scholarly journals Evolution of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations in Relation with Uplift and Fluvial Capture Processes in Central Eastern Sardinia (Italy)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Valentino Demurtas ◽  
Paolo Emanuele Orrù ◽  
Giacomo Deiana
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Upstream Part ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution

Connections between Plio-Pleistocenic tectonic activity and geomorphological evolution were studied in the Pardu Valley and Quirra Valley (Ogliastra, East Sardinia). The intensive Quaternary tectonic activity in Sardinia linked to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Basin is known. In Eastern Sardinia, it manifests with an uplift that is recorded by geomorphological indicators, such as deep-seated gravitational slope deformation, fluvial captures, engraved valleys, waterfalls, and heterogeneous water drainage. The Pardu River flows from the NW toward the SE and then abruptly changes direction toward the NE. At this point, a capture elbow adjacent to the current head of the Quirra River is well developed. The Quirra River, in its upstream part, flows at altitudes approximately 200 m higher than the Pardu River. It also shows an oversized and over-flooded valley with respect to the catchment area upstream. This setting indicates that the Pardu River, which previously flowed south along the Quirra River, was captured by the Pelau River. We analyzed long-term landslides with lateral spreading and sackung characteristics, which involve giant carbonate blocks and underlying foliated metamorphites in both valleys. The use of LiDAR, high-resolution uncrewed aerial vehicle digital photogrammetry (UAV-DP), and geological, structural, and geomorphological surveys enabled a depth morphometric analysis and the creation of interpretative 3D models of DGSDs. Space-borne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data using ERS and Sentinel-1 satellites identified downslope movement of up to 20 mm per year in both Pardu Valley flanks. Multi-source and multi-scale data showed that the state of activity of the DGSDs is closely linked to the geomorphological evolution of the catchment areas of the Rio Pardu and Rio Quirra. The intense post-capture erosion acted in the Rio Pardu Valley, giving it morphometric characteristics that were favorable to the current evolution of the DGSDs, while the Rio Quirra Valley presents paleo-DGSDs that have been fossilized by pre-capture terraced alluvial deposits.

scholarly journals Drainage Rearrangement as a Driver of Geomorphological Evolution During the Upper Pleistocene in a Small Tropical Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
José Martínez Batlle
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
River Diversion ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Basin Morphometry ◽  
Karst Systems ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution ◽  
New Evidence

The development of river networks in contexts where intense tectonic activity converges with great lithological variability, such as the Ocoa River Basin in the south of the Dominican Republic, usually hosts excellent examples of drainage rearrangement. This mechanism is defined as a transfer of part or all of a river’s flow to another river. According to the process involved, drainage rearrangement may be classified in one of four categories: stream capture, river diversion, beheading and, more recently, karst piracy. The Parra River Basin (29.5 square kilometers), part of the Ocoa River Basin, features excellent examples of drainage rearrangement. The aim of this research was to detect and characterize drainage rearrangement evidence in three sub-basins of the Parra River Basin. Several geomorphological features, including striking differences in lithological types of alluvial deposits between terraces and stream beds, a sinkhole in a tributary stream, as well as high variability in basin morphometry computed using GIS techniques, suggest the development of karst piracy during the Upper Pleistocene in the Parra drainage network, along with other minor rearrangement forms. Karst piracy is an understudied model of drainage rearrangement worldwide, and so it is in the Dominican Republic. Hence, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the interaction between rivers and karst systems, at the same time providing new evidence for this little-known phenomenon.

scholarly journals Hybrid 3D Models: When Geomatics Innovations Meet Extensive Built Heritage Complexes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiberto Chiabrando ◽  
Giulia Sammartano ◽  
Antonia Spanò ◽  
Alessandra Spreafico
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

