Reduced ground beetle activity following ice damage in maple stands of southwestern Quebec

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Saint-Germain ◽  
Yves Mauffette
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Provincial Park

The 1998 ice storm led to significant tree crown loss in the deciduous forests of southwestern Quebec. Increased irradiation in the understory may alter edaphic parameters of affected forests, such as temperature and humidity. We examined effects such a disturbance might have on the epigeal fauna of sugar maple stands during the summers of 1998 and 1999. Dry pitfall traps were set in the deciduous forest of Mont-Saint-Bruno Provincial Park, 20 km southeast of Montreal, Quebec under three different post-ice storm conditions (light tree crown loss, severe loss, and gaps) from mid-July to mid-August. We captured significantly fewer total Coleoptera and Carabidae at sites damaged by the ice storm. Species diversity of Coleoptera was also lower at damaged sites. However, the daily activity cycle of the insects did not change following heavy crown loss. Synhuchus impunctatus (Say), the dominant forest species, proved to be very sensitive to the disturbance. Observed decreases in insect abundance may be related to environmental changes resulting from heavy crown loss; these effects were probably both direct (on metabolism) and indirect (on nutritional resources). Key words: Carabidae, crown loss, disturbance, ice storm, maple stands, Synuchus impunctatus

Vegetation Effects on Soil Properties in the Monteagle Sandy Loam Series: Implications for Land‐use Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Neil
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties are strongly influenced by the composition of the surrounding vegetation. We investigated soil properties of three ecosystems; a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest and an agricultural grassland, to determine the impact of land use change on soil properties. Disturbances such as deforestation followed by cultivation can severely alter soil properties, including losses of soil carbon. We collected nine 40 cm cores from three ecosystem types on the Roebuck Farm, north of Perth Village, Ontario, Canada. Dominant species in each ecosystem included hemlock and white pine in the coniferous forest; sugar maple, birch and beech in the deciduous forest; grasses, legumes and herbs in the grassland. Soil pH varied little between the three ecosystems and over depth. Soils under grassland vegetation had the highest bulk density, especially near the surface. The forest sites showed higher cation exchange capacity and soil moisture than the grassland; these differences largely resulted from higher organic matter levels in the surface forest soils. Vertical distribution of organic matter varied greatly amongst the three ecosystems. In the forest, more of the organic matter was located near the surface, while in the grassland organic matter concentrations varied little with depth. The results suggest that changes in land cover and land use alters litter inputs and nutrient cycling rates, modifying soil physical and chemical properties. Our results further suggest that conversion of forest into agricultural land in this area can lead to a decline in soil carbon storage.

scholarly journals The Adequacy of Some Collecting Techniques for Obtaining Representative Arthropod Sample in Dry Grasslands

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Niedobová ◽  
Zdeněk Faltýnek Fric
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Dry Grasslands ◽  
Ecological Requirements

The number of remarkable species on a locality is an important indicator of locality value. The ecological requirements of the rare species may help to target correct landscape management activities. Our objective was to find out if standardly used capture methods for different group of invertebrate are able to detect really representative composition of species including rare taxa. Our experiment was carried out at the Moravský kras Protected Landscape Area (Macošská and Vilémovická stráň slope) where secondary dry grasslands are typical for each investigated locality. We used five groups of invertebrates (spiders, ground beetles, rove beetles, leaf beetles and weevils) and three capture methods (pitfall traps, sweeping on vegetation and yellow Möricke traps). Arthropods were determined and classified according to their rarity. Using the three capture methods, we obtained in total 127 spider species (Areneae), 31 ground beetle species (Carabidae), 29 rove beetle species (Staphylinide), 52 leaf beetle species (Chrysomelidae) and 55 weevil species (Curculionidae).Results showed that the different capture methods significantly influenced number of detected remarkable species. It was statistically proved for spiders (P = 0.025), weevils (P = 0.038) and marginally also for rove beetles (P = 0.051). Spiders of climax (C species) and semi-natural (SN species) habitats were rather detected by pitfall traps, whereas spiders of disturbed habitats were collected by sweeping on vegetation and Möricke yellow pans eventually. Relict species of weevils (R species) were detected by pitfall traps, typical species (T species) were collected by Möricke yellow pans and expansive species (E species) were found by sweeping on vegetation.

