scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF THE SIBERIAN TYPE TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS AND SEROLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE IN MONGOLIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Erdenechimeg ◽  
B Boldbaatar ◽  
Yo Enhmandakh ◽  
Yo Myagmarsukh ◽  
N Oyunnomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The goal of this study was to conduct serosurveillance for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)in Mongolia, to isolate TBEV by in vivo methods and determine subtypes of TBEV. Blood samples were collected from 750 domestic animals in Khuvsgul, Selenge, Bulgan and Tuv aimags in 2012. After sample collection, a total of 184 sera were (horse 43, cattle 41, sheep 44, goat 56respectivel) randomly chosen and tested for antibodies against TBEV by c-ELISA and virus neutralization (VN) test. The c-ELISA results showed that 17 serum samples were positive and 25 -suspicious. In order to confirm c-ELISA result all these 42 serum samples were checked with VN test. The result of VN test showed 19/42 positive serum samples. In order to detect of TBEV in Mongolia, Ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected from Eruu sum, Selenge aimag and categorized into pools. Each pool was mixed with sterile PBS and homogenized with asterile mortar and pestle. The homogenate was centrifuged and the collected supernatant was inoculated into baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cell line. Cytopathic effects (CPE) in the cell line was observed by light microscopy daily. RNA was extracted from supernatant of cells with CPE and confirmed by RT-PCR using specific primer for the Siberian subtype. The present results were indicated that TBEV in Mongolia was belonged to the Siberian subtype.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 19-26

scholarly journals Proteome dataset of mouse macrophage cell line infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus

Data in Brief ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 105029
Author(s):  
A.L. Rusanov ◽  
A.A. Stepanov ◽  
V.G. Zgoda ◽  
A.L. Kaysheva ◽  
M. Selinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Mouse Macrophage ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Mouse Macrophage Cell Line

Biotyping of IRE/CTVM19 tick cell line infected by tick-borne encephalitis virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 101420
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Loginov ◽  
Katharina Böttinger ◽  
Yana F. Loginova ◽  
Filip Dycka ◽  
Pavlina Vechtova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Cell ◽  
Tick Cell Line ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

scholarly journals Adaptation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus to BHK-21 Cells Results in the Formation of Multiple Heparan Sulfate Binding Sites in the Envelope Protein and Attenuation In Vivo

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 5627-5637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian W. Mandl ◽  
Helga Kroschewski ◽  
Steven L. Allison ◽  
Regina Kofler ◽  
Heidemarie Holzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Significant Attenuation ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

ABSTRACT Propagation of the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus in BHK-21 cells selected for mutations within the large surface glycoprotein E that increased the net positive charge of the protein. In the course of 16 independent experiments, 12 different protein E mutation patterns were identified. These were located in all three of the structural domains and distributed over almost the entire upper and lateral surface of protein E. The mutations resulted in the formation of local patches of predominantly positive surface charge. Recombinant viruses carrying some of these mutations in a defined genetic backbone showed heparan sulfate (HS)-dependent phenotypes, resulting in an increased specific infectivity and binding affinity for BHK-21 cells, small plaque formation in porcine kidney cells, and significant attenuation of neuroinvasiveness in adult mice. Our results corroborate the notion that the selection of attenuated HS binding mutants is a common and frequent phenomenon during the propagation of viruses in cell culture and suggest a major role for HS dependence in flavivirus attenuation. Recognition of this principle may be of practical value for designing attenuated flavivirus strains in the future.

scholarly journals Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Vaccine-Induced Human Antibodies Mediate Negligible Enhancement of Zika Virus Infection In Vitro and in a Mouse Model

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Duehr ◽  
Silviana Lee ◽  
Gursewak Singh ◽  
Gregory A. Foster ◽  
David Krysztof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

