scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Profiling of High Beta Carotene Cassava with respect to Postharvest Physiological Deterioration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ngozi L. Edoh ◽  
Ukpabi J. Ukpabi ◽  
John O. Igoli
Keyword(s):  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Postharvest Physiological Deterioration ◽  
High Beta ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Cassava roots undergo postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), and for most varieties it sets in within 72 hours of harvest. An untargeted metabolomics approach combined with a data-driven approach for statistical analysis was used to characterize and profile high beta-carotene cassava varieties with the aim of identifying any relevant metabolite changes that occur during PPD. Sixteen cassava root samples from four cassava lines were planted in a greenhouse and harvested after four months. The samples included four of 2 conventionally bred beta carotene cassava varieties – UMUCASS 38, UMUCASS 45 and four of 2 transgenic high beta carotene cultivars - EC20-7 and EC20-8 cassava lines. Extracts of fresh cassava roots from 20-100 mg tissues were used for the analyses and data were processed using Elements for Metabolomics software. Starch and lipid metabolites were the major constituents which may help explain the observed differences in starch and dry matter content among the varieties. The results provide further insight in the understanding of PPD and suggestions on controlling this deterioration in cassava are made.

scholarly journals Effect of Scopoletin and Carotenoids on Postharvest Physiological Deterioration (PPD) of Transgenic High Beta Carotene Cassava

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ngozi L. Edoh ◽  
Joseph Ukpabi ◽  
John O. Igoli
Keyword(s):  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Wild Variety ◽  
Lutein Content ◽  
Postharvest Physiological Deterioration ◽  
High Beta ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Cassava tubers suffer from postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) which normally sets in within 72 hours of harvest. This study examines the role of scopoletin and carotenoids in the onset or delay in PPD in two transgenic varieties EC20-7 and EC20-8 compared to a wild variety TME-7. Scopoletin and carotenoids were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The scopoletin content (0.10 – 0.20 nmol/g) in the fresh varieties was not significantly (P>0.05) different from the amount in stored cassava roots (12.58 – 14.90 nmol/g). The carotenoid content values in EC20-7 variety were 6.66 µg/g (α-carotene), 80.45 µg/g (β-carotene) and 5.98 µg/g (lutein). As for EC20-8, α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein values were 6.19 µg/g, 69.11 µg/g and 3.12 µg/g, respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the varieties in α-carotene content but in their lutein content. The results indicate that carotenoids are more relevant in the delay of PPD and scopoletin content is not a major factor in PPD vascular streaking or discolouration. Hence scopoletin content of cassava varieties may not be considered as a chemical marker for determining the potential of PPD in cassava tubers.

scholarly journals Cassava shrunken-2 homolog MeAPL3 determines storage root starch and dry matter content and modulates storage root postharvest physiological deterioration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Beyene ◽  
Raj Deepika Chauhan ◽  
Jackson Gehan ◽  
Dimuth Siritunga ◽  
Nigel Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Postharvest Physiological Deterioration

Abstract Key message Among the five cassava isoforms (MeAPL1–MeAPL5), MeAPL3 is responsible for determining storage root starch content. Degree of storage root postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is directly correlated with starch content. Abstract AGPase is heterotetramer composed of two small and two large subunits each coded by small gene families in higher plants. Studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta) identified and characterized five isoforms of Manihot esculenta ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (MeAPL1–MeAPL5) and employed virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to show that MeAPL3 is the key isoform responsible for starch and dry matter accumulation in cassava storage roots. Silencing of MeAPL3 in cassava through stable transgenic lines resulted in plants displaying significant reduction in storage root starch and dry matter content (DMC) and induced a distinct phenotype associated with increased petiole/stem angle, resulting in a droopy leaf phenotype. Plants with reduced starch and DMC also displayed significantly reduced or no postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) compared to controls and lines with high DMC and starch content. This provides strong evidence for direct relationships between starch/dry matter content and its role in PPD and canopy architecture traits in cassava.

scholarly journals EVALUACIÓN DE LA EXPRESIÓN DE GENES IMPLICADOS EN LA BIOSÍNTESIS DE ALMIDÓN EN DIFERENTES VARIEDADES DE YUCA

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simón Pedro Cortés Sierra ◽  
Paul Chavarriaga ◽  
Hernán Ceballos ◽  
Camilo Ernesto López Carrascal
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Study Gene Expression ◽  
Cassava Varieties