scholarly journals Saproxylic Diptera assemblages in a temperate deciduous forest: implications for community assembly

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6027
Author(s):  
Julia J. Mlynarek ◽  
Amélie Grégoire Taillefer ◽  
Terry A. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Decay Stage ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Temperate Deciduous ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forests ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Two Stages

Saproxylic insects, those associated directly or indirectly with decaying wood for all or part of their life cycle, compose a large proportion of forest organisms. Flies (Diptera) are often the most abundant and species-rich group of insects in forest microhabitats, yet most work to date on saproxylic insect diversity and ecology has focused on beetles (Coleoptera). We compared saproxylic Diptera assemblages reared from two tree species (sugar maple and American beech) at two stages of decay (early/young and advanced/old) for a total of 20 logs in an eastern Canadian Nearctic old-growth forest. We found that communities are distinct within both species type and decay stage of wood. Early decay stage wood is more variable in community composition than later decay stage; however, as the age of the decaying wood increases, the abundance of Diptera increases significantly. Most indicator species are discernible in later decay stage and wood type. We venture to suggest that stochastic and deterministic processes may play a role in driving Diptera communities in temperate deciduous forests. To retain the highest saproxylic Diptera diversity in a forest, a variety of decaying wood types at different stages of decomposition is necessary.

scholarly journals Composição de Carabidae (Coleoptera) em área agrícola com sistema de rotação Soja, milho e pousio.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. ec02002
Author(s):  
Ivan C. F. Martins ◽  
Francisco J. Cividanes
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The Ground beetles occurrence in agricultural areas can contribute to pest control as well as indicate environmental quality. This study aimed to evaluate the composition of the Carabidae community in an agricultural area of annual crops. Ninety-six pitfall traps were installed in a grid 10 meters apart. The experimental area had one hectare in a double-cropping system of soybean (summer) and corn (autumn-winter) followed by a fallow period. Ground beetle composition analysis was performed using ANAFAU software. We collected 42 species and 1537 specimens of Carabidae distributed in 14 tribes. Harpalini tribe was the most common compared to the others. Were considered predominant, in the fauna analysis, the species Calosoma alternans granulatum Perty, 1830, Selenophorus discopunctatus Dejean, 1829, Selenophorus alternans Dejean, 1829, Selenophorus sp.1, Tetracha brasiliensis (Kirby, 1819), Abaris basistriata Chaudoir, 1873 and Galerita collaris Dejean, 1826. Thus, a diverse and abundant Carabidae community was identified in that cropping system.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Population of Eastern Red-backed Salamanders, Plethodon cinereus, under Native Dominant Wood Coverboards and Natural Cover Objects

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Moore
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Plethodon Cinereus ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Significant Difference

Artificial cover objects or coverboards have been widely used to study Eastern Red-backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus), a species that is very abundant in eastern North America and known to be one of the most common vertebrates within its geographical range. However, recent studies have suggested that potential bias may be associated with the use of coverboards compared with natural cover objects. In this study, age structure and body size (weight and snout-vent length, SVL) of P. cinereus found under coverboards and natural cover objects at Lake Clair (Quebec, Canada) were compared. Coverboards were made of Sugar Maple (Acer sacchrum), a native forest species dominant in the study area. In 2004 and 2005, a total of 162 P. cinereus were found under coverboards, and 156 P. cinereus were found under natural cover objects. No significant difference in the age structure, mean weight, or SVL of P. cinereus was observed between the two sets. This study suggests that the type of coverboard used at Lake Clair is a good method to obtain an accurate index of P. cinereus population demographics, and is similar to that expected under natural cover objects. This technique should help to establish a standard protocol that could better allow direct comparisons among studies in the future. However, more studies are needed to explain the high proportion of adult specimens found under both cover types at Lake Clair relative to studies in other regions in North America.

