scholarly journals The status and potential of using controlled parentage in operational reforestation in New Brunswick

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
K. J. Tosh
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Initial Research

Tree improvement programs began in New Brunswick in the 1970s, and, by the early 1990s, most of the seed used in reforestation was from seed orchards. Initial research such as fertilizer trials and other flower induction methods focussed on increasing seed orchard yields. Trials have also been established to investigate parental contribution to seed orchard production. As the New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council breeding programs advance into the second generation, two new approaches have been developed to capture genetic gain more efficiently. The use of controlled breeding followed by vegetative multiplication of black spruce has been adopted operationally by J.D. Irving, Limited, and a jack pine meadow orchard has been established by the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy. This paper presents an overview of these programs and the future challenges of using controlled parentage in operational reforestation stock production.

Genetically based differences in susceptibility of white spruce to the spruce bud moth

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Jean Turgeon ◽  
Dale Simpson ◽  
Allan Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Selection For ◽  
One Year

The susceptibility of white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, leaders to damage by the spruce bud moth, Zeirapheracanadensis Mut. & Free., was assessed for 72 half-sib families at four half-sib family test sites and in one seedling seed orchard in New Brunswick. Trees of intermediate height (1.5–3.75 m) were the most damaged, and damage in one year was positively correlated to damage in the next. During 2 consecutive years, half-sib family explained only 1% of the variation in damage when all four test sites were analysed together. However, half-sib family explained between 2.9 and 7.9% of the variation in damage at individual sites. At the four test sites, mean growth reductions of trees in the two most susceptible families were estimated to be approximately 30% higher than those of trees in the two least susceptible families. When all 72 families were ranked with respect to height, trees in the most susceptible and least susceptible families were ranked very poorly and highly, respectively. This suggested that trees in more susceptible families were smaller because of damage by the spruce bud moth. However, this pattern was observed at all sites, including one where bud moth damage was negligible. Thus even in the absence of damage by the spruce bud moth, trees in these least susceptible families had a greater growth rate, in terms of height, than trees in the most susceptible families. This indicates that selection for plant traits reducing susceptibility to bud moth may be compatible with breeding programs attempting to improve height growth. Implications of these results for tree improvement programs are discussed.

An economic analysis of black spruce breeding in New Brunswick

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Cornelius ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Program Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plus Tree

A representative black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) breeding program was formulated using information collected from New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council cooperators. This "base program" was subjected to program profitability and program efficiency analyses. Costs and revenues were computed for a range of real discount rates. The results showed that variation in discount rates did not greatly influence the break-even level of gross discounted revenue, which was fairly stable at around $100 000 for the base orchard of 5.2 ha. Projected gross discounted revenue ranged from about $100 000 at 4.5% discount rate to $36 at 16%. With the internal rate of return at 4.4%, it was concluded that black spruce breeding is probably an economic means of securing extra wood supplies. The program efficiency component concentrated on resource allocation between plus-tree and family selection. The results suggested that current strategies are close to optimum; for a wide range of numbers of familis selected within a constant budget, gross returns remained within about 10% of the maximum possible for each assumption set. It was concluded that current breeding programs should be continued, with present recommended strategies retained.

scholarly journals Optimization of Pollen Germination in Tectona grandis (Teak) for Breeding Programs

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Ana Hine ◽  
Alejandra Rojas ◽  
Lorenzo Suarez ◽  
Olman Murillo ◽  
Mario Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
High Price ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Operational Activities

Teak has become one of the most widely planted species in tropical regions of the world, given its high price for its timber in international markets. This has motivated the development of tree improvement programs in the Latin American region and in the tropical world in general. The latest advances have achieved clonal forestry at an operational scale. Recently, important efforts are being made to advance towards the next breeding generation, since knowledge about floral biology and pollen management have become important issues. A breeding program is being developed through the Tree Improvement Cooperative GENFORES—a vinculation model between the academy and forestry companies that was initiated in Costa Rica and now involves six Latin American countries. In order to advance into the next breeding generations, building capacities in topics such as pollen banks requires pollen quality, thus enabling the exchange of pollen among cooperative members. Pollen fertility studies are of considerable value in breeding programs, in order to determine pollen viability and germination in collections of genotypes, before going into mating operational activities. In this study, we optimized pollen quality analysis protocols in terms of the viability and germination of fresh teak pollen. Results of this research show that 90% viability and 28% germination can be achieved in fresh pollen grains, both inside and outside the anther, previously dehydrated in silica gel for 2 to 4 h (40% and 33% humidity, respectively). Brewbacker and Kwack (BK) medium at 10% of its salts + 10% sucrose and at a pH of 7 must be used as the germination medium. It is possible to evaluate teak pollen quality using the parameters defined in this study, which will in turn allow pollen management and purification, providing an opportunity for carrying out controlled crosses at an operational scale as part of teak breeding programs.

Status and Outlook for Tree Improvement Programs in the Northeast

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Carter ◽  
J. Dale Simpson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Industrial Organizations ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Maritime Canada

Abstract Tree improvement programs have been undertaken by several governmental and industrial organizations in Maritime Canada and the New York-New England region of the United States. Target species vary according to local interests, but at least five are of general interest within these regions: white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, white pine, and the larches. This paper examines the current status of breeding programs for these species and prospects for future development. North. J. Appl. For. 2:127-131, Dec. 1985.