This article proposes the use of a multi-scale and multi-sensor approach to collect and modelling 3D data concerning wide and complex areas in order to obtain a variety of metric information in the same 3D archive, based on a single coordinate system. The employment of these 3D georeferenced products is multifaceted and the fusion or integration among different sensors data, scales and resolutions is promising and could be useful for the generation of a model that could be defined as hybrid. The correct geometry, accuracy, radiometry and weight of the data models are hereby evaluated comparing integrated processes and results from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), terrestrial photogrammetry, using Total Station (TS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as topographic survey. The entire analysis underlines the potentiality of the integration and fusion of different solutions and is a crucial part of the “Torino 1911” project whose main purpose is mapping and virtually reconstructing the 1911 Great Exhibition settled in the Valentino Park in Turin (Italy).

scholarly journals Tracking the Evolution of Riverbed Morphology on the Basis of UAV Photogrammetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Teresa Gracchi ◽  
Guglielmo Rossi ◽  
Carlo Tacconi Stefanelli ◽  
Luca Tanteri ◽  
Rolando Pozzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry has recently become a widespread technique to investigate and monitor the evolution of different types of natural processes. Fluvial geomorphology is one of such fields of application where UAV potentially assumes a key role, since it allows for overcoming the intrinsic limits of satellite and airborne-based optical imagery on one side, and in situ traditional investigations on the other. The main purpose of this paper was to obtain extensive products (digital terrain models (DTMs), orthophotos, and 3D models) in a short time, with low costs and at a high resolution, in order to verify the capability of this technique to analyze the active geomorphic processes on a 12 km long stretch of the French–Italian Roia River at both large and small scales. Two surveys, one year apart from each other, were carried out over the study area and a change detection analysis was performed on the basis of the comparison of the obtained DTMs to point out and characterize both the possible morphologic variations related to fluvial dynamics and modifications in vegetation coverage. The results highlight how the understanding of different fluvial processes may be improved by appropriately exploiting UAV-based products, which can thus represent a low-cost and non-invasive tool to crucially support decisionmakers involved in land management practices.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE NEOTECTONIC STRUCTURE OF THE BRATSK WATER RESERVOIR BED

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3S) ◽  
pp. 792-804
Author(s):  
A. G. Dmitriev ◽  
K. G. Levi ◽  
A. G. Vakhromeev
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Horizontal Shear ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Reservoir Area ◽  
Pipeline Section

Production of natural gas and crude oil in the eastern regions of Russia was accelerated in the past decade, and both the upstream and midstream segments of the oil and gas industry continue to grow at a fast pace. Innovative solutions are needed for engineering and construction surveys aimed to justify options for choosing routes and methods for laying underwater pipeline sections across large rivers and water reservoirs. In our region, positive experience has been gained by employing modern technologies to optimize routing and reduce the costs of detailed surveys. In the project of the Kovykta – Sayansk – Angarsk – Irkutsk gas pipeline construction, an optimal route across the Bratsk water reservoir was chosen based on the results of several stages of investigation, including continuous seismic profiling and side-scan sonar scanning of the reservoir bed. At the first stage, the mosaic maps of side-scan sonograms and a 3D digital model of the reservoir bed bathymetry were constructed and used to develop and propose three options for the gas pipeline design and its route across the reservoir area. At the second stage, detailed underwater and onshore geophysical and drilling operations were carried out along the proposed routes. Based on the transverse profiles, a decision was taken to lay the pipeline section across the reservoir area in a trench along the northern route, which was justified as an economically and technologically optimal solution. In the winter period when the water reservoir surface was covered with thick ice, the northern route was investigated in detail by drilling and seismic survey operations using vertical seismometer cable assemblies and the inverse travel time curve technique. With reference to the velocity law, the travel time sections were processed and converted into depth profiles. A petrophysical model of bottom sediments was constructed, and a scheme was developed to ensure proper processing and interpreting of seismic and acoustic data. Four structural-material complexes were identified: modern silts; underwater eluvial and alluvial deposits; disintegrated and low-strength bedrocks of the Upper Lena Formation; and unaltered bedrock sandstones and siltstones. The continuous seismic profiles and the data from the vertical seismometer cable assemblies were interpreted, and a neotectonic map of bottom sediments was constructed. By analyzing the fault kinematics, it was revealed that normal faults and reverse faults with low-amplitude horizontal shear dominated in the study area; the mapped faults were mainly rootless structures; and displacements along the faults occurred due to a laminar flow of the Cambrian salt layers. An increase in tectonic activity from north to south was explained by the correspondingly degraded strength properties of the bedrocks. Modern neotectonic structures detected from the survey results gave evidence that that the hydrostatic pressure increased after the reservoir had been filled with water, and the phenomenon of reservoir-related seismicity was observed in the study area. Based on the comprehensive geological and geophysical survey data, the geological and engineering conditions of the proposed construction sites were clarified, and the most appropriate route and design of the gas pipeline section across the reservoir area was approved. This study provided the pipeline designers with the qualitative and quantitative information on the phenomena and factors complicating the conditions for laying the gas pipeline in the study area.

