scholarly journals Drainage Rearrangement as a Driver of Geomorphological Evolution During the Upper Pleistocene in a Small Tropical Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
José Martínez Batlle
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
River Diversion ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Basin Morphometry ◽  
Karst Systems ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution ◽  
New Evidence

The development of river networks in contexts where intense tectonic activity converges with great lithological variability, such as the Ocoa River Basin in the south of the Dominican Republic, usually hosts excellent examples of drainage rearrangement. This mechanism is defined as a transfer of part or all of a river’s flow to another river. According to the process involved, drainage rearrangement may be classified in one of four categories: stream capture, river diversion, beheading and, more recently, karst piracy. The Parra River Basin (29.5 square kilometers), part of the Ocoa River Basin, features excellent examples of drainage rearrangement. The aim of this research was to detect and characterize drainage rearrangement evidence in three sub-basins of the Parra River Basin. Several geomorphological features, including striking differences in lithological types of alluvial deposits between terraces and stream beds, a sinkhole in a tributary stream, as well as high variability in basin morphometry computed using GIS techniques, suggest the development of karst piracy during the Upper Pleistocene in the Parra drainage network, along with other minor rearrangement forms. Karst piracy is an understudied model of drainage rearrangement worldwide, and so it is in the Dominican Republic. Hence, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the interaction between rivers and karst systems, at the same time providing new evidence for this little-known phenomenon.

scholarly journals Evolution of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations in Relation with Uplift and Fluvial Capture Processes in Central Eastern Sardinia (Italy)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Valentino Demurtas ◽  
Paolo Emanuele Orrù ◽  
Giacomo Deiana
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Upstream Part ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution

Connections between Plio-Pleistocenic tectonic activity and geomorphological evolution were studied in the Pardu Valley and Quirra Valley (Ogliastra, East Sardinia). The intensive Quaternary tectonic activity in Sardinia linked to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Basin is known. In Eastern Sardinia, it manifests with an uplift that is recorded by geomorphological indicators, such as deep-seated gravitational slope deformation, fluvial captures, engraved valleys, waterfalls, and heterogeneous water drainage. The Pardu River flows from the NW toward the SE and then abruptly changes direction toward the NE. At this point, a capture elbow adjacent to the current head of the Quirra River is well developed. The Quirra River, in its upstream part, flows at altitudes approximately 200 m higher than the Pardu River. It also shows an oversized and over-flooded valley with respect to the catchment area upstream. This setting indicates that the Pardu River, which previously flowed south along the Quirra River, was captured by the Pelau River. We analyzed long-term landslides with lateral spreading and sackung characteristics, which involve giant carbonate blocks and underlying foliated metamorphites in both valleys. The use of LiDAR, high-resolution uncrewed aerial vehicle digital photogrammetry (UAV-DP), and geological, structural, and geomorphological surveys enabled a depth morphometric analysis and the creation of interpretative 3D models of DGSDs. Space-borne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data using ERS and Sentinel-1 satellites identified downslope movement of up to 20 mm per year in both Pardu Valley flanks. Multi-source and multi-scale data showed that the state of activity of the DGSDs is closely linked to the geomorphological evolution of the catchment areas of the Rio Pardu and Rio Quirra. The intense post-capture erosion acted in the Rio Pardu Valley, giving it morphometric characteristics that were favorable to the current evolution of the DGSDs, while the Rio Quirra Valley presents paleo-DGSDs that have been fossilized by pre-capture terraced alluvial deposits.

scholarly journals Morphometry and geomorphic development of the Bagmati River Basin, Nepal Himalaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Shrestha ◽  
Naresh Kazi Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Tectonic Zone ◽  
Bagmati River

