Desempenho de crotalária consorciada com milheto na produção de biomassa

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho da crotalária e milheto consorciados em diferentes proporções, bem como a melhor época de manejo e a combinação de consórcio para a produção de palhada. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas constituídas de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis (CR) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) (MI) consorciados em diferentes proporções (100% CR; 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 100% MI) e as subparcelas duas épocas de manejo (86 e 118 dias após a semeadura), com quatro repetições. No qual tiveram como variável resposta a altura de plantas e a biomassa seca. O índice de eficiência e uso da terra foi calculado por meio dos dados obtidos de massa seca total dos consórcios aos 118 dias após a semeadura. A melhor época para o manejo das plantas em consórcio foi aos 118 dias após a semeadura, onde se obteve a quantidade suficiente de massa seca para cobertura do solo sob sistema de plantio direto. O consórcio mais vantajoso em termos agronômicos foi o constituído por 20% CR + 80% MI. Palavras-chave: Palhada. Crotalaria spectabilis. Pennisetum glaucum (L.). Crotalary performance consortiated with millet in biomass production Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of intercropped crotalary and millet in different proportions, as well as the best management time and the combination of intercropping for the production of straw. The design used was that of randomized blocks in a subdivided plot scheme, with plots consisting of crotalary (Crotalaria spectabilis) (CR) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) (MI) intercropped in different proportions (100% CR; 80% CR + 20 % MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 100% MI) and the subplots two management times (86 and 118 days after sowing), with four replications. In which the height of plants and dry biomass were the variable response. The efficiency and land use index were calculated using data obtained from the total dry mass of the consortia at 118 days after sowing. The best time for the management of the intercropped plants was 118 days after sowing, where sufficient dry mass was obtained to cover the soil under no-tillage system. The most advantageous consortium in agronomic terms was the one constituted by 20% CR + 80% MI. Keywords: Straw. Crotalaria spectabilis. Pennisetum glaucum (L.)

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PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v15n3p439-449 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽

PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽

LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽

PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽

FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

No Tillage ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo, dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dos resíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema de plantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento de blocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram os resíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus e Urochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N) em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, o que foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. De modo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelas plantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg para cada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade em relação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, dose used and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residues and nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experiment was arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with four replications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which was mainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomic characteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. The average gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensis and Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardless nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

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ALTERAÇÕES DE PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM NITOSSOLO VERMELHO PELA SUCESSÃO MILHETO – SOJA NA FASE DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE SEMEADURA DIRETA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2007v12n3p409-421 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 409-421

Author(s):