Relationship of sap sugar concentrations in sugar maple to ray tissue and parenchyma flecks caused by Phytobiasetosa

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Wallner ◽  
Robert A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Root Collar

Sap sugar levels were determined for 300 sugar maple, Acersaccharum Marsh, trees. The 10 trees highest and lowest in sap sugar were sacrificed and attempts were made to calculate abundance and size of parenchyma flecks caused by Phytobiasetosa (Loew) and ray tissue per unit of xylem. Flecks occurred in up to 0.2% of the xylem, but there was no significant difference between fleck number or xylem-fleck ratio and sap sugar levels. Fleck numbers decreased with tree height; largest flecks were observed at the root collar and 8–12 m from the ground. This suggests that all P. setosa larvae do not mine from twigs in the crown to the roots, but that some mature and exit at the base of the tree crown. Trees high in sap sugar had significantly more ray tissue per unit of xylem than those low in sap sugar, a major factor in determining sap sugar concentrations.

Ice storm damage to eastern Ontario forests: 1998–2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Hopkin ◽  
Tim Williams ◽  
Robert Sajan ◽  
John Pedlar ◽  
Cathy Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Following the 1998 ice storm, tree mortality and crown damage were monitored on permanent plots across eastern Ontario from 1998 until 2001. Conifer species were less damaged than hardwoods. Hardwood tree species showing the greatest crown damage included aspen, (Populus tremuloides), basswood (Tilia americana), and white birch (Betula papyrifera); major species showing the least damage included sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red oak (Quercus rubra) and hickory (Carya spp.). Generally, smaller diameter trees showed less damage than larger diameter trees. Significant mortality was recorded to silver maple (Acer saccharinum), basswood, ash (Fraxinus spp.) and aspen in 1998, although mortality in 2000 and 2001 was about 1–2%. Trees sustaining > 75% crown damage usually died by 2001. Key words: ice storm, ice damage, forest health

scholarly journals Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e20185851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werther Pereira Ramalho ◽  
Daniella Pereira Fagundes França ◽  
Vinicius Guerra ◽  
Rosy Marciano ◽  
Nilton Carlos Do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reptile Species

Studies in remnants of semi-deciduous seasonal forest of the Cerrado are needed to fill sampling gaps and improve basic knowledge of biodiversity. This study presents data on the herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, one of the last protected areas of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado. Fourteen sites were sampled between March 2007 and April 2008 using pitfall traps and active searches. A total of 35 anuran species were recorded, most of which were found in hygrophilous environments near forest fragments, open areas and riparian or gallery forest. A total of 29 reptile species were recorded, most of which were found in semi-deciduous forest and riparian or gallery forest. Fourteen of the amphibians and five of the reptiles are endemic to the Cerrado. The richness of amphibians and reptiles found in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco is regionally representative, with communities typical of forest environments.

scholarly journals Radial growth of hardwoods following the 1998 ice storm in New Hampshire and Maine

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T Smith ◽  
Walter C Shortle
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Class A ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Ice storms and resulting injury to tree crowns occur frequently in North America. Reaction of land managers to injury caused by the regional ice storm of January 1998 had the potential to accelerate the harvesting of northern hardwoods due to concern about the future loss of wood production by injured trees. To assess the effect of this storm on radial stem growth, increment cores were collected from northern hardwood trees categorized by crown injury classes. For a total of 347 surviving canopy dominant and subdominant trees, a radial growth index was calculated (mean annual increment for 1998–2000 divided by the mean annual increment for 1995–1997). Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) categorized in injury class A (crown loss of less than one-half) had mean growth index values of approximately 1.0, indicating no loss of mean radial growth after 3 years. For injury class B (crown loss of one-half to three-quarters) and class C (crown loss greater than three-quarters), growth index values significantly decreased for sugar maple, yellow birch, and red maple. For white ash, growth index values of classes B and C were not significantly different from those of class A trees. Growth index values of A. saccharum and A. rubrum in injury class C were the lowest of those measured. These results indicated that the severity of growth loss due to crown injury depends on tree species and crown replacement as well as the extent of crown loss.

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