Morphometric analysis of a watershed provides a quantitative description of the drainage system which is an important aspect of characterization of watershed. The analysis requires measurement of linear features, aerial aspects, gradient of channel network and contributing ground slopes of the drainage basin. The morphometric characteristics at the watershed-scale may contain important information regarding its formation and development because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. In this study morphometric property of the Bagmati River Basin (BRB) was investigated using different morphometric attributes and hypsometric analysis in order to investigate geomorphic development of the river basin, in an active tectonic zone. DEM has been prepared from the contour and spot height data using digital topographic maps of 1:25000-scale acquired from the Department of Survey, Nepal. The main stem Bagmati River is the eighth order perennial river that stretches for 206 km with an elongated catchment of area 3761 sq. km. It consists of 39 sub-basins of fourth order and higher. The study shows that the drainage system of the BRB is attaining a mature stage from a youth stage from lower order streams to the higher order streams in geomorphic development process. Some exceptions occurred at higher order stream segments, where drainage development seems to control by structure and lithology. According to the analytical results, erosional stage and level of tectonic activity of sub-basins differ from each other. Generally, the lithology and geological structure seems to control the drainage texture and relief of the BRB. The river system within the Kathmandu Valley is attaining maturity having meandering channels with wide flood plains, whereas rivers of the Lesser Himalaya and the Siwaliks are at youth stage with erosional potential. The downstream part of higher order stream segments are in mature stage having potential for lateral erosion and meander migration. Therefore, the Bagmati River stretch, especially the eight order one poses vulnerability to bank erosion.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE NEOTECTONIC STRUCTURE OF THE BRATSK WATER RESERVOIR BED

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3S) ◽  
pp. 792-804
Author(s):  
A. G. Dmitriev ◽  
K. G. Levi ◽  
A. G. Vakhromeev
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Horizontal Shear ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Reservoir Area ◽  
Pipeline Section

Production of natural gas and crude oil in the eastern regions of Russia was accelerated in the past decade, and both the upstream and midstream segments of the oil and gas industry continue to grow at a fast pace. Innovative solutions are needed for engineering and construction surveys aimed to justify options for choosing routes and methods for laying underwater pipeline sections across large rivers and water reservoirs. In our region, positive experience has been gained by employing modern technologies to optimize routing and reduce the costs of detailed surveys. In the project of the Kovykta – Sayansk – Angarsk – Irkutsk gas pipeline construction, an optimal route across the Bratsk water reservoir was chosen based on the results of several stages of investigation, including continuous seismic profiling and side-scan sonar scanning of the reservoir bed. At the first stage, the mosaic maps of side-scan sonograms and a 3D digital model of the reservoir bed bathymetry were constructed and used to develop and propose three options for the gas pipeline design and its route across the reservoir area. At the second stage, detailed underwater and onshore geophysical and drilling operations were carried out along the proposed routes. Based on the transverse profiles, a decision was taken to lay the pipeline section across the reservoir area in a trench along the northern route, which was justified as an economically and technologically optimal solution. In the winter period when the water reservoir surface was covered with thick ice, the northern route was investigated in detail by drilling and seismic survey operations using vertical seismometer cable assemblies and the inverse travel time curve technique. With reference to the velocity law, the travel time sections were processed and converted into depth profiles. A petrophysical model of bottom sediments was constructed, and a scheme was developed to ensure proper processing and interpreting of seismic and acoustic data. Four structural-material complexes were identified: modern silts; underwater eluvial and alluvial deposits; disintegrated and low-strength bedrocks of the Upper Lena Formation; and unaltered bedrock sandstones and siltstones. The continuous seismic profiles and the data from the vertical seismometer cable assemblies were interpreted, and a neotectonic map of bottom sediments was constructed. By analyzing the fault kinematics, it was revealed that normal faults and reverse faults with low-amplitude horizontal shear dominated in the study area; the mapped faults were mainly rootless structures; and displacements along the faults occurred due to a laminar flow of the Cambrian salt layers. An increase in tectonic activity from north to south was explained by the correspondingly degraded strength properties of the bedrocks. Modern neotectonic structures detected from the survey results gave evidence that that the hydrostatic pressure increased after the reservoir had been filled with water, and the phenomenon of reservoir-related seismicity was observed in the study area. Based on the comprehensive geological and geophysical survey data, the geological and engineering conditions of the proposed construction sites were clarified, and the most appropriate route and design of the gas pipeline section across the reservoir area was approved. This study provided the pipeline designers with the qualitative and quantitative information on the phenomena and factors complicating the conditions for laying the gas pipeline in the study area.

scholarly journals Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Low-Arsenic Groundwater in The Karamay Area Between Two High Arsenic Areas of Xinjiang, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Li ◽  
Hongfei Tao ◽  
Mahemujiang Aihemaiti ◽  
Youwei Jiang ◽  
Wenxin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Junggar Basin ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
River Diversion

Abstract The groundwater of several regions in Xinjiang, China, including the Kuitun and the Manas River Basins in the Junggar Basin, is heavily polluted with arsenic. However, the arsenic content of the groundwater of the Karamay area located within the Junggar Basin is relatively low and below the recommended drinking water limit. In our study, we analyze the factors that result in this anomaly. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the water-bearing system in this area were investigated by analyzing water samples, carrying out hydrogeological surveys, and statistical techniques. Since the Carboniferous, the geological development and subsequent structural evolution resulted in a lower arsenic concentration in groundwater of the Karamay region than that of the Kuitun River Basin and the Manasi River Basin. The missing high-energy sedimentary environment in the Middle-Upper Permian and the composition of sediments controlled the characteristics of the multi-layer aquifer in this area. We find that the lack of arsenic sources, neutral and slightly alkaline environment, water injection to extract oil, and the Irtysh River Diversion to Urumqi Project, result in better groundwater quality and lower arsenic pollution in this area.

scholarly journals Perfil Geomorfológico de Maturidade da Bacia do Rio Paracatu (Geomorphological maturity profile of the Paracatu river basin )

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos ◽  
Omar Pereira Campos ◽  
Paulo Pereira Martins Junior
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Theoretical Profile ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Equilibrium Profile ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution ◽  
The Relationship

Apresenta-se uma avaliação da maturidade do perfil geomorfológico da Bacia do Rio Parcatu, afluente do Rio São Francisco. As relações entre comprimento e queda média dos seguimentos de rios para cada ordem pelo método de Strahler são analizados por leis empíricas para comparação com um perfil teórico de máximo equilíbrio. Os resultados demonstram que a Bacia do Rio Paracatu está próxima de seu estágio máximo de maturidade, embora ainda não o tenha alcançado completamente. A partir do estudo aplicado, são tecidas reflexões sobre as possibilidades de investigação de bacias hidrográficas com base em abordagens de entropia, meta-estabilidade, geovulnerabilidade e evolução geomorfológica.   A B S T R A C T An assessment of the maturity of the geomorphological profile of the Paracatu River Basin, a tributary of the São Francisco River, is presented. The relationship between length and average stream fall for each order using the Strahler method is analysed using empirical laws for a comparison to a theoretical profile of maximum equilibrium. The results show that the Paracatu River Basin is close to its maximum stage of maturity, though it has not achieved it completely. Based on this study, reflections are made about the possibilities to study this watershed based on entropy approaches, metastability, geological vulnerability and geomorphological evolution. Keywords: Equilibrium profile, entropy, metastability, geovulnerability, geomorphological evolution, Paracatu.   

scholarly journals Monthly Suspended Sediment Load Estimation using Artificial Neural Network and Traditional Models in Krishna River Basin, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Artificial Neural

The measurement of sediment yield is essential for getting the information of the mass balance between sea and land. It is difficult to directly measure the suspended sediment because it takes more time and money. One of the most common pollutants in the aquatic environment is suspended sediments. The sediment loads in rivers are controlled by variables like canal slope, basin volume, precipitation seasonality and tectonic activity. Water discharge and water level are the major controlling factor for estimate the sediment load in the Krishna River. Artificial neural network (ANN) is used for sediment yield modeling in the Krishna River basin, India. The comparative results show that the ANN is the easiest model for the suspended sediment yield estimates and provides a satisfactory prediction for very high, medium and low values. It is also noted that the Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR) model predicted an many number of negative sediment outputs at lower values. This is entirely unreality because the suspended sediment result can not be negative in nature. The ANN is provided better results than traditional models. The proposed ANN model will be helpful where the sediment measures are not available.

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