Carbofuran Trials in a Red Pine Seed Orchard

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Rush ◽  
Ronald P. Overton ◽  
Raymond P. Guries ◽  
David J. Hall ◽  
Robert S. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract Seed and cone insects can drastically reduce seed yields from pine seed orchards and consequently reduce the profitability of entire tree improvement programs. Liquid and granular formulations of carbofuran both controlled the eastern pine seedworm, the red pine coneworm, the webbing coneworm, and a cone resin midge in field trials at a red pine seed orchard in southern Wisconsin. Both formulations substantially reduced the frequency of insect attacks when applied at the rate of 0.8 oz of active ingredient per inch of tree diameter. The percent of cones attacked by insects declined from 96% in untreated trees to 32% in trees treated with granular carbofuran and 11% in trees treated with liquid carbofuran. Some phytotoxicity was noted on trees treated with liquid carbofuran; phytotoxicity was much less apparent on trees treated with the granular formulation. Label amendments have been made to allow the operational use of carbofuran in northern pine seed orchards, and this may make northern tree improvement programs more profitable. North. J. Appl. For. 4:177-180, Dec. 1987.

scholarly journals Strawberry Breeding for the Southern United States

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 597C-597
Author(s):  
Gene J. Galletta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Southern State ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Strawberry Breeding

This review briefly summarizes the status of the Southern strawberry industries during the 20th century. Objectives, contributions, and personnel of the Southern state and federal improvement programs are presented. The future of the southern strawberry industries and their reduced number of breeding programs are predicted, with emphasis on the objectives which may have to be altered to accommodate new and continuing problems.

scholarly journals Porsild spruce in Canada – an update

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Rodney Arthur Savidge
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Common Component ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Wild Tree

Several new developments are noted since publication of “Porsild spruce in Canada” in The Forestry Chronicle in January 2013. Firstly, Porsild spruce has been found in northeastern Quebec. Secondly, although researchers were unaware of the fact until now, the Porsild spruce phenotype has been found to be a common component in the New Brunswick tree improvement program’s second-generation seed orchard in support of reforestation. Thirdly, a wild tree discovered in New Brunswick displays morphological features of Engelmann spruce and, based on observed similarities between Yukon Beringia Porsild spruce phenotypes and the accepted Engelmann spruce phenotype, it is possible that the New Brunswick Engelmann spruce tree was derived from the local Porsild spruce population.

STAGE-SPECIFIC SURVIVAL OF STROBILOMYIA APPALACHENSIS (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Fidgen ◽  
J.D. Sweeney ◽  
D.T. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractA 2-year field study was carried out to determine densities and stage-specific survival of eggs, second- and third-instar larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adults of Strobilomyia appalachensis Michelsen in a black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. (Pinaceae), seed orchard located in New Brunswick, Canada. Trends in stage-specific survival were similar for both years. Most individuals died during the second-instar stage, we suspect mostly because of failure to establish. The lowest stage survival occurred during the prepupal and pupal stages, due primarily to predation by ground-dwelling invertebrates.

scholarly journals The New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council is 20 years old

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Simpson ◽  
Kathleen Tosh
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Stem Straightness

Applied breeding programs in New Brunswick have been coordinated for the past 20 years by the New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council. First-generation programs for black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) consisted of seedling seed orchards and open-pollinated family tests, in contrast to those of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) and tamarack (Larix laricina [Du Roi] K.Koch), which were clonal seed orchards and control-pollinated progeny tests. Production from the seed orchards has been regular and heavy. In only 15 years, most reforestation stock was being grown from orchard seed. Early results from black spruce and jack pine realized gain tests indicate increases of 12 to 20% in volume growth by using genetically improved seed. This is double the prediction that was made when the program started. Stem straightness of jack pine trees has been improved by 25%. Second-generation programs of black spruce and jack pine are well underway and production from these orchards is steadily increasing. Indications are that gains from using this seed will be substantial. An ongoing research and development program has contributed to a more effective breeding program, has increased seed production, and has given further insights into wood quality. The success of the Council's program is due to excellent participation and team work by government, university and industrial agencies and their long-term commitment. Key words: seed production, tree improvement, black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, tamarack

Genetic gains from 20 years of cooperative tree improvement in New Brunswick

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce McInnis ◽  
Kathleen Tosh
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
Rotation Age

The New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council analyzed 20-year data from plantations of unimproved and first generation improved black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). STAMAN, a computer model, conservatively projected an 11% merchantable volume gain at 40 years based on 20-year measurements of 36 000 trees. At age 20 years, first generation black spruce was 12% taller and 25–30% greater in total volume. Projections from over 160 000 individual measurements of height from age five to 20 years indicate that by 40 years, gains of 7–8% in height and 18–20% in total volume are likely. Ten year assessments from over 10 000 measurements of second generation black spruce indicate a 30% height gain over first generation material of the same age. For jack pine first generation material, the projections indicated a height gain of 14% and a total volume gain of over 30% at 40 years. Faster growth can provide greater volume at rotation age, a shorter rotation interval, or earlier interventions for commercial thinning. Key words: genetic gain, tree improvement, black spruce, jack pine

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