FEIJÃO-DE-PORCO E BRAQUIÁRIA CULTIVADOS EM SISTEMA SOLTEIRO E CONSORCIADO

Alguns fatores impedem que o Sistema de Plantio Direto (SPD) seja adotado em larga escala no Cerrado, dentro dos quais destacam-se a alta temperatura e alta pluviosidade característico do bioma que dificultam a manutenção da palhada sobre o solo e obtenção do verdadeiro SPD. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o melhor arranjo entre feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis) e braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis), quando cultivados com a finalidade de plantas de cobertura. O experimento foi implantado em Latossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos sendo: cultivo solteiro de braquiária; cultivo solteiro de feijão-de-porco; 25% de braquiária + 75% de feijão-de-porco; 50% de braquiária + 50% de feijão-de-porco; 75% de braquiária + 25% de feijão-de-porco. Avaliou-se a taxa de cobertura do solo, densidade de raiz, acúmulo de fitomassa, teor e acúmulo de nutrientes, decomposição, tempo de meia vida (T½) e ciclagem de nutrientes pelas palhadas. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram a taxa de 100% de cobertura. A relação N e C foi inversa nos tratamentos, sendo que os com maior presença de feijão-de-porco apresentaram maior teor de N e os com mais braquiária apresentaram maior teor C. O consórcio 50% braquiária + 50% feijão-de-porco se mostrou o arranjo mais favorável entre as duas espécies, visto que apresentou valores intermediários de taxa de cobertura, acúmulo e decomposição de massa seca e nutrientes, mantendo presente no sistema as características de ambas espécies. Palavras-chave: Canavalia ensiformis; plantas de cobertura; sistema de plantio direto; Urochloa ruziziensis. JACK BEANS AND BRACHIARIA CULTIVATED IN A SINGLE AND CONSORTIUM SYSTEM ABSTRACT: Some factors prevent the No-Tillage System from being widely adopted in the Cerrado, among which the high temperature and high rainfall characteristic of the biome stand out, making it difficult to maintain the straw over the soil and obtain the true No-Tillage System. The objective of this work was to determine the best arrangement between jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) and brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis), when cultivated with the purpose of cover crops. The experiment was carried out in a clayey Latossolo Vermelho in randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments: single brachiaria cultivation; single cultivation of jack beans; 25% brachiaria + 75% jack beans; 50% brachiaria + 50% jack beans; 75% brachiaria + 25%jack beans. The soil cover rate, root density, phytomass accumulation, nutrient content and accumulation, decomposition, half-life (T½) and nutrient cycling through straw were evaluated. All treatments provided a 100% coverage rate. The N and C ratio was inverse in the treatments, with those with a higher presence of jack beans having a higher N content and those with more brachiaria having a higher C level. The consortium 50% brachiaria + 50% jack beans proved to be the most favorable arrangement between the two species, since it presented intermediate values of coverage rate, accumulation and decomposition of dry mass and nutrients, keeping the characteristics of both species present in the system. Keywords: Canavalia ensiformis; cover crops; no-tillage system; Urochloa ruziziensis.

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Rotation/Succession Systems Affects Springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) Abundance in Cash Crops Under No Tillage Cultivation

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v14n1p22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

I. M. Camacho ◽

A. T. Hoshino ◽

B. A. Guide ◽

R. M. M. Soares ◽

L. M. de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

No Tillage ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

Cash Crops ◽

Chemical Soil ◽

Tillage System ◽

Vegetal Cover ◽

Phytosanitary Products

Acknowledging the bio indicator importance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) for soil quality, this study aimed to determine the abundance of these arthropods in different systems of rotation/succession with commercial and cover crops, while also verifying the agricultural factor associated to these arthropods’ population. In the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná (IAPAR-EMATER), during six years, areas with differing crops in rotation/succession adopting the no-tillage system were studied. For each system, chemical analyses of the soil were conducted and the number of captured springtails in pitfall traps was counted. The phytosanitary products applied during the evaluations and the quantity of vegetal cover remaining after harvest were considered as well. No difference was found between the rotation/succession systems in relation to chemical soil attributes, however the largest number of springtails was found in crop covers from corn, Brachiaria sp., and canola. These crop covers, including wheat, resulted in the highest straw dry mass. When removing the system in which the predecessor crop had the highest quantities of fungicide application, a positive correlation (r = 0.63; p < 0.01) was found, between springtail abundance and highest amount of straw after the harvest. If no fungicide applications occur, the crops with the largest amount of vegetal cover favor springtail populations.

