scholarly journals SEMIAUTOMATIC DETECTION OF TUMORAL ZONE

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezzeddine Zagrouba ◽  
Walid Barhoumi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Robust Method ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Algorithm

This paper describes a robust method based on the cooperation of fuzzy classification and regions segmentation algorithms, in order to detect the tumