scholarly journals The effect of using alum mordant in wild cherry bark dyestuff for the production of UV resistant colored paper

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
Ayhan Gençer ◽  
Ahmet Can ◽  
Aysun Mustak ◽  
Ülkü Burcu Gitti
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Accelerated Weathering Test ◽  
Colored Paper ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Depending on the use of wood in the forest industry, wood bark is mostly peeled and used as fuel. The ash and smoke left from the burned bark causes environmental pollution. The most environmentally friendly method for waste disposal is to convert waste into a valuable commodity. In this study, cherry tree bark was used as a dyestuff in paper production. Wild cherry (Cerasus avium L.) bark was boiled with water and KOH. The purpose of using KOH is to increase the solubility of the bark compounds. The chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) was dyed using the dyestuff. The alum mordant is used to fi x the dyestuff. Paper can be exposed to external influences (mechanical, physical and biological) depending on the place of use. One of these effects is sunshine. When paper is exposed to direct or indirect sunlight, paper changes its color. Depending on the place of use, it is expected that the color of the paper will not be affected by the sunlight or that it will provide long-term strength after the application. Accelerated weathering test was chosen to measure the UV resistance of the dyestuff. The results have shown that the mordant has a significant effect on the fixation of dyestuff. After a total of 150 hours of weathering test, the color change was observed to be the lowest in the paper samples to which alum mordant was added to the dyestuff.

scholarly journals Effects of UV, humidity, and high temperature exposure on linen fibers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Sandulache ◽  
Mihaela-Cristina Lite ◽  
Lucia-Oana Secareanu ◽  
Elena-Cornelia Mitran ◽  
Ovidiu Iordache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Accelerated Weathering Test ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Natural Decay

Generally, the most common damaging factors for linen textile materials are the environmental conditions, their handling, and natural decay. Such environmental factors are ultraviolet (UV) radiation, humidity, and high temperature. Therefore, to investigate the effects these factors may cause, an accelerated weathering test was conducted on linen fabrics, using alternating cycles of UV exposure and humidity, along with relatively high temperatures. The effects of this test were investigated using non-destructive and micro-destructive analysis techniques. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe any modifications appearing at the surface of the fibers. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDS) was employed in conjunction with SEM for obtaining the spectrum of the chemical elements that were present at the surface of the linen samples. The modifications of functional groups occurring due to the weathering of linen were assessed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The color change of the samples was measured with a spectrophotometer. All the acquired information can be used as a starting point for the development of customized environmental parameters for keeping patrimony linen fabrics in museums in optimum conditions, thus preventing further damage. Additionally, the artificially weathered fabrics will be further employed in conservation experiments as substitute for old linen fabrics.

Photostabilizers performance on the surface analysis of green composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Hasret Ece Sönmez ◽  
Mehmet Safa Bodur ◽  
Alper Adrian Baysan ◽  
Mustafa Bakkal ◽  
Ersin Serhatli
Keyword(s):  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Photodegradation Mechanism ◽  
Ldpe Composites

In this work, various stabilizers have been introduced to prevent or delay degradation due to ultraviolet (UV) light exposure to prolong the service life of cotton fiber-reinforced composites. The effect of various additives like hindered amine light stabilizer, UV absorber (UVA), and antioxidant as photostabilizers of CF/low-density polyethylene (CF/LDPE) composites was compared. We showed how they influence to delay or eliminate the photodegradation of CF/LDPE subjected accelerated weathering. Surface analysis was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and color measurements. The results showed us the insight of the photodegradation mechanism of weathered CF/LDPE composites undergoing photooxidative reactions which causes a loss surface quality such as micro-cracking and color change. Among the stabilizers, UVA was found to be the most effective to delay some color changes in long term.

scholarly journals Wettability and Color Change of Thermally Treated Poplar OSB after Accelerated Weathering Test

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Negro ◽  
Paola Cetera ◽  
Corrado Cremonini ◽  
Luigi Todaro ◽  
Roberto Zanuttini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Industrial Coating ◽  
Accelerated Weathering Test ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Thermally Treated

