Genetic polymorphism of blood potassium in goat belonging to the different breeds and subbreed in Mongolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
P Myagmarsuren ◽  
B Battsetseg ◽  
D Altangerel ◽  
D Dungu ◽  
U Myagmardulam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Recessive Homozygote ◽  
Blood Potassium

In the goats belonging to the different breeds and sub breed the genetic polymorphism at the determinant locus of blood potassium was revealed by flame spectrophotometer method. The kalemic systems, in those breeds were characterized by a polymorphism of middle level due to the existence of the two phenotypes and of three genotypes. The polymorphic character of this system is given by the distributional discontinuity of potassium ions in whole blood, the discontinuous space ranging were 10-34 m eq/L in the Mongolian native breed, 0.38-20.3 m eq/L in the Govigurbansaihan breed, 10.27- 15.8 m eq/ L in the AltainUlaan sub breed. The remarkable differences in the whole blood of potassium concentrations were recognized between Mongol and Govi-Gurban Saikhan breeds td=6.46 or (p<0.001), Govi-Gurban Saikhan and Altai ulaan (td=5.7) or (p<0.001). As this trait, the slight difference was revealed between Mongol and Altai ulaan breeds (td=1.87) or (p>0.05). The correlation of the trait was also high r=0.57 between these breeds. The animals with potassium ion concentration below the discontinuity space are of LK type and those with ionic concentration above the discontinuity space are of HK type. The blood potassium level is determined by two alleles; KL and Kh, being in incomplete dominance relationship; the allele K L, responsible for low potassium, is dominant compared to its recessive Kh allele which causes high levels of blood potassium. These two alleles at the Ks locus, located on an autosomal chromosome, determine three genotypes; KLKL (dominant homozygote), KLKh (heterozygote), and KhKh (recessive homozygote). In the Mongolian native breed the allele Kh was less frequent (20%) than its dominant KL (80%), in the Govi Gurban Saihan breed, the frequency of the alleles were also 5 %, 95% respectively. The phenotype LK (80%-100%) achieved a much higher frequency than the phenotype HK (5%-20%) in those breeds. Consequently, the recessive homozygosis and heterozygosis recorded in an equally frequency (50%, 50%) in the Mongolian native breed, instead, the frequency of recessive homozygosis were slightly higher than heterozygosis (66%>34%) in the Govi Gurban Saihan. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.217 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.54-58

Controlled storage conditions prolong stability of biochemical components in whole blood

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Stahl ◽  
Ivan Brandslund
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurements ◽  
Biochemical Components ◽  
Turn Around Time ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Doctor's Office

AbstractBlood specimens from primary care centres are normally transported to central laboratories by mail. This necessitates centrifugation and separation, especially since the potassium ion concentration in whole blood changes during storage at ambient temperature. Thus, because of the growing awareness of and concern for pre-analytical contributions to the uncertainty of measurements, we investigated 27 components and their stability under controlled temperature conditions from 17 to 23°C. We found that storage of whole blood can be prolonged by up to 8–12h for all components examined, including potassium ions, when stored at 20±0.2°C. We conclude that this opens the possibility for establishing a pick-up service, by which whole blood specimens stored at 20–21°C can be collected at the doctor's office, making centrifugation, separation and mailing superfluous. In addition, the turn-around time from sample drawing to reporting the analytical result would be shortened. After investments in thermostatted boxes and logistics, the system could reduce costs for transporting blood samples from general practice centres to central laboratories.

On-line continuous potentiometric measurement of potassium concentration in whole blood during open-heart surgery.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Osswald ◽  
R Asper ◽  
W Dimai ◽  
W Simon
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Flame Photometer ◽  
Blood Potassium ◽  
On Line ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract We describe a flow-through system with an ion-selective electrode for measurement of blood potassium ion concentration, continuously and on-line off the extracorporeal blood circulation in an operating theater during human open-heart surgery. Comparison measurements were made with the SMA flame photometer (blood plasma) and an Orion SS 30 sodium/potassium analyzer (whole blood). The potassium concentration values obtained with the flow-through system agree well with the ones determined with the flame photometer. The time delay of the measurement with the flow-through system was relatively long (2 min) but delays of only 10--20 s seem feasible. Short time delays can deepen insight and simplify rational treatment under surgery conditions.

The Relationship Between Blood Ions and Blood-Cell Density in Insects

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326
Author(s):  
JOHN BRADY
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Blood Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
The Relationship

1. Pairs of blood samples were taken from individual Periplaneta americana, the first sample being used for a live-blood haemocyte count and the second (collected 10 sec. later) for potassium and sodium determinations. 2. Analysis of these matched data on cell count and whole-blood ion concentration reveals a positive correlation between the haemocyte density and the potassium concentration, the mean regression coefficient being +0·83 mM K+/l. of blood for 10,000 cells/µl. 3. Similar analysis of the sodium data gives a negative correlation, with a mean regression coefficient of -1·69 mM N+/l. for 10,000 cells/µl. 4. Haematocrit estimations on heat-fixed blood, whose haemocyte density was simultaneously determined, indicate a mean haemocyte volume of 720 µ3. 5. If the correlations relate entirely to the contents of the haemocytes, comparison with the haemocyte volume would indicate that the cell sap contains 115 mM/l. of potassium and probably less than about 60 mM/l. of sodium; these levels are very similar to those reported for other tissues of the cockroach. 6. Since cockroach blood contains relatively little potassium these figures suggest that a significant proportion of the whole-blood potassium may be contained within the haemocytes and so not be immediately available physiologically.

Ground water quality of selected areas of Punjab and Sind Provinces, Pakistan: Chemical and microbiological aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

The assessment of groundwater is essential for the estimation of suitability of water for safe use. An attempt has been made to study the groundwater of selected areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura &amp; Sahiwal) and Sindh (Sindh, Jawar Dharki and Dharki), Pakistan. The results indicate that pH, color and odor were all within limits of WHO that is pH ranges 6.5–8.5, colorless and odorless, respectively. The high values of suspended solids were observed in the Sindh-1 and Dharki samples. Microbiologically only Sahiwal and Jawar Dharki were found fit for drinking purpose. Trace metals analysis of Sheikhupura-1 and Sindh-1 showed that values do not fall within limits of WHO for Iron. The ionic concentration analysis showed that high bicarbonate (HCO3-), ions are present in the samples of Sahiwal and Dharki; Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki samples showed very high concentration for chloride ions, all samples were satisfactory level for sulphate (SO42-), sodium, magnesium and phosphate ions except samples of Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki. High concentration of calcium and potassium ions was observed in samples of Sindh-1, while all other samples were found fit for drinking purposes in respect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The high concentration of Fluoride was found only in Sheikhupura-2 samples.

scholarly journals Pseudohyperkalemia in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Rifkin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Potassium

Pseudohyperkalemia occurs occasionally in patients with extreme leukocytosis. Increased white blood cell fragility coupled with mechanical stress is felt to be causal. Serum and plasma potassium levels have been both associated with pseudohyperkalemia. Whole blood potassium determination will usually verify the correct diagnosis. It is important to diagnose this condition early so that patients are not inappropriately treated. Two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and extreme leukocytosis are presented, one with pseudohyperkalemia and one with probable pseudohyperkalemia, and diagnostic considerations are discussed

EFFECTS OF CATIONS ON SUGAR ABSORPTION BY ISOLATED SURVIVING GUINEA PIG INTESTINE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Riklis ◽  
J. H. Quastel
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Sugar Absorption ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
High Concentrations

