scholarly journals The Influence of Heating Degree Days on Fuelwood Consumption in Households in Selected Countries of Central and Southeastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-410
Author(s):  
Slavica Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Models ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Wood Fuels ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Fuelwood Consumption ◽  
Central And Southeastern Europe

Serbia is one of the few European countries that does not keep official statistics and does not have data on heating degree days. A heating degree day (HDD) represents a measure to quantify the energy needs for heating a building. In order to create a database, six meteorological stations in Serbia had been selected, for which the heating degree days were calculated for every year in the period 2010-2018. The months with the highest values of heating degree days were also determined for each year of the analyzed period. In addition to the annual level, heating degree days in the heating seasons over the analyzed period were calculated for the six selected stations, as well as the length and the average air temperature of each heating season. In Serbia, heating season officially lasts from October 15 to April 15. To determine the influence of the calculated annual heating degree days on fuelwood consumption in households in Serbia, over the period 2010-2018, multiple econometric models were formulated. The influence of the annual values of heating degree days on fuelwood consumption for household space heating in Slovenia and Croatia was analyzed, as well. The analysis of energy consumption in the households of the selected countries showed that wood fuels are mostly used for heating, primarily fuelwood. This is the reason why this type of fuel was selected for the research.

The Effects of Occupancy and Solar Energy on Homes in the Pacific Northwest Constructed According to Improved Thermal Standards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Heerwagen ◽  
K. Nicoliasen ◽  
A. F. Emery
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract The space heating energy needed during the winter heating season in Seattle Washington, USA, was monitored over a 15 year period, 1987–2002. Single family residence houses were constructed to building code standards in force at the time of construction and two more to standards calling for envelopes with improved thermal resistance. Although space conditioning energy needs are strongly affected by occupant behavior, simulations generally ignore the temporal occupant behavior in estimating the energy needed for heating and cooling. Vigorous conservation tactics, which produce a thermal response that is highly transient, can lead to substantially different energy needs. No correlation could be established from the measured space heating when aggressive conservation made use of thermostat setback at every opportunity. In this paper we investigate the effects of occupant behavior and the effect of temporal solar heating of walls in the Seattle area for improved thermal construction.

Meteorological History and the Space-Heating Machine

1945 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
The Past ◽  
Automatic Temperature Control ◽  
The Cost

During the past forty years, the cost of heat energy and of labour has risen, accurate methods of automatic temperature control have been devised, the standard of thermal comfort demanded in dwellings, offices, factories, etc., has increased ( vide the Factories Act of 1937) and, for many purposes, electricity, gas, and oil are used in preference to coal and coke. The rate of consumption of these more modern forms of potential heat energy can be readily measured by means of meters, and these developments all tend to concentrate attention on the quantitative aspects of space-heating technique, including the capacity of the installation to carry relatively heavy overloads during periods of severe weather. Warmed buildings should no longer be regarded as receptacles for unknown quantities of valuable heat energy, even in its crudest form. Conversely, their space-heating installations should be considered as energy converters, possessing a thermal efficiency which can be accurately assessed, when the hour-to-hour and day-to-day thermal potential (expressed in terms of degree-days), and certain other factors are known. The Royal Meteorological Society recently published two important papers covering the October–May heating season back to 1881, and the three winter months (December–February) back to 1783 respectively. The statistical data, thus made conveniently available, suggested to the author that the time had arrived when an attempt should be made, not only to make a broad (eight-month) but also a long (160-year) review of the space-heating aspect of meteorological history, based not only on averages or means of the monthly or seasonal temperature (energy consumption), but also on the extreme maximum and minimum values of daily temperatures (heating power).

Heating degree–days for arid regions

Energy ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekai Şen ◽  
Mikdat Kadiogl̂u
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Heating Degree Days

scholarly journals Interactions Between Chill-Hours and Degree-Days Affect Carpogenic Germination in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of cumulative chill-hours (hours with a mean temperature <7.2°C) and heating degree-days (base 7.2°C) to carpogenic germination of pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, which causes mummy berry disease of blueberry, was investigated. In two laboratory experiments, pseudosclerotia collected from rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia were conditioned at 5 to 6°C for 26 to 1,378 h prior to placement in conditions favorable for germination and apothecium development. The number of chill-hours accumulated during the conditioning period affected the subsequent proportion of pseudosclerotia that germinated and produced apothecia, with the greatest incidence of carpogenic germination occurring after intermediate levels of chilling (≈700 chill-hours). The minimum chilling requirement for germination and apothecium production was considerably lower than that reported previously for pseudo-sclerotia from highbush blueberry in northern production regions. The rate of carpogenic germination was strongly affected by interactions between the accumulation of chill-hours and degree-days during the conditioning and germination periods; pseudosclerotia exposed to prolonged chilling periods, once transferred to suitable conditions, germinated and produced apothecia more rapidly (after fewer degree-days had accumulated) than those exposed to shorter chilling periods. Thus, pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi are adapted to germinate carpogenically following cold winters (high chill-hours, low degree-days) as well as warm winters (low chill-hours, high degree-days). Results were validated in a combined field-laboratory experiment in which pseudosclerotia that had received various levels of natural chilling were allowed to germinate in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and in two field experiments in which pseudosclerotia were exposed to natural chilling and germination conditions. A simple model describing the timing of apothecium emergence in relation to cumulative chill-hours and degree-days was developed based on the experiments. The model should be useful for better timing of field scouting programs for apothecia to aid in management of primary infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document