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No-till System as an Alternative for Soil Conservation Aiming at Sustainability in Tobacco Production

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v40i630384 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Felipe Tascheto Bolzan ◽

Camila Bisognin Meneghetti ◽

Cleudson José Michelon ◽

Carlos Arnoldo Streck

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Mass Production ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Common Vetch ◽

White Lupine ◽

Tillage System ◽

Tobacco Cultivation

Aims: Tobacco cultivation is important in the income composition of family farmers. The use of soil cover plants is a practice that plays an important role in keeping the soil covered and reducing the effects of water erosion and improving the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of using different species for soil covering preceding the production of tobacco in the no-tillage system. Place and Duration of Study: Two experiments were conducted in Jaguari-RS, in the years 2015 and 2016. Methodology: The treatments were different species of soil cover crops, preceding the cultivation of tobacco (nicotine tabacum) as described: Black oat (Avena strigosa); Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.); Consortium of Black Oat + vetch and white lupine (Albus L.). For both experiments, the experimental units consisted of plots of 3.5 x 3 m, comprising an area of 10.5 m2. The plant growth, production of the dry mass and decomposition of crop residues, of the cover crops, as well as weed infestation and tobacco yield were evaluated. Results: Among the winter cover crops, black oats and white lupine stood out, as they showed fast growth and higher dry mass production, resulting in higher tobacco yield. These cover crops showed the most promising, combining the benefits to soil conservation and the sustainability of the production system. Conclusion: In this study it was observed that the treatments with cover crops that presented the highest dry mass production were the same ones that provided the highest tobacco yield, making it possible to affirm that there is a positive relation between the production of the dry mass of precedent crop with tobacco yield.

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SOIL PROPERTIES AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WATERMELON GROWN IN DIFFERENT TILLAGE AND COVER CROPS IN THE SOUTH EASTERN OF BRAZIL

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479714000313 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 299-312

Author(s):

ROBERTO BOTELHO FERRAZ BRANCO ◽

RODRIGO HIYOSHI DALMAZZO NOWAKI ◽

FERNANDO ANDRÉ SALLES ◽

DENIZART BOLONHEZI ◽

RONAN GUALBERTO

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

No Tillage ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

White Lupine ◽

Tillage Methods

SUMMARYMuch of the watermelon (Citullus lanatus) cultivation in Brazil is conducted in sandy soil and topographic conditions that favour the erosion process. Therefore, conservation tillage methods are critical for the sustainability of the production chain of this vegetable crop. We studied different tillage methods and cover crops in watermelon cultivation in the area of the reform of degraded pasture. For this purpose, two tillage methods were established as experimental treatments: minimum tillage preparation with subsoiling only, and no tillage. As cover crops white lupine (Lupinus albus) and bristle oat (Avena strigosa) were seeded. As control, watermelon was cultivated with conventional tillage, without prior cultivation of cover crops. For the experimental design, randomised blocks in a factorial arrangement with four replications were used. After liming and phosphate fertilisation of the soil, cover crops were cultivated in soil with minimum tillage and no tillage to produce straw to be used for soil cover, where subsequently the watermelon was grown. The productivity of dry mass and nutrient accumulation in the shoot of cover crops, the soil properties and the watermelon agronomic performance were evaluated. White lupine had better performance in the production of dry mass and nutrient accumulation in shoot than bristle oat. There were differences among treatments for soil penetration resistance, where in conventional tillage the values were lower in the first 30 cm of depth in relation to no-tillage cultivation. The tillage method also affected the fertility of the soil at a depth of 0 to 20 cm. The no tillage provided increased nitrogen leaf content in watermelon regardless of cover crops but restricted root growth in relation to minimum tillage and conventional tillage. Watermelon had similar commercial production by different treatments, with reduction only in no tillage on bristle oat straw.

