A Comparison Between the Effect of Three Types of Low-Calorie Diets on Controlling Blood Glucose and Lipids in People with Type 2 Diabetes

The blood glucose level of people with diabetes can be normalized through an appropriate diet, physical activity, the use of chemical drugs and medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate the effects of low-calorie diets (1200, 1500, and 1800 kcal) on glucose and serum lipids in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. This clinical trial was conducted among 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The criteria for entering the study were fasting blood glucose higher than 130 mg/dl, hemoglobin A1C higher than 7% and BMI higher than 25. Blood glucose, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured before and after intervention two hours after each meal. Patients were trained by an expert. Then, the questionnaires were completed and analyzed. In this study, the mean fasting blood glucose level in patients who used 1500 and 1200 kcal diet decreased significantly after intervention (p<0.05). Glucose decreased significantly after two hours using a 1500 kcal diet (p<0.009). In addition, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in patients who used the 1500 kcal diet (p<0.05). Although, there was no significant difference in blood glucose levels between 1200, 1500 and 1800 kcal diets based on gender, residencency and BMI. Regarding the fact that there was no significant difference in reducing blood glucose and serum lipids between 1200 and 1500 kcal diets. It is recommended to use a 1500 kcal diet instead of 1200 kcal diet, which imposes fewer limitations and is easier to tolerate.

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Comparing the effect of ladies’ finger water with fenugreek seeds water on the blood glucose level among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a randomized controlled trial

International Journal of Clinical Trials ◽

10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20210140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Radhika R. ◽

Navaneetha M. ◽

Ravichandran K. ◽

Hemavathi P.

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Fenugreek Seeds ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: The primary aim of managing diabetes is to maintain blood glucose level to prevent diabetes induced complications. Studies showed that ladies finger and fenugreek seeds are blood sugar stabilizer. The objective of this randomized active controlled trial was to assess the effect of ladies finger water versus fenugreek seeds water on the blood glucose level among subject with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Total of 180 study participants were selected and equally assigned to three groups by computer generated randomization. Group 1-received ladies finger water and oral antidiabetic drug (OAD); group 2-received fenugreek seeds water and OAD; group 3-received only OAD for 15 days. Pre and post intervention fasting blood sugar (FBS) was assessed by accu-chek Performa glucometer. Wilcoxon signed rank test; one-way analysis of covariance followed by post hoc test with Bon-ferroni correction was done.Results: Analysis was done based on 168 subjects. There was a significant reduction in FBS level with the mean difference of group 1-21.0 mg/dl (p<0.001), group 2-20.3 mg/dl (p<0.001) and group 3-4.7 mg/dl (p=0.068). No significant difference found between group 1 and group 2 (p=1.00), but significant difference found between group 1 and group 3 (p=0.032); group 2 and group 3 (p=0.012). Both ladies finger water and fenugreek seeds water were superior in reduction of FBS than OAD.Conclusions: Ladies finger water or fenugreek seeds water can be used as adjunct along with OAD to control type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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PREVALENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i9.517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Harish Basera ◽

Dr. K.C. Pant

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: Thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to adverse health effects even death, if left untreated. It is a pathological condition known as hypothyroidism. Most common symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults are weight gain, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin. These clinical presentations can differ with age and sex, among other factors. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), is associated with an increased risk of developing a number of clinical conditions, like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lung disease, malignant condition, and psychiatric disorders, both before and after the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the chronic endocrine disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting in impaired insulin secretion insulin resistance. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at OPD of Dept. of Medicine at Govt. Doon Medical College and Hospital. The study period was between jan2019 to August 2019. The anthropometric measurements and demographic characteristics of patients included in the study were recorded. The clinical details and medications are entered into Excel sheet of Microsoft Excel 2013. Biochemical tests were done and reports were entered. Results: Prevalence of hypothyroidism in T2DM is found to be 10.94% in our study. Average BMI was observed to be 28.01 kg/m2 with SD of 3.39 kg/m2. Level of T3 and T4 were observed to be 0.98(0.23) ng/ml and 1.24(0.29) ng/ml respectively. Fasting blood glucose level was 133.05(17.81) mg/dl and post prandial blood glucose level was 201.54(27.33) mg/dl. Among all 112 patients, 71(63.39%) of cases had a family history of diabetes. Conclusion: It is noted that one-tenth of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has hypothyroidism. BMI was noted to be more than 28 kg/m2 among all patients. Hypothyroidism may be prevalent in T2DM patients due to duration of diabetes, obesity. To confirm the findings, more studies in this area are required. Keywords: T2DM, Hypothyroidism, TSH, T3, T4.