ABSTRACT Recent reports in the scientific literature have suggested that anti-dengue virus (DENV) and anti-West Nile virus (WNV) immunity exacerbates Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. Large populations of immune individuals exist for a related flavivirus (tick-borne encephalitis virus [TBEV]), due to large-scale vaccination campaigns and endemic circulation throughout most of northern Europe and the southern Russian Federation. As a result, the question of whether anti-TBEV immunity can affect Zika virus pathogenesis is a pertinent one. For this study, we obtained 50 serum samples from individuals vaccinated with the TBEV vaccine FSME-IMMUN (Central European/Neudörfl strain) and evaluated their enhancement capacity in vitro using K562 human myeloid cells expressing CD32 and in vivo using a mouse model of ZIKV pathogenesis. Among the 50 TBEV vaccinee samples evaluated, 29 had detectable reactivity against ZIKV envelope (E) protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 36 showed enhancement of ZIKV infection in vitro. A pool of the most highly reacting and enhanced samples resulted in no significant change in the morbidity/mortality of ZIKV disease in immunocompromised Stat2−/− mice. Our results suggest that humoral immunity against TBEV is unlikely to enhance Zika virus pathogenesis in humans. No clinical reports indicating that TBEV vaccinees experiencing enhanced ZIKV disease have been published so far, and though the epidemiological data are sparse, our findings suggest that there is little reason for concern. This study also displays a clear relationship between the phylogenetic distance between two flaviviruses and their capacity for pathogenic enhancement. IMPORTANCE The relationship between serial infections of two different serotypes of dengue virus and more severe disease courses is well-documented in the literature, driven by so-called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Recently, studies have shown the possibility of ADE in cells exposed to anti-DENV human plasma and then infected with ZIKV and also in mouse models of ZIKV pathogenesis after passive transfer of anti-DENV human plasma. In this study, we evaluated the extent to which this phenomenon occurs using sera from individuals immunized against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). This is highly relevant, since large proportions of the European population are vaccinated against TBEV or otherwise seropositive.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of genomes of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains isolated from mosquitoes and ticks

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Pukhovskaya ◽  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
N. B. Belozerova ◽  
S. V. Bakhmetyeva ◽  
N. P. Vysochina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Far East ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbev Strain ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Far Eastern

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strain Lazo MP36 was isolated from the pool of mosquitoes Aedes vexans collected in Lazo region of Khabarovsk territory in August 2014. Phylogenetic analysis of the strain Lazo MP36 complete genome (GenBank accession number KT001073) revealed its correspondence to the TBEV Far Eastern subtype and differences from the following strains: 1) from ticks Ixodes persulcatus P. Schulze, 1930 [vaccine strain 205 (JX498939) and strains Khekhtzir 1230 (KF880805), Chichagovka (KP844724), Birobidzhan 1354 (KF880805) isolated in 2012-2013]; 2) from mosquitoes [strain Malyshevo (KJ744034) isolated in 1978 from Aedes vexans nipponii in Khabarovsk territory; strain Sakhalin 6-11 isolated from the pool of mosquitoes in 2011 (KF826916)]; 3) from human brain [vaccine strain Sofjin (JN229223), Glubinnoe/2004(DQ862460). Kavalerovo (DQ862460), Svetlogorie (DQ862460)]. The fusion peptide necessary for flavivirus entry to cells of the three TBEV strains isolated from mosquitoes (Lazo MP36, Malyshevo and Sakhalin 6-11) has the canonical structure 98-DRGWGNHCGLFGKGSI-113 for the tick-borne flaviviruses. Amino acid transition H104G typical for the mosquito-borne flaviviruses was not found. Structures of 5’- and 3’-untranslated (UTR) regions of the TBEV strains from mosquitoes were 85-98% homologous to the TBEV strains of all subtypes without recombination with mosquito-borne flaviviruses found in the Far East of Russia. Secondary structures of 5’- and 3'-UTR as well as cyclization sequences (CS) of types a and B are highly homologous for all TBEV isolates independently of the biological hosts and vectors. similarity of the genomes of the TBEV isolates from mosquitoes, ticks and patients as well as pathogenicity of the isolates for new-borne laboratory mice and tissue cultures might suggest a possible role of mosquitoes in the TBEV circulation in natural foci as an accidental or additional virus carrier.

High prevalence of West Nile virus in equines from the two provinces of Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1931-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
M. SAQIB ◽  
C. BECK ◽  
M. H. HUSSAIN ◽  
S. LOWENSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

SUMMARYThis study describes the first large-scale serosurvey on West Nile virus (WNV) conducted in the equine population in Pakistan. Sera were collected from 449 equids from two provinces of Pakistan during 2012–2013. Equine serum samples were screened using a commercial ELISA kit detecting antibodies against WNV and related flaviviruses. ELISA-positive samples were further investigated using virus-specific microneutralization tests (MNTs) to identify infections with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), WNV and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 292 samples by ELISA (seroprevalence 65·0%) and WNV infections were confirmed in 249 animals by MNT. However, there was no animal found infected by JEV or TBEV. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in Pakistan strongly suggests a widespread circulation of WNV in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The envelope protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus influences neuron entry, pathogenicity, and vaccine protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lindqvist ◽  
Ebba Rosendal ◽  
Elvira Weber ◽  
Naveed Asghar ◽  
Sarah Schreier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Chimeric Virus ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Tbev Strain ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Abstract Background Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is considered to be the medically most important arthropod-borne virus in Europe. The symptoms of an infection range from subclinical to mild flu-like disease to lethal encephalitis. The exact determinants of disease severity are not known; however, the virulence of the strain as well as the immune status of the host are thought to be important factors for the outcome of the infection. Here we investigated virulence determinants in TBEV infection. Method Mice were infected with different TBEV strains, and high virulent and low virulent TBEV strains were chosen. Sequence alignment identified differences that were cloned to generate chimera virus. The infection rate of the parental and chimeric virus were evaluated in primary mouse neurons, astrocytes, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and in vivo. Neutralizing capacity of serum from individuals vaccinated with the FSME-IMMUN® and Encepur® or combined were evaluated. Results We identified a highly pathogenic and neurovirulent TBEV strain, 93/783. Using sequence analysis, we identified the envelope (E) protein of 93/783 as a potential virulence determinant and cloned it into the less pathogenic TBEV strain Torö. We found that the chimeric virus specifically infected primary neurons more efficiently compared to wild-type (WT) Torö and this correlated with enhanced pathogenicity and higher levels of viral RNA in vivo. The E protein is also the major target of neutralizing antibodies; thus, genetic variation in the E protein could influence the efficiency of the two available vaccines, FSME-IMMUN® and Encepur®. As TBEV vaccine breakthroughs have occurred in Europe, we chose to compare neutralizing capacity from individuals vaccinated with the two different vaccines or a combination of them. Our data suggest that the different vaccines do not perform equally well against the two Swedish strains. Conclusions Our findings show that two amino acid substitutions of the E protein found in 93/783, A83T, and A463S enhanced Torö infection of neurons as well as pathogenesis and viral replication in vivo; furthermore, we found that genetic divergence from the vaccine strain resulted in lower neutralizing antibody titers in vaccinated individuals.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Are Endemic in Equids in Eastern Austria

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1873
Author(s):  
Phebe de Heus ◽  
Jolanta Kolodziejek ◽  
Zdenĕk Hubálek ◽  
Katharina Dimmel ◽  
Victoria Racher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Eastern Austria ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in addition to the autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe causes rising concern for public and animal health. The first equine case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria was diagnosed in 2016. As a consequence, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in 2017, including 348 equids from eastern Austria. Serum samples reactive by ELISA for either flavivirus immunoglobulin G or M were further analyzed with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT-80) to identify the specific etiologic agent. Neutralizing antibody prevalences excluding vaccinated equids were found to be 5.3% for WNV, 15.5% for TBEV, 0% for USUV, and 1.2% for WNV from autochthonous origin. Additionally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect WNV nucleic acid in horse sera and was found to be negative in all cases. Risk factor analysis did not identify any factors significantly associated with seropositivity.

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of specific antibodies on infectious activity of tick-borne encephalitis virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 559-567
Author(s):  
G. N. Leonova ◽  
O. S. Majstrovskaya ◽  
V. A. Lubova ◽  
N. B. Sanina
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Vaccines for prophylactic immunization provide the most reliable and effective protection against the vast majority of infectious diseases. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) represents a high-priority medical issue at the territory of the Eurasian continent. Of great importance is assessing a role of distinct antibody titers especially low titers, observed quite often in vaccinated individuals, sometimes posing obstacles in determining a threshold of seropositivity as well as the level of specific protection against TBE virus. We aimed at obtaining data to assess antiviral activity of virus-specific antibodies with distinct titer levels based on the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental studies with a highly virulent Far-Eastern strain of tick-borne encephalitis virus. The in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo comprehensive experimental studies with a highly virulent Far-Eastern strain of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) were conducted and the dynamics of antiviral activity of virus-specific antibodies at variable titers (1:100–1:3200) was measured (timeframe ranged within 1–96 hours p.i.) to provide a rationale for evaluating the antiviral immune response. It was found that the in vitro experiments demonstrated that the IgG at 1:100 titer exerted a weak anti-TBEV neutralizing effect at all time-points examined. The IgG 1:400 titer caused a 2 log PFU/mL decline in TBEV Dal strain yield at 72 h post-infection, whereas at 1:3200 titer it completely suppressed TBEV replication throughout the observation period. The ex vivo experiments with blood serum obtained from vaccinated subjects demonstrating a range of TBEV antibody titers (sera from vaccinated individuals with varying anti-TBEV antibody titers) and in vivo (outinbred white mice) experiments revealed a delayed virus elimination for antibody titers at 1:100 and 1:200 as well as rapid virus elimination (1–2 days p.i.) for antibody titers greater than 1:400. Thus, antibody titer at 1:400 may be considered as the universal anti-TBEV protection threshold. In order to properly conclude regarding the revaccination schedule it is advised to start with testing blood serum for durability of anti-TBEV immune response. Subjects with TBEV antibody titers at 1:100 and 1:200 should be strongly recommended to undergo a mandatory revaccination. Such an approach is believed to be the most effective way toward enhancing efficacy of vaccine-mediated protection against TBE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document