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Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n3p173-179 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

Diemisson O. Nunes ◽

João H. de S. Favaro ◽

Hamilton C. de O. Charlo ◽

Arcângelo Loss ◽

Antônio C. Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

No Tillage ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Tillage System

ABSTRACT Special corn is cultivated all year conventionally round; however, its productivity increases when grown under a no-tillage system (NTS). This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of sweet and green corn cultivated under residues of different cover crops and the NTS implantation stages. Two experiments were carried out in the randomized block design, with four replications, in each of the three areas. The experiments consisted of evaluating the sweet and green corn, simultaneously, in three areas at different stages of development of NTS: initial (1 year), transition (7 years), and consolidation (19 years) with six types of cover crops: Signal grass (SG), Pearl millet (PM), Sunn hemp (SH), a mixture of SG + SH, SG + PM, and PM + SH. The dry matter (DM) production of the cover crops, the productivity of husked and unhusked ears, straw, and grain yield were evaluated. The SH had the highest dry mass production among the studied cover crops in all phases of the NTS. The phase of the NTS did not influence the productivity of ears with or without husk in green corn. The cultivation of sweet corn in transition and consolidation areas of the NTS showed better yields when compared to the initial phase of the system.

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Phytomass and nutrient release in soybean cultivation systems under no-tillage

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018001000005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 1119-1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São Miguel ◽

Leandro Pereira Pacheco ◽

Ícaro Camargo de Carvalho ◽

Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽

Priscilla Barros Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Cycling ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

No Tillage ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Tillage System

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phytomass accumulation, soil cover, and nutrient cycling promoted by cultivation systems with annual and cover crops on the grain yield of soybean sown in succession in the Cerrado, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with nine cultivation systems and four replicates, in two crop seasons. In 2014/2015, forage grasses and legumes were evaluated, besides fallow treatments. In 2015/2016, forage and legume intercropped or not with corn or sunflower and fallow were assessed; the soybean crop was evaluated following cover crops. Phytomass, soil cover, and nutrient cycling provided by cultivation systems, as well as soybean mass and yield, were determined. Urochloa ruziziensis alone or intercropped, compared with the fallow systems, promotes significant increases in phytomass production, soil cover and nutrient cycling, with an increase in the grain yield of soybean planted in succession. N and K are the most accumulated nutrients in the aerial part of the cover crops and are released in larger quantities in the soil in the two years of evaluation. Crotalaria spectabilis promotes an increase in soybean yield in the 2015/2016 crop season, compared with U. ruziziensis, due to the synchronism between N release and uptake under no-tillage system.

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PLANTAS DE COBERTURA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO MILHO EM PLANTIO DIRETO SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM SOLO DE CERRADO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms.v15i3.715 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

GUILHERME FELISBERTO ◽

PATRÍCIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO FELISBERTO ◽

LEANDRO FLÁVIO CARNEIRO ◽

PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽

FLÁVIO HIROSHI KANEKO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

No Tillage ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Canavalia Ensiformis ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO – A resposta à adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho é dependente do tipo de solo, sistema de cultivo,dose empregada e cultura antecessora. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos dosresíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e da adubação nitrogenada no milho cultivado em sequência, sob sistema deplantio direto em consolidação no Cerrado. O experimento foi constituído de um fatorial 10 x 4, em delineamento deblocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram osresíduos do cultivo de dez plantas de cobertura (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crambe abyssinica, Crotalariajuncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum glaucum, Raphanus sativus eUrochloa ruziziensis) e, nas subparcelas, foram testadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N)em cobertura no estádio V5 da cultura do milho. Observou-se baixa resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, oque foi atribuído principalmente à ocorrência de déficit hídrico nas fases de florescimento e enchimento de grãos. Demodo geral, as características agronômicas do milho foram mais influenciadas pela adubação nitrogenada do que pelasplantas de cobertura cultivadas anteriormente. O ganho médio de produtividade de grãos foi da ordem de 3,7 kg paracada 1 kg de N aplicado. O milho após Urochloa ruziziensis e Crambe abyssinica apresenta menor produtividade emrelação ao uso das outras espécies de plantas de cobertura, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada.Palavras-chave: adubação verde, sistema conservacionista, veranico, Zea mays.COVER CROPS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON MAIZE GROWN IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM UNDER WATER DEFICIT ON CERRADO SOILABSTRACT - The response to nitrogen fertilization of the corn is dependent on the type of soil, cropping system, doseused and preceding crop. In this context, the goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cover crops residuesand nitrogen fertilization on corn grown in succession, under no-tillage system in the Cerrado region. The experimentwas arranged in a factorial 10 x 4, in a randomized complete block design and subdivided plot scheme, with fourreplications. The treatments of the plots were the residues of ten cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis,Crambe abyssinica, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetumglaucum, Raphanus sativus and Urochloa ruziziensis) and in the subplots four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1 of N) were tested in the V5 stage of the corn. A low response to nitrogen fertilization was observed, which wasmainly attributed to the occurrence of water deficit at the flowering and grain filling stages. In general, the agronomiccharacteristics of corn were more influenced by nitrogen fertilization than by the cover crops previously cultivated. Theaverage gain of grain yield was of the order of 3.7 kg for each 1 kg ha-1 of N applied. Corn after Urochloa ruziziensisand Crambe abyssinica presented lower productivity compared to the use of other cover crop species, regardlessnitrogen fertilization.Keywords: green manure, conservation tillage system, summer water deficit, Zea mays.