<p>Las raíces almacenadoras de yuca representan una fuente importante de almidón. La ruta metabólica del almidón ha sido reconstruida recientemente en yuca gracias a la liberación de la secuencia completa de su genoma. En este estudio se evaluó la expresión de los genes que codifican para las enzimas Pululanasa, Isoamilasa, α-amilasa, Enzima Desproporcionante, ADP-glucosa pirofoforilasa, Almidón sintasa unida al gránulo, Enzima ramificante del almidón y Sintasa soluble del almidón, en las raíces almacenadoras de plantas de 5 y 11 meses de edad, en un grupo de cinco variedades de yuca. Se evidenciaron diferencias importantes en la expresión de estos genes entre las variedades evaluadas y entre los dos tiempos. Las variedades CM523-7 y SM1219-2 presentaron uno de los niveles más altos de expresión para los genes ADP-glucosa pirofoforilasa y Almidón sintasa unida al gránulo mientras que el gen para α-amilasa fue el más bajo en estas dos variedades. Aunque  la variedad TMS60444 presentó niveles de expresión similares en genes implicados en la síntesis de almidón, fue la que presentó el mayor nivel de expresión de la α-amilasa. Estos datos se pueden correlacionar con el relativo bajo contenido de materia seca en esta variedad. Los datos de expresión génica presentados en este trabajo permitirán complementar información sobre actividad enzimática con miras a identificar los elementos más importantes en la acumulación diferencial de almidón entre variedades de yuca.</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Cassava storage roots represent an important starch source. Recently, the starch metabolic pathway in cassava has been reconstructed thanks to the full release of its genome. In this study gene expression was evaluated for genes coding Pullulanase, Isoamylase, α-amylase, Deproportionating enzyme, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, Granule bound starch synthase, Starch branching enzyme and Soluble starch synthase, in cassava storage roots 5 and 11 months old, in 5 cassava varieties. Important gene expression differences were detected both at the variety and time level. CM523-7 and SM1219-2 showed one of the highest expression levels for AGPase and GBSS genes, while α-amylase showed the lowest level in these two varieties. TMS60444 variety showed similar expression levels in starch biosynthesis-related genes, but conversely also showed the highest α-amylase expression. This correlates with the relative low dry-matter content in TMS60444. Gene expression data reported here will allow complementing actual information on enzymatic activity, in order to identify the most relevant factors in differential starch accumulation between cassava varieties.</p><br /><p> </p>

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis of Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] Genotypes for Combined Beta Carotene and Dry Matter Content in Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. S. Afolabi ◽  
O. B. Bello ◽  
G. O. Agbowuro ◽  
C. O. Aremu ◽  
M. O. Akoroda
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Roots of orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties currently available in Nigeria contain high quantities of β-carotene or pro-vitamin A but have high moisture content. These varieties have been found to be a cheap and crucially important remedy for vitamin A deficiency. The cream or white-fleshed varieties, on the other hand, have a sweet taste with high dry matter content, giving a dry texture, a quality trait preferred in Nigeria. Development of sweet potato genotypes that can combine these two important quality traits is the objective of this breeding work. A diallel experiment using six parental sweet potato genotypes crossed in all possible combinations were carried out and thirty progenies were evaluated for beta carotene (β-carotene) and dry matter content in Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. The 30 F1 progenies along with their parental lines were planted in the same field trial. The trial was laid out in 6 x 6 triple lattice in two replications. Highly significant (P≤ 0.01) differences were observed among the genotypes for the traits. The average β-carotene content among the progenies was 2.86 (mg/100g.f.w) while the dry matter cttgontent had a mean value of 31.89%. The cross progenies 199024.2 x Excel had the highest beta carotene (14.37mg/100g.f.w) content with the highest dry matter content (40.10%) and are therefore recommended for further evaluation.