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The Usage of Type 2 Diabetes Medication for Outpatients at the Ministry of Public Security Traditional Medicine Hospital

VNU Journal of Science Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Thanh Hai ◽

Ha My Ngoc ◽

Doan Thuy Ngan ◽

Nguyen Xuan Bach

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Public Security ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetes Medication ◽

Significant Difference

This study aimes to analyse the usage of type 2 diabetes medication for outpatients at the Ministry of Public Security Traditional Medicine Hospital and to rate their adherence to the treatment. In this study, Type 2 diabetic patients were treated as outpatients and managed for at least 12 months at the clinic of the hospital. The results show that after 12 months of treatment, the average fasting blood glucose value decreased from 7.6 ± 1.76 mmol/l to 7.42 ± 1.81 mmol/l and the percentage of the patients either with blood glucose changes or reached the FPG target, increased from 38.3% to 70.0%, a statistically significant difference with p <0.05. After 6 months of treatment from the time of T-6 to T0, HbA1c index decreased by 7.1 ± 1.0 to 6.4 ± 0.9% and the percentage of the patients either with HbA1C value changes or achieved the target, increased from 50.0% to 75.0%. The percentage of the patients who had good compliance was 60.8%. With an additional drug in the regimen, the adherence reduced by 29% (OR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.56 - 0.89; p = 0.002). The adherence of the 1-year-older patients decreased by 9% (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 - 0.97; p = 0.03). The study concludes that most of the patients received stable treatment; the regimens promoted maximum therapeutic effect. The two factors affecting the level of compliance of the patients with the drug were the age and the number of diabetes medicines used in the application. Keywords Type 2 diabetes, adherence to treatment, outpatients. References [1] Association. American Diabetes, Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2018, https://diabetesed.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2018-ADA-Standards-of-Care.pdf, 2018 (accessed 25 May 2019).[2] A. Jafarian-Amirkhizi, A. Sarayani, K. Gholami, M. Taghizadeh-Ghehi, K. Heidari, A. Jafarzadeh-Kohneloo, D.E.Morisky, Adherence to medications, self-care activity, and HbA1c status among patients with type 2 diabetes living in an urban area of Iran, J Diabetes Metab Disord. 17(2) (2018) 165-172. https://doi: 10.1007/s40200-018-0356-4.[3] D.E. Morisky, M.R. Di Matteo, Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence: Response to Authors, J Clin Epidemiol. 64(3) (2011) 255-257; discussion 258-63. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.002.[4] Y. Tominaga, T. Aomori, T. Hayakawa, D.E. Morisky, K. Takahashi, M. Mochizuki, Relationship between medication adherence and glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Pharmazie. 73(10) (2018) 609-612. https://doi: 10.1691/ph.2018.8587. [5] M.C. Govern Andrew, T. Zayd, Systematic review of adherence rates by medication class in type 2 diabetes: a study protocol, BMJ Open, 6(2) (2016) e010469. https://doi: https://doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010469.[6] M. Tiktin, S. Celik, Understanding adherence to medications in type 2 diabetes care and clinical trials to overcome barriers: a narrative review, Curr Med Res Opin. 32(2) (2016) 277-287. https:// doi: https:// doi: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1119677.

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Effect of electroacupuncture at ear and body acupoints on the instant fasting blood glucose level of machins with type 2 diabetes mellitus

World Journal of Acupuncture - Moxibustion ◽

10.1016/s1003-5257(17)30042-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Jing-jun ZHAO ◽

Xu ZHAI ◽

Man LUO ◽

Hui BEN ◽

Pei-jing RONG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose Level

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Biochemical Features of Type 2 Diabetics in Kushtia District, Bangladesh

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v33i01.52166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 71-74

Author(s):

Hasan Mahfuz Reza ◽

Md Rezaul Karim ◽

Md Abdus Samad

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Biochemical Study ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

The Body ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Biochemical Features

Introduction: Biochemical analysis or laboratory tests assist to determine what happening to the body internally. The aim of the present study was to access the biochemical features of type 2 diabetic patients in Kushtia district, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who presented to the OPD in three referral diabetic centers in Kushtia district, Bangladesh from August 2016 to July 2017. A total of 282 patients were included in the study. The collected data were checked, entered and analyzed using the computer program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Biochemical study showed that mean blood hemoglobin level was 12.49±1.47g/dl, mean fasting blood glucose level of the patients was 8.86±1.67mmol/L and blood glucose level two hours after breakfast was 13.94±2.88mmol/L. The study showed that the patient having abnormal level of triglyceride (66%) were higher than normal level (34%). Conclusion: The subjects had higher triglyceride and LDL values (65.6% and 28.7% respectively). These higher percentages with abnormal lipid profile are likely to be more prone to cardiovascular diseases. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 71-74

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