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Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.530 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 530-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R. E. Baird ◽

B. G. Mullinix ◽

A. B. Peery ◽

M. L. Lang

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Fungal Species ◽

No Tillage ◽

Cercospora Kikuchii ◽

Tillage System ◽

Mesh Bags ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

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Nitrogen fertilization of vegetables cultivated under no-tillage after cover crops

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620170116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roberto BF Branco ◽

Sally F Blat ◽

Tais GS Gimenes ◽

Rodrigo HD Nowaki ◽

Humberto S Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Biological Fixation ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT The production of horticultural crops in no-tillage and in rotation with cover crops reduces the dependency in nitrogen fertilizer, due to increased soil organic matter and by biological fixation performed by legumes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study rates of nitrogen fertilization and cover crops in the agronomic performance of tomato and broccoli grown under no-tillage. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with four replications. Treatments consisted of cover crops, sunn hemp and millet, and four rates of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg/ha of nitrogen), for both the tomato and broccoli crops. All soil management was performed in no-tillage. For tomato crops we evaluated the plant growth, the nitrate concentration of sprouts and fruits and yield of commercial and non commercial fruits. For broccoli we evaluated plant growth and yield. There was an interaction effect between cover crop and nitrogen rates to tomato growth measured at 100 days after transplanting, for plant height, number of fruit bunches, dry mass of leaves and diameter of the stalk. The tomato commercial fruit number and yield showed maximum values with 137 and 134 kg/ha of N respectively, on the sunn hemp straw. The nitrate concentration of the tomato sprouts was linearly increasing with the increase of nitrogen rates, when grown on the millet straw. For broccoli production, the maximum fresh mass of commercial inflorescence was with 96 kg/ha of N, when grown on the millet straw.

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SOIL PROTECTION BY USED OF COVER CROPS CONSORTIA AND SINGLE CULTIVATION

Revista Mundi Engenharia Tecnologia e Gestão (ISSN 2525-4782) ◽

10.21575/25254782rmetg2020vol5n71119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Daiana Jungbluth ◽

Ana Regina Dahlem Ziech ◽

Camila Roberta Pereira ◽

Márcia Cristina Dos Santos ◽

Patrick Machado

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Block Design ◽

Single Species ◽

Coverage Rate ◽

Soil Protection ◽

Rotation System ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Technological University

The no-till system has been growing over the years and for this system to be successful, it is essential to maintain permanent vegetation cover over the soil, an adequate crop rotation system with minimal overturning. A strategy for soil protection is to introduce species of cover crops in winter under single or intercropping. The objective was to evaluate the rate of soil cover by intercropping between black oats (Avena strigosa L.) and forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L.) at different sowing densities, as well as the isolated species in terms of soil protection under no-tillage. The study was conducted at the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), campus Santa Helena, with a randomized block design, with five treatments and three repetitions. The treatments were: 100% black oats (BO); 100% forage turnip (FT); 75% BO + 25% FT; 50% BO + 50% FT and 25% BO + 75% FT. The cover crops were sown in May 2019. The percentage of soil cover from 21 to 91 days after sowing (DAS) was evaluated using the photographic method, with weekly collection of images in an area delimited by a metallic frame (25 m²), positioned on the ground at two fixed points per plot. The coverage rate quantification was estimated by overlaying a grid with 100 points of intersection over each image. The rate of soil cover by consortia and single crops did not show a statistically significant difference. To 49 days, consortia had coverage equal to or greater than 70%, while for single species, this percentage was reached at 56 DAS and 70 DAS, for BO and FT, respectively. All treatments showed high potential for soil protection and coverage rate from 70 DAS.

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