scholarly journals The Development of a Program for the Genetic Improvement of Douglas-fir in British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Orr-Ewing
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Interim Measure ◽  
Production Areas

The Douglas-fir, one of the most important species in western North America, has been widely planted in coastal British Columbia since 1930. The present measures being taken by the British Columbia Forest Service, Industry and the University of British Columbia to improve the genetic quality of the large amounts of seed required, are discussed. These include seed production areas, selections of plus trees in clone banks and seed orchards, together with the research programs being undertaken by all three organizations. It is noted that at the present time more than 90 per cent of the Douglas-fir seed is collected from unimproved stands. It is considered that the acreage of the seed production areas and the planned expansion of seed orchards will not be sufficient to ensure that future collections will be from improved seed sources. An immediate expansion of seed production areas is suggested as an interim measure. It is considered that there is great potential for the genetic improvement of Douglas-fir as it has already been demonstrated that the species is adaptable to radically different methods of breeding.

DISTRIBUTION AND IMPACT OF LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALS HEIDEMANN (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) IN SEED ORCHARDS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzie E. Blatt ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Leptoglossus Occidentalis

AbstractLeptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is considered to be an important cone and seed pest in seed orchards in British Columbia; however, no impact studies have been done in Canada. Surveys to determine the distribution of L. occidentalis were conducted over a 3-year period in three coastal seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and over a 2-year period in two seed orchards of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann. Leptoglossus occidentalis was found to distribute itself in patches, coinciding with a clonal preference. Seed losses were assessed for 2 years in the coastal Douglas-fir orchards and for 1 year in one lodgepole pine orchard. The percentages of partially filled seed that could have been caused by feeding of L. occidentalis or by a number of other factors were < 5% in coastal Douglas-fir for both 1992 and 1993 and ~14% in lodgepole pine in 1993. Apparently because populations of L. occidentalis were low, there was no correlation between the percentage of partially filled seed and number of insects per tree. Except in unusual circumstances, management measures in Canada are judged not to be necessary as populations of L. occidentalis are consistently below the calculated threshold levels required to cause ≥5% loss in seed production.

An evaluation of the genetic structure of seed sources and the maintenance of genetic diversity during establishment of two yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) seed-production areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Broadhurst ◽  
Graham Fifield ◽  
Bindi Vanzella ◽  
Melinda Pickup
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks ◽  
Production Areas

Vegetation clearing and land-use change have depleted many natural plant communities to the point where restoration is required. A major impediment to the success of rebuilding complex vegetation communities is having regular access to sufficient quantities of high-quality seed. Seed-production areas (SPAs) can help generate this seed, but these must be underpinned by a broad genetic base to maximise the evolutionary potential of restored populations. However, genetic bottlenecks can occur at the collection, establishment and production stages in SPAs, requiring genetic evaluation. This is especially relevant for species that may take many years before a return on SPA investment is realised. Two recently established yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora A.Cunn. ex Schauer, Myrtaceae) SPAs were evaluated to determine whether genetic bottlenecks had occurred between seed collection and SPA establishment. No evidence was found to suggest that a significant loss of genetic diversity had occurred at this stage, although there was a significant difference in diversity between the two SPAs. Complex population genetic structure was also observed in the seed used to source the SPAs, with up to eight groups identified. Plant survival in the SPAs was influenced by seed collection location but not by SPA location and was not associated with genetic diversity. There were also no associations between genetic diversity and plant growth. These data highlighted the importance of chance events when establishing SPAs and indicated that the two yellow box SPAs are likely to provide genetically diverse seed sources for future restoration projects, especially by pooling seed from both SPAs.

Comparison of selected Douglas-fir seed sources for cambial and leader growth patterns in four western Oregon environments

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Emmingham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Cambial Growth ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Definite Pattern

The leader and cambial growth of sapling Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from both inland and coastal varieties followed a definite pattern in four western Oregon environments. Generally, buds became active first and cambial growth became active soon after. Leader growth stopped in August, long before cambial growth, which continued into October. Phenology, total seasonal growth, and growth pattern for trees from coastal sources from Vancouver Island, B.C., to southern Oregon were more similar than for trees from inland sources from British Columbia to Idaho and Arizona. Most of the differences among populations in one season's growth were related to growth rate rather than growth duration.

