index were calculated using data obtained from the total dry mass of the consortia at 118 days after sowing. The best time for the management of the intercropped plants was 118 days after sowing, where sufficient dry mass was obtained to cover the soil under no-tillage system. The most advantageous consortium in agronomic terms was the one constituted by 20% CR + 80% MI. Keywords: Straw. Crotalaria spectabilis. Pennisetum glaucum (L.)

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