Sandro Roberto Brancalião ◽

Maria Helena Moraes ◽

Leandro Borges Lemos

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

No Tillage ◽

Mean Weight Diameter ◽

Tillage System ◽

System 2 ◽

Glycine Max L

ALTERAÇÕES DE PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM NITOSSOLO VERMELHO PELA SUCESSÃO MILHETO – SOJA NA FASE DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE SEMEADURA DIRETA Sandro Roberto Brancalião1; Maria Helena Moraes2; Leandro Borges Lemos31Centro de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, SP, [email protected] 2Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP.3Departamento de Produção Vegetal – Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 1 RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da cultura do milheto, em três épocas de semeadura e sob cinco manejos da fitomassa, na produtividade da soja e nas propriedades físicas de um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico (densidade, porosidade total, diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados e grau de floculação do solo). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A época foi representada por parcelas de semeadura da cultura do milheto (E1, E2, E3) e o manejo, como subparcelas, por manejos de ceifa da fitomassa, a saber: M1- a cada florescimento e retirada da fitomassa; M2 – a cada florescimento e permanência da fitomassa; M3-no único florescimento e retirada da fitomassa; M4 – no único florescimento e permanência da fitomassa; e M5 – livre crescimento. Foram coletadas amostras de solo para realização das análises físicas e químicas, estratificadas em 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m de profundidade. Avaliou-se, também, a produção de massa de matéria seca pelo milheto e a produtividade da soja. A E2 apresentou melhor qualidade física do solo. A E3 resultou em menores valores de grau de floculação e de diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados. A E3 apresentou menor produção de fitomassa do milheto. UNITERMOS: manejo do solo, propriedades físicas, planta de cobertura, semeadura direta, Glycine max. (L.) Merrill, Pennisetum glaucum. BRANCALIÃO, S.R.; MORAES, M.H.; LEMOS, L.B.CHANGES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A “NITOSSOLO VERMELHO” BY MILLET – SOYBEAN SUCCESSION AT IMPLANTATION PHASE IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM 2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a millet-soybean rotation, during the implantation phase of no-tillage system on the physical properties of a “Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico” and the dry mass production of millet and the productivity of soybean. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks, in a split splot arrangement, with four replications. The parcels was constituted by three sowings (E1, E2and E3) and the subparcels was constituted by harvests, where each harvest handling was: M1 – harvest each blooming and covering withdrawal; M2 - harvest each blooming and covering permanency; M3 – only in the first harvest on blooming and covering withdrawal; M4 - only in the first harvest on blooming and covering permanency, and M5– free growing, with no harvest. Samples were collected from three soil layers: 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 and 0,10-0,20 m. The E2 showed smaller values of soil density and larger values of total porosity. The E3 resulted in smaller values of flocculation degree and mean weight diameter of the aggregates. The E3showed smaller production of dry mass. KEYWORDS: soil management, physical properties, cover crop, no-tillage, soybean, Pennisetum glaucum.

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Dry Mass Accumulation, Nutrients and Decomposition of Cover Plants

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n5p152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daiane Conceição de Sousa ◽

João Carlos Medeiros ◽

Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda ◽

Jaqueline Dalla Rosa ◽

Cácio Luiz Boechat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Crop Species ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Matter Production ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

The use of cover crops is an important strategy for soil management in the Brazilian Cerrado to improve no-tillage (NT) systems. For this, it is necessary know the potential of cover crop species for biomass production, nutrient cycling, and persistence of residues on the soil surface in soils and climatic conditions of this biome. Thus, the experiment was developed to evaluate the agronomic potential of cover crops cultivated on an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo) in the Cerrado of Piauí, Brazil. The experiment was conducted from January 2015 to July 2016. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 11 treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of single and intercropped cover species. The evaluations were: dry mass production, nutritional composition of the plants, nutrient accumulation by dry mass produced and decomposition rate of the dry mass produced for each treatment. The higher dry matter production was obtained with Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Pennisetum glaucum and Brachiaria ruziziensis. The lower dry matter production was obtained with Mucuna aterrima, and mix of Crotalaria spectabilis + Pennisetum glaucum. The higher nutrients accumulation in the plants occurred for Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis. The cover plants studied presented good potential for soil conservation, due to the permanence of residues on the surface, except for Mucuna aterrima and Crotalaria spectabilis.

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PERÍODOS DE DESSECAÇÃO DO CAPIM RUZIZIENSIS E SEUS EFEITOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n3p400-407 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 400

Author(s):

ANA PAULA SILVA ◽

MARILUCE PASCOINA NEPOMUCENO ◽

ANDREISA FLORES BRAGA ◽

PEDRO LUÍS DA COSTA AGUIAR ALVES

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Plant Height ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Tillage System ◽