scholarly journals 2D Image-To-3D Model: Knowledge-Based 3D Building Reconstruction (3DBR) Using Single Aerial Images and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Alidoost ◽  
Hossein Arefi ◽  
Federico Tombari
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Linear Elements

In this study, a deep learning (DL)-based approach is proposed for the detection and reconstruction of buildings from a single aerial image. The pre-required knowledge to reconstruct the 3D shapes of buildings, including the height data as well as the linear elements of individual roofs, is derived from the RGB image using an optimized multi-scale convolutional–deconvolutional network (MSCDN). The proposed network is composed of two feature extraction levels to first predict the coarse features, and then automatically refine them. The predicted features include the normalized digital surface models (nDSMs) and linear elements of roofs in three classes of eave, ridge, and hip lines. Then, the prismatic models of buildings are generated by analyzing the eave lines. The parametric models of individual roofs are also reconstructed using the predicted ridge and hip lines. The experiments show that, even in the presence of noises in height values, the proposed method performs well on 3D reconstruction of buildings with different shapes and complexities. The average root mean square error (RMSE) and normalized median absolute deviation (NMAD) metrics are about 3.43 m and 1.13 m, respectively for the predicted nDSM. Moreover, the quality of the extracted linear elements is about 91.31% and 83.69% for the Potsdam and Zeebrugge test data, respectively. Unlike the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed approach does not need any additional or auxiliary data and employs a single image to reconstruct the 3D models of buildings with the competitive precision of about 1.2 m and 0.8 m for the horizontal and vertical RMSEs over the Potsdam data and about 3.9 m and 2.4 m over the Zeebrugge test data.

scholarly journals Cost effectiveness of centralised and decentralised storm water treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2598-2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gruening ◽  
H. Hoppe ◽  
S. Messmann ◽  
A. Giga
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Receiving Waters

As part of a research & development project commissioned by the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia's Ministry for the Environment and Nature Conservation, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (MUNLV) an examination is being carried out of the general possibilities for centralised and decentralised treatment storm water runoff to be discharged into (canalised) receiving waters and the costs ensuing from this. The examination of the different options is being carried out under real conditions, with the Briller Creek (Wuppertal/Germany) and Müggen Creek (Remscheid/Germany) catchment areas being used as models. The range of investigations deals with a comparison between ‘decentralised, semicentralised, centralised’ storm water treatment, centralised storm water treatment involving a separate sewer and parameter-specific pollution based storm water runoff control. In the framework of the research project each of the variants is to be elaborated and the costs are to be calculated so as to permit a comparison between the different system designs. In particular, the investigations are to take into account the actual requirements to be met by storm water drainage systems involving separate sewage systems.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost and Ultralight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Multicamera Imaging System Based on Smartphones

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Huachao Yang ◽  
Hefang Bian ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Weihua Bi ◽  
Xingtao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Textural Quality ◽  
Small Device ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Automatic Capture ◽  
Imaging Sensor