Estimation of seed orchard efficiencies by means of multistage variable probability sampling

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bartram ◽  
G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Variable Probability Sampling ◽  
Efficiency Data ◽  
Variable Probability

This paper describes two frameworks for developing effective multistage variable probability sampling methods to estimate seed orchard efficiencies. In both cases a standard multistage approach is implemented initially in multiple orchards and years. The effectiveness of this approach is then evaluated against several alternative methods, using the initial efficiency data collected, and subsequent survey procedures are prescribed on the basis of this analysis. An example illustrating the application of this methodology in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchards in British Columbia is presented.

scholarly journals Floral biology of tree fruit rootstocks

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hrotkó ◽  
Z. Erdős
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Sources

The modern nursery industry requires seed sources of a high quality and regular quantity year by year. Besides the seed sources of processed cultivars (Bartlett pear, Shipley, Elberta peach) special seed orchards are planted with selected seed trees producing high quality and genetically determined seed (hybrid seed or inbred lines). Seedlings are still the most common commercial source of rootstocks for stone fruits (almond, apricot, peach, plum, prune and walnut). Although clonal rootstocks are spreading, usage of seedlings is still predominant at stone fruits and nuts. For successful seed production and planning of seed orchard the knowledge on floral biology, flower fertility, pollination, blossom time of trees (selected clone or cultivars) used for seed production is essential. In this field very little systematic research was carried out most of the papers were published in the second half of the 20th century. Our mini review gives an overview on the importance of flower fertility in the mating systems applied in seed orchards, and the research results on floral biology of fruit tree rootstocks propagated by seed (Prunus avium, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus insititia, Prunus amygdalus, P persica, P amygdalopersica, Pyrus pyraster, Pyrus communis and Pyrus betulifolia) over the last decades.

Pollination and cone morphology affect cone and seed production in lodgepole pine seed orchards

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N Owens ◽  
Jordan Bennett ◽  
Sylvia L'Hirondelle
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Cone Development ◽  
Pollen Cone ◽  
Developmental Features

We describe the phenology and mechanisms of pollen-cone and seed-cone development in lodgepole pine in the interior of British Columbia and the methods for monitoring cone phenology, pollination, seed production, and causes of seed and cone losses in seed orchards over the 15-month reproductive cycle. Pollination lasted about 2 weeks, between mid-May and mid-June. Pollen shedding and female receptivity showed homogamy, protandry, or protogyny depending on weather, site, and year. Morphological and developmental features explain why pollination as early as stage 3 was most successful and why self-pollination led to a seriously reduced production of filled seed. Early pollination increased the seed potential per cone and consequently the filled seed per cone. Cone drop occurred when less than 80% of ovules were pollinated per cone and was higher in trees from Prince George than those in the Okanagan Valley. Misting of trees and mechanical blowing of pollen in the orchards did not increase filled seed per cone. Clonal effect was the most important factor in all trials and has implications for orchard management.

Natural establishment of Pinus spp. around seed production areas and orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 119333
Author(s):  
Magda Paula dos Santos ◽  
Marcio José de Araujo ◽  
Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Establishment ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Production Areas

scholarly journals How geographic and climatic factors affect the adaptation of Douglas-fir provenances to the temperate continental climate zone in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Niemczyk ◽  
Daniel J. Chmura ◽  
Jarosław Socha ◽  
Tomasz Wojda ◽  
Piotr Mroczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Continental Climate

AbstractThe contribution of Douglas-fir (Df) to European forests is likely to increase as the species is a potential adaptation option to climate change. In this study, we investigated growth and survival of Df seed sources to fill a knowledge gap regarding recommendations for the future use of Df provenances in Poland. Our experimental test site represents the most continental climate among all Df trials installed in the IUFRO 1966–67 test series in Europe. At this unique single site, we evaluated the performance of 46 Df provenances from North America, and nine local landraces of unknown origin. Repeated measurements of tree diameter, height, and volume were analysed, to age 48, representing integrated responses to geographic and climatic conditions. Significant variation in survival and productivity-related traits were found, with the interior Df provenances performing best, in contrast to previous European reports. The higher survivability and volume of the interior provenances resulted from their superior frost resistance. The low precipitation seasonality at the location of seed origin provided an additional advantage to the trees at the test site. Geographic and climatic factors of seed origin explained most of the variation in productivity (77 and 64%, respectively). The tested landraces exhibited diverse performance, implying that naturalized local seed sources in Poland need improvement and perhaps enrichment with new genetic material from North America, while considering geography and climate. Assisted migration programs should consider the limitations imposed by both frost and drought events in guiding future Df selections for continental climates. Further field testing, early greenhouse screening and DNA testing are also recommended.

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