Maize Plants

RESUMO – Considerando que há relatos de possível intoxicação de milho por causa da dessecação de capim braquiária, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o melhor período para semear o milho ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ após a dessecação da cobertura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis períodos de dessecação do capim ruziziensis (25, 20, 15, 10, 05 e 0 dias antes da semeadura do milho) e uma testemunha sem cobertura. As dessecações foram feitas em pleno florescimento do capim ruziziensis com glyphosate a 1,44 kg ha-1. Foram avaliadas as plantas de milho aos 30 e 50 dias após a semeadura (DAS) quanto à altura, área foliar, massa seca de folhas e caule. Aos 150 DAS, foi avaliada a altura de plantas e a inserção da espiga, diâmetro e comprimento da espiga, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. A dessecação do capim ruziziensis no mesmo dia da semeadura do milho reduziu a altura das plantas, a altura de inserção da espiga, o diâmetro da espiga e a produtividade de grãos. A melhor época para a semeadura do milho ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ após a dessecação de capim ruziziensis com glyphosate foi aos 25 dias após a dessecação.Palavras-chaves: Brachiaria ruziziensis, Urochloa ruziziensis, cobertura vegetal, plantio direto, glyphosate. EFFECTS OF DESICCATION PERIODS OF RUZIZIENSIS GRASS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE ABSTRACT - Considering the possible occurrence of maize intoxication due to the desiccation of ruziziensis grass, the objective of this study was to evaluate the best period for sowing ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ in the no-tillage system. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The treatments consisted of six periods of desiccation of ruziziensis grass (25, 20, 15, 10, 05 and 0 days before sowing maize) and one control without cover. The desiccations were done at full bloom of the ruziziensis grass with glyphosate at 1.44 kg ha-1. The maize plants were evaluated at 30 and 50 days after sowing (DAS) for height, leaf area, leaf and stem dry biomass. At 150 DAS, plant height and cob insertion, cob diameter and length, 100 grain mass and yield were evaluated. The desiccation of ruziziensis grass in the same day of maize sowing caused reduction in plant height, cob insertion height, cob diameter and yield. The best time for sowing ‘Yield Gard DKB 390 YC’ was 25 days after desiccation of ruziziensis grass with glyphosate.Keywords: Brachiaria ruziziensis, Urochloa ruziziensis, cover crop, no-tillage, glyphosate.

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Soil chemical properties affected by cover crops under no-tillage system

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201562040010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 401-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽

Luis Fernando Stone ◽

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

No Tillage ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Tillage System

The use of cover crops in no-tillage systems (NTS) can significantly improve the soil's fertility. Thus, a study was performed to evaluate changes in chemical properties of soil caused by cover crops in a no-tillage system. The field experiment consisted of the following crop rotation: cover crops/rice/cover crops/rice. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications. Treatments consisted of four cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha(Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu, Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard, Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Colonião, and Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R. Br. cv. BN-2) and fallow (control treatment). Soil samples were collected at the beginning of the summer crop in Oct 2007, Oct 2008 and Oct 2009 at 0-5 cm soil depth. The use of cover crops provided for a significant increase in the level of nutrients, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation in the soil. Soil fertility improved from the first to second year with the growing of cover crops. The soil under cover crops P. glaucum, B. ruziziensis, and B. brizantha showed higher fertility than the area under fallow.

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Agronomic Components of Brown Linseed as a Function of Spacing

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n10p527 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 527

Author(s):

Dionei Schmidt Muraro ◽

Claudir José Basso ◽

Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽

Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽

Luan Cutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Point Of View ◽

No Tillage ◽

Basic Premise ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Red Latosol ◽

The One ◽

Santa Maria

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of brown linseed, submitted to different spacing between lines. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen Campus, under a typical eutrophic Red Latosol, from September to December 2013. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and four treatments, with experimental plots of 4.0 × 3.0 meters, totaling 12.0 m². The treatments consisted of four line spaces, 17, 34, 51 and 68 cm. The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, weight of one thousand seeds and grain yield. The spacing of 0.17 m was the one that stood out showing higher yield and agronomic characteristics favorable to the crop, such as a smaller stature of important plant from the point of view of a lower lodging and a greater production of dry matter, and consequently residual straw for cultivation in succession, this being a basic premise in areas under no-tillage system.