Newly developed oblique photogrammetry (OP) techniques based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with multicamera imaging systems are widely used in many fields. Smartphones cost less than the cameras commonly used in the existing UAV OP system, providing high-resolution images from a built-in imaging sensor. In this paper, we design and implement a novel low-cost and ultralight UAV OP system based on smartphones. Firstly, five digital cameras and their accessories detached from the smartphones are then fitted into a very small device to synchronously shoot images at five different perspective angles. An independent automatic capture control system is also developed to realize this function. The proposed smartphone-based multicamera imaging system is then mounted on a modified version of an existing lightweight UAV platform to form a UAV OP system. Three typical application examples are then considered to evaluate the performance of this system through practical experiments. Our results indicate that both horizontal and vertical location accuracy of the generated 3D models in all three test applications achieve centimeter-level accuracy with respect to different ground sampling distances (GSDs) of 1.2 cm, 2.3 cm, and 3.1 cm. The accuracy of the two types of vector maps derived from the corresponding 3D models also meet the requirements set by the surveying and mapping standards. The textural quality reflected by the 3D models and digital ortho maps (DOMs) are also distinguishable and clearly represent the actual color of different ground objects. Our experimental results confirm the quality and accuracy of our system. Although flight efficiency and the accuracy of our designed UAV OP system are lower than that of the commercial versions, it provides several unique features including very low-cost, ultralightweight, and significantly easier operation and maintenance.

scholarly journals Detailed 3D human body reconstruction from multi-view images combining voxel super-resolution and learned implicit representation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongguo Li ◽  
Magnus Oskarsson ◽  
Anders Heyden
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Implicit Function ◽  
Implicit Representation ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Synthetic Datasets ◽  
Human Body Models ◽  
Coarse To Fine

AbstractThe task of reconstructing detailed 3D human body models from images is interesting but challenging in computer vision due to the high freedom of human bodies. This work proposes a coarse-to-fine method to reconstruct detailed 3D human body from multi-view images combining Voxel Super-Resolution (VSR) based on learning the implicit representation. Firstly, the coarse 3D models are estimated by learning an Pixel-aligned Implicit Function based on Multi-scale Features (MF-PIFu) which are extracted by multi-stage hourglass networks from the multi-view images. Then, taking the low resolution voxel grids which are generated by the coarse 3D models as input, the VSR is implemented by learning an implicit function through a multi-stage 3D convolutional neural network. Finally, the refined detailed 3D human body models can be produced by VSR which can preserve the details and reduce the false reconstruction of the coarse 3D models. Benefiting from the implicit representation, the training process in our method is memory efficient and the detailed 3D human body produced by our method from multi-view images is the continuous decision boundary with high-resolution geometry. In addition, the coarse-to-fine method based on MF-PIFu and VSR can remove false reconstructions and preserve the appearance details in the final reconstruction, simultaneously. In the experiments, our method quantitatively and qualitatively achieves the competitive 3D human body models from images with various poses and shapes on both the real and synthetic datasets.

scholarly journals Morpho-Tectonic Assessment of the Abu-Dabbab Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Insights from Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Khalifa ◽  
Bashar Bashir ◽  
Abdullah Alsalman ◽  
Nazik Öğretmen
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Valley Floor ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
Hypsometric Integral

The Abu-Dabbab area, located in the central part of the Egyptian Eastern Desert, is an active seismic region where micro-earthquakes (≈ML < 2.0) are recorded regularly. Earthquake epicenters are concentrated along an ENE–WSW trending pattern. In this study, we used morphological indexes, including the valley floor width-to-valley floor height ratio (Vf), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), the asymmetry factor index (Af), the drainage basin shape index (Bs), the stream length–gradient index (SL), hypsometric integral (Hi) water drainage systems, and a digital elevation model analysis, to identify the role of tectonics. These indexes were used to define the relative tectonic activity index (RTAI), which can be utilized to distinguish low (RTAI < 1.26), moderate (RTAI = 1.26–1.73), and high (RTAI > 1.73) tectonic activity signals all over the study area. Firstly, our results indicate low to medium tectonic activity and general anomaly patterns detected along the major tectonic zones of the study area. Secondly, based on most of the low to medium tectonic activity distributed in the study area and the detected anomalies, we discuss two potential drivers of the seismicity in the Abu-Dabbab area, which are fault-controlled and deep-rooted activities.

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