Combining Ability of Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] Genotypes for Beta Carotene and Dry Matter Content in Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
M.S Afolabi ◽  
G.O Agbowuro ◽  
A.E Salami ◽  
M.O Akoroda
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Β Carotene

Roots of orange fleshed sweet potato varieties currently available in Nigeria contain high quantities of β-carotene or pro-vitamin A but have high moisture content. These varieties have been found to be a cheap and important remedy for vitamin A deficiency. The cream or white fleshed varieties on the other hand, have sweet taste with high dry matter content, giving a dry texture, a quality trait preferred in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to examine the quantitative inheritance of important traits in sweet potato by means of a diallel analysis with a view to estimating the GCA and SCA components of genetic variance, and to determine the associated type of gene action controlling β-carotene content and root dry mass. A diallel crosses experiment using six parental sweet potato genotypes crossed in all possible combinations were carried out. Resultant thirty progenies were evaluated for beta carotene (β-carotene) and dry matter content in Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria during the cropping season of 2012 and 2013. The 30 F1 progenies along with their parental lines were planted in the same field trial. The trial was laid out in 6 x 6 triple lattice in two replications. Highly significant (P≤ 0.01) differences were observed among the genotypes for all the tested traits. The average β-carotene content for the progenies was 2.86 (mg/100 g f.w.) while the dry matter content was 31.89%. The cross combination 199024.2 x Excel recorded the highest beta carotene (14.37 mg/100 g f.w) and dry matter content (40.10%), this candidate is therefore suggested for further evaluation. Key words: Diallel analysis, Dry matter, Southern Guinea Savanna, Sweet potato, Vitamin A, β-carotene.

Genetic and Environmental Effects on Dry Matter Content of Cassava Root 1

Crop Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Kawano ◽  
Wania Maria Goncalves Fukuda ◽  
Uthai Cenpukdee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cassava Root

scholarly journals ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA NỒNG ĐỘ Na2SO3 ĐẾN MỘT SỐ GIỐNG SẮN TRIỂN VỌNG TẠI THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2012-2019
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Đình Thi ◽  
Thái Thị Hồng Mỹ ◽  
Lê Thị Hương Xuân
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các nồng độ Na2SO3 (0, 100, 300, 500 ppm) đến 03 giống sắn KM 94, KM 21-12 và KM 444 trong năm 2019 tại vùng sinh thái gò đồi thị xã Hương Trà, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế nhằm mục đích xác định ảnh hưởng và nồng độ Na2SO3 phù hợp cho cây sắn. Kết quả đạt được là: 1) Phun Na2SO3 ở các nồng độ thí nghiệm đã tăng sinh trưởng thân - lá - củ, năng suất, chất lượng củ và hiệu quả kinh tế của 03 giống sắn thí nghiệm. 2) Tại nồng độ phun Na2SO3 từ 300 đến 500 ppm, so với đối chứng giống KM 94 tăng năng suất thực thu 19,5 - 20,2%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,9 - 41,1%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 29,3 - 30,2% và năng suất ethanol tăng 23,6 - 26,6%; Giống KM 21-12 tăng năng suất thực thu 15,1 - 18,6%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,5 - 41,0%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 29,7 - 29,8% và năng suất ethanol tăng 21,6 - 25,8%; Giống KM 444 tăng năng suất thực thu 18,4 - 19,9%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,6 - 40,8%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 30,3 - 30,9% và năng suất ethanol tăng 24,9 - 25,7%. ABSTRACT The study on the effects of Na2SO3 concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500 ppm) on 03 cassava varieties (KM 94, KM 21-12 and KM444) was conducted in 2019 in hilly ecological area of Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province to determine the effect and suitable concentration of Na2SO3 for cassava. The results showed that: 1) Spraying Na2SO3 at a rate of 640 liters/ha with experimental concentrations increased stem - leaf - root growth, yield and quality of roots and economic efficiency of all of 03 cassava varieties. 2) Spraying Na2SO3 at concentrations from 300 to 500 ppm, compared with the control, KM 94 increased root yield of 19.5 - 20.2%, dry matter content reached 40.9 - 41.1%, starch content reached 29.3 - 30.2% and ethanol production increased by 23.6 - 26.6%; KM 21 - 12 increased root yield of 15.1 - 18.6%, dry matter content reached 40.5 - 41.0%, starch content reached 29.7 - 29.8% and ethanol production increased by 21.6 - 25.8%; KM 444 increased root yield of 18.4 - 19.9%, dry matter content reached 40.6 - 40.8%, starch content reached 30.3 - 30.9% and ethanol production increased by 24.9 - 25.7%.  

scholarly journals Fruit Setting in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties as Influenced by Genotype and Maternal Inheritance