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Rotation/Succession Systems Affects Springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) Abundance in Cash Crops Under No Tillage Cultivation

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v14n1p22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

I. M. Camacho ◽

A. T. Hoshino ◽

B. A. Guide ◽

R. M. M. Soares ◽

L. M. de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

No Tillage ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

Cash Crops ◽

Chemical Soil ◽

Tillage System ◽

Vegetal Cover ◽

Phytosanitary Products

Acknowledging the bio indicator importance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) for soil quality, this study aimed to determine the abundance of these arthropods in different systems of rotation/succession with commercial and cover crops, while also verifying the agricultural factor associated to these arthropods’ population. In the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná (IAPAR-EMATER), during six years, areas with differing crops in rotation/succession adopting the no-tillage system were studied. For each system, chemical analyses of the soil were conducted and the number of captured springtails in pitfall traps was counted. The phytosanitary products applied during the evaluations and the quantity of vegetal cover remaining after harvest were considered as well. No difference was found between the rotation/succession systems in relation to chemical soil attributes, however the largest number of springtails was found in crop covers from corn, Brachiaria sp., and canola. These crop covers, including wheat, resulted in the highest straw dry mass. When removing the system in which the predecessor crop had the highest quantities of fungicide application, a positive correlation (r = 0.63; p < 0.01) was found, between springtail abundance and highest amount of straw after the harvest. If no fungicide applications occur, the crops with the largest amount of vegetal cover favor springtail populations.

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Comparison between Planting and Sowing as Forms of Amaranthus (Amaranthus spp.) Propagation and Investigation of Different Seeding Depths

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v38i130290 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Matheus Azevedo Dos Santos ◽

Aloisio Bianchini ◽

Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽

Rodrigo Fernandes Daros ◽

Matheus Santos De Deus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Dry Mass ◽

No Tillage ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

The Third ◽

Broad Leaf ◽

Amaranthus Spp ◽

The One ◽

Direct Sowing

Amaranth is a broad leaf pseudocereal native to South and Central America and can be used as a source of high protein grain, as a leafy vegetable and has the potential to grow as fodder. The objective of this work was to evaluate some characteristics of amaranth agronomic interest (Amaranthus spp), as the best way of propagation of the crop, whether by planting of seedlings or direct seeding, and also to determine the most suitable depth of sowing of amaranth. Three treatments were established to conduct the first experiment, seedling versus no-tillage using the BRS-Alegria variety: the first (T1) was the planting of seedlings with 15 days old, previously produced in a greenhouse, on the day of establishment of the experiment in the beds; the second (T2) was the direct sowing in the soil on the day of establishment of the experiment in the beds; and the third (T3) was the transplanting of surplus seedlings from the first treatment, after two weeks of establishment of the experiment in the beds. The T1 treatment was the one that presented the best performance in the attributes of lap diameter and dry mass of plants, being not different, only, at plant height, in relation to T2 treatment. The treatments T2 and T3 presented the same performance for all attributes studied. The second experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating the best sowing depth for the Amaranthus varieties: BRS-Alegria, Diócus, Princes, Verde (Amaranthus cruentus) and Inca (Amaranthus caudatus), under zero millimeters soil), five millimeters, and ten millimeters deep. The BRS - Alegria, Verde and Diócus varieties showed the best results when tested at 0, 5 and 10mm depth, with the average of plants emerged at 15 days after sowing, of 71.4; 65.9 and 61.0 respectively. The worst results were found in the Princes and Inca varieties, with average values of emerged plants of 51.3 and 47.2, respectively. As for the seeding depths, the best were 10 and 5 mm, with plants emerged after 15 days, of 86.9 and 77.9, respectively. The worst result was for the 0mm depth with an average of 13.3 emerged plants.