The rate of absorption of glucose from isolated surviving guinea pig intestine increases with increase of the concentration of glucose in the lumen until a maximum rate is obtained. The relation between absorption rate of glucose and initial glucose concentration conforms to an equation of the Michaelis–Menten type. The apparent Km(half saturation concentration) is 7 × 10−3M. Increase of the concentration of potassium ions in the Ringer–bicarbonate solution bathing the intestine leads to an increase of the rate of glucose absorption, this being most marked with 15.6 meq./liter K+and 14 mM glucose. No such stimulating action of potassium ions is observed on glucose absorption under anaerobic conditions. The effect of increased potassium ion concentration is to accelerate the rate of transport found with low concentrations of glucose to the maximum value found with high concentrations of the sugar. Sodium ions must be present for glucose absorption to take place and omission of magnesium ions from a Ringer–bicarbonate solution, containing 15.6 meq./liter K+, brings about a decreased rate of active glucose transport. Magnesium ions are necessary for the stimulated rate of glucose absorption obtained in the presence of potassium ions. The presence of ammonium ions decreases the rate of glucose absorption. Potassium ions may be effectively replaced by rubidium ions for stimulation of glucose transport. Cesium ions do not activate. The proportion of glucose to fructose appearing in the serosal solution, when fructose is absorbed from the mucosal solution, depends on the concentration of fructose present. The proportion may be as high as 9:1 with low (7 mM) fructose concentrations; it decreases with increasing fructose concentrations. The active transport of fructose, as demonstrated by the conversion of fructose in the isolated surviving guinea pig intestine, is enhanced by the presence of potassium ions (15.6 meq./liter). The rate of transport of fructose itself is unaffected by potassium. Using radioactive glucose and fructose, it is shown that the total amount of sugar transferred through the intestine as estimated by the radioactivity appearing in the serosal solution is approximately that calculated from chemical analyses. Potassium ions have no activating action on the transport of sugars such as sorbose, mannose, and D-glucosamine, but have a marked effect on galactose transport. The results support the conclusion that potassium ions do not influence active transport of glucose, fructose, and galactose by a change of intestinal permeability to these sugars, but do so by affecting a specific phase involved in the mechanism of active transport of sugars. The presence of L-glutamine stimulates active transport of glucose, whereas that of L-glutamate tends to diminish it.

scholarly journals Flexibility of an Active Center in Sodium-Plus-Potassium Adenosine Triphosphatase

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Post ◽  
S. Kume ◽  
T. Tobin ◽  
B. Orcutt ◽  
A. K. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Active Center ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

In plasma membranes of intact cells an enzymatic pump actively transports sodium ions inward and potassium ions outward. In preparations of broken membranes it appears as an adenosine triphosphatase dependent on magnesium, sodium, and potassium ions together. In this adenosine triphosphatase a phosphorylated intermediate is formed from adenosine triphosphate in the presence of sodium ions and is hydrolyzed with the addition of potassium ions. The normal intermediate was not split by adenosine diphosphate. However, selective poisoning by N-ethylmaleimide or partial inhibition by a low magnesium ion concentration yielded an intermediate split by adenosine diphosphate and insensitive to potassium ions. Pulse experiments on the native enzyme supported further a hypothesis of a sequence of phosphorylated forms, the first being made reversibly from adenosine triphosphate in the presence of sodium ion and the second being made irreversiblyfrom the first and hydrolyzed in the presence of potassium ion. The cardioactive steriod inhibitor, ouabain, appeared to combine preferentially with the second form. Phosphorylation was at the same active site according to electrophoretic patterns of proteolytic phosphorylated fragments of both reactive forms. It is concluded that there is a conformational change in the active center for phosphorylation during the normal reaction sequence. This change may be linked to one required theoretically for active translocation of ions across the cell membrane.

scholarly journals Tracer and Nontracer Potassium Fluxes in Squid Giant Axons and the Effects of Changes in External Potassium Concentration and Membrane Potential

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sjodin ◽  
L. J. Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Potassium Efflux ◽  
Potassium Loss ◽  
Independence Principle

The efflux of labeled and unlabeled potassium ions from the squid giant axon has been measured under a variety of experimental conditions. Axons soaked in sea water containing 42K ions lost radioactivity when placed in inactive sea water according to kinetics which indicate the presence of at least two cellular compartments. A rapidly equilibrating superficial compartment, probably the Schwann cell, was observed to elevate the specific activity of 42K lost from such axons to K-free sea water for a period of hours. The extra radioactive potassium loss from such axons during stimulation, however, was shown to have a specific activity identical within error to that measured in the axoplasm at the end of the experiment. The same was shown for the extra potassium loss occurring during passage of a steady depolarizing current. Axons placed in sea water with an elevated potassium ion concentration (50 mM) showed an increased potassium efflux that was in general agreement with the accompanying increase in membrane conductance. The efflux of potassium ions observed in 50 mM K sea water at different membrane potentials did not support the theory that the potassium fluxes obey the independence principle.

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