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
U. N. Ukwu ◽  
S. O. Muojiama ◽  
B. Olasanmi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Hand pollination was carried out among five varieties of cassava in reciprocals to investigate the influence of genotype and maternal inheritance on fruit setting in cassava varieties. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Three yellow flesh varieties (IITA-TMS-I011412, IITA-TMS-I011368 and IITA-TMS-I070539) with high β-carotene content and two white flesh varieties (IITA-TMS-I30752 and COB-7-25) with high dry matter content were crossed in a reciprocal, with no selfing to produce fourteen hybrid seeds. Data obtained were subjected to correlation analysis and two-tailed t-test. The result showed that both genotype and maternal inheritance influenced fruit setting in cassava species. The cross IITA-TMS-I011368 x IITA-TMS-I011412 gave the highest fruit set percentage (57.1) and was followed by IITA-TMS-I30752 x IITA-TMS-I011412 (39.8) IITA-TMS-I011368 x IITA-TMS-I070539 (26.5) IITA-TMS-I070539 x IITA-TMS-I011412 (24.9) and IITA-TMS-I30752 x IITA-TMS-I011368 (24.1). Significant reciprocal difference (p = 0.02) was recorded between the F1 and the reciprocal crosses, which implies that fruit setting in cassava is significantly influenced by cytoplasmic genes which are exclusively transmitted by the maternal parent. IITA-TMS-I011368 and IITA-TMS-I011412 were the best female and male parent across the five genotypes, with mean fruit set percentage of 24.9 and 28.8, respectively. In this regard, the best female and male parents (IITA-TMS-I011368 and IITA-TMS-I011412) are good candidates for generation of large populations of β-caroten-rich cassava varieties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of popular cassava varieties for yield and cyanide content under ASAL conditions in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
M. Wambua ◽  
R.M.S. Mulwa ◽  
P.F. Arama ◽  
S.A. Atieno ◽  
J.O. Ogendo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Cassava Varieties ◽  
Cyanide Content

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food crop grown by smallholder farmers in the marginal regions of western, coastal and eastern Kenya. The objective of this study was to evaluate popular cassava varieties for yield and cyanide content in the arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya. The study was carried out at five sites located in three sub-counties of Nakuru county in Kenya. Treatments included a collection of 27 sweet cassava varieties obtained from Western Kenya. Results revealed significant variations among varieties in all sites, for all parameters measured. The highest yields were obtained at Subukia, with the variety MM99/0067 yielding up to 200 t ha-1. Cyanide content varied significant among the varieties and sites; and was high in most of the cultivars, with highest levels recorded in variety Rao Onyoni (17.3 mg100 g-1) grown at the Lare site. The highest dry matter content was recorded in variety Selele rabuor (60.5%), at the Solai III site. Participating farmers ranked the materials based on yield, taste and order of general preference as follows: Subukia site (MM96/0067, NyaTanga, Adhiambo Lera, KME-1 and MH95/0183); Lare site (Nyar AICAD, Nyar Maseno, NyaTanga, and MM96/2480); and Solai site (KME-1, Nyar AICAD, Adhiambo Lera, Karembo, and Obaro dak).

scholarly journals Breeding farmer and consumer preferred sweetpotatoes using accelerated breeding scheme and mother–baby trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-557
Author(s):  
Ernest Baafi ◽  
Mavis Akom ◽  
Adelaide Agyeman ◽  
Cynthia Darko ◽  
Ted Carey
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
Superior Genotypes

AbstractIncreased sweetpotato utilization has become an important breeding objective recently, with much emphasis on the development of non-sweet sweetpotatoes for income and food security in Ghana. The objective of this study was to evaluate 26 elite non-sweet and less sweet sweetpotato genotypes with regard to their release as commercial varieties using mother–baby trial. The 26 sweetpotato genotypes were tested multilocational on-farm across five ecozones from 2016 to 2017. These genotypes were selected from accelerated breeding scheme carried out from 2010 to 2013. There were no year-by-ecozone-by-genotype and year-by-ecozone interactions. However, ecozone-by-genotype interaction was significant for storage root dry matter, beta-carotene, iron and zinc content. This implies that the relative performance of the genotypes for storage root yield was stable across locations and years. Genotypic differences were found for all the traits and indicated that selection of superior genotypes across ecozone was possible. Storage root yield ranged from 7 t/ha to 39 t/ha, while dry matter content ranged from 34% to 46%. The storage root cooking quality preference was comparable with farmers’ check. Ten superior genotypes were identified for release as commercial varieties based on their staple-preferred taste, higher storage root yield, higher dry matter content, earliness, resistance to the sweetpotato virus, sweetpotato weevil and Alcidodes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document