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Uptake and Exportation of Micronutrients by Transgenic Cultivars of Maize Under No-tillage in the Brazilian Cerrado

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n9p304 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 304

Author(s):

Aaron Martinez Gutierrez ◽

Álvaro Vilela De Resende ◽

Carine Gregorio Machado Silva ◽

Denize Carvalho Martins ◽

Eduardo De Paula Simão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maize Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

No Tillage ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Agronomic Management ◽

Micronutrient Uptake ◽

Modern Maize ◽

Productive Potential ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crop Cycle

Introducing cultivars of high productive potential with adequate agronomic management has contributed to the increase of maize yield in Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the extraction and exportation of micronutrients by modern maize hybrids grown in no-tillage system in the Cerrado region (Brazilian Savannah) with two fertilization levels. We established two crop environments with differentiated levels of soil fertilization, use of products for seed treatment and leaf fertilization, in which four transgenic hybrids were grown. For each environment, we used an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replicates. There were eleven plant samplings during the crop cycle to quantify dry mass production and Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn extraction. Micronutrient uptake is increased when a hybrid with higher potential for biomass production grows in an environment with greater supply of nutrients. Uptake persists throughout the maize cycle, including during the final stages of the reproductive phase, showing late demand for the crop. On average, after tasseling, about 39, 50, 42, and 49% of the total Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn absorption still occurs, respectively. Total uptake of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn are, respectively, around 8, 199, 58 and 40 g to produce a tonne of grain, from which 23, 5, 8, and 42% are exported by the harvest. Micronutrient uptake and exportation rates for the studied transgenic hybrids are lower than the ones previously reported in Brazil and in works abroad.

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Produção de biomassa e cobertura do solo pelo consórcio de crotalária e milheto e sua influência em propriedades físicas dos solo

ForScience ◽

10.29069/forscience.2021v9n2.e931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e00931

Author(s):

Karina Mendes Bertolino ◽

Giuliana Rayane Barbosa Duarte ◽

Gustavo Maldini Penna de Valadares e Vasconcelos ◽

Élberis Pereira Botrel ◽

Fábio Aurélio Dias Martins

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Management ◽

Soil Physics ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a cobertura do solo proporcionada pela crotalária e milheto consorciados em diferentes proporções, bem como seus efeitos na qualidade física do solo. A instalação do experimento obedeceu ao delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis ) (CR) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum L. ) (MI) consorciados em diferentes proporções de semeadura, totalizando seis tratamentos: 100% CR (crotalária solteira); 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 20% CR + 80% MI; 100% MI (milheto solteiro), com quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram a biomassa seca aos 118 dias após a semeadura, a porcentagem de cobertura do solo e umidade do solo aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o manejo das plantas, a resistência a penetração até 40 cm e densidade do solo na camada de 0-10. Aos 118 dias após a semeadura, a crotalária, o milheto e seus consórcios produziram quantidade de biomassa seca suficiente para promover a cobertura do solo de em média 77% até os 120 dias após o manejo das plantas, contudo não foram capazes de promover diferenças nos atributos físicos do solo. Palavras-chave: Física do solo. Palhada. Sistema de plantas de cobertura. Biomass production and soil coverage by the crotalary and millette consortium and its influence on physical properties AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the soil cover provided by crotalaria and millet intercropped in different proportions, as well as their effects on the physical quality of the soil. The installation of the experiment followed the randomized block design. The treatments consisted of crotalary (Crotalaria spectabilis) (CR) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) (MI) intercropped in different sowing proportions, totaling 6 treatments: 100% CR (single crotalary); 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 20% CR + 80% MI; 100% MI (single millet), with 4 repetitions. The variables evaluated were dry biomass at 118 days after sowing, the percentage of soil cover and soil moisture at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after plant management, the resistance to penetration up to 40 cm and soil density in the 0-10 layer. At 118 days after sowing the crotalary, the millet and their intercropping produced enough dry biomass to promote an average 77% soil cover until 120 days after plant management, however, they were unable to promote differences in the physical attributes of the soil. Keywords: Soil physics. Straw. Cover plants system.

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