Oriented strand board (OSB) panels are widely marketed for several applications, from building to packaging. The manufacturing of poplar OSB started recently in Northern Italy representing a relevant innovation in the sector since this product is usually made of coniferous wood. The thermal treatment is widely used for reducing the hygroscopicity of wood-based products, nonetheless it influences the mechanical behavior and degrades the main components of wood, which can affect their finishing. Therefore, it is important to know the properties of the treated surfaces. To this purpose, in this study a lot of OSB panels, made of poplar wood, 15 mm thick and with a density of 590 kg/m3, were thermally treated under vacuum conditions at 190 °C for 2 h and then subjected to accelerated weathering. The changes in color and in wettability due to treatment and accelerated weathering were studied. The thermal treatment determined a significant darkening of the color; the accelerated weathering darkened the untreated surfaces and, on the opposite, lightened the thermo-treated surfaces. The wettability decreased after thermal treatment and increased after weathering, more evidently in treated panels. Overall, this study improves the knowledge about the behavior of the surface of thermo-treated poplar OSB, which is relevant for the industrial coating of this product.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Physico-Mechanical and Weathering Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites Made of Wood Fibers from Discarded Parts of Pomelo Trees and Polypropylene

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Ke-Chang Hung ◽  
Wen-Chao Chang ◽  
Jin-Wei Xu ◽  
Tung-Lin Wu ◽  
Jyh-Horng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Accelerated Weathering Test

The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of wood–plastic composites (WPCs) made of polypropylene (PP) and wood fibers (WFs) from discarded stems, branches, and roots of pomelo trees. The results show that the WPCs made of 30–60 mesh WFs from stems have better physical, flexural, and tensile properties than other WPCs. However, the flexural strengths of all WPCs are not only comparable to those of commercial wood–PP composites but also meet the strength requirements of the Chinese National Standard for exterior WPCs. In addition, the color change of WPCs that contained branch WFs was lower than that of WPCs that contained stem or root WFs during the initial stage of the accelerated weathering test, but the surface color parameters of all WPCs were very similar after 500 h of xenon arc accelerated weathering. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed many cracks on the surfaces of WPCs after accelerated weathering for 500 h, but their flexural modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values did not differ significantly during weathering. Thus, all the discarded parts of pomelo trees can be used to manufacture WPCs, and there were no significant differences in their weathering properties during 500 h of xenon arc accelerated weathering.

scholarly journals In Situ Performance Assessment and Evaluation of Hydrophobic and Ultraviolet Protective Treatments for Historic Log Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Courtney Magill ◽  
Frank Matero
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Ongoing Project

Beginning in the summer of 2015, research was conducted on protective wood coatings and accelerated weathering testing methods for architectural log and timber. A rack for supplementary natural weathering testing of hydrophobic and ultraviolet protective surface treatments for logs was also erected as a subsequent phase at Grand Teton National Park. This laboratory and field research is part of an ongoing project to develop an appropriate treatment for historic log structures in the region that will preserve their original fabric while maintaining the intended historic appearance of the buildings, i.e., unpainted. The weathering rack will be in place for upwards of five years to verify the lab-based results from Phase I and to determine the long-term durability of the chosen treatments on already aged materials in situ. This report addresses the methods and materials for preparation of the weathering rack and samples as well as the methods being used to monitor their progress and initial results. Readings will be taken yearly to monitor the effects of weathering on each treatment.

Experimental Burned Rock Studies on the Edwards Plateau: A View from Camp Bullis, Texas

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pagoulatos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Edwards Plateau ◽  
Thermal Alteration ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Earth Oven

This article presents an experimental study concerning the use of thermally altered stone, commonly referred to as fire-cracked, or burned rock. A series of controlled cooking experiments were initiated as limestone cobbles were placed within a prepared earth-oven and re-heated; this type of earth-oven is similar to those found within prehistoric burned rock mounds on the Edwards Plateau of central Texas. Twelve experiments were conducted in this study, as four different sets of cobble assemblages were each re-heated three times, at six, twelve, twenty-four, and forty-eight hour intervals. These heated limestone cobbles were then analyzed for thermal alteration characteristics such as color change, cracking, and spalling, for comparative purposes. Quantitative analyses were then applied to the data in order to establish whether different patterns of thermal alteration exist dependent upon short-term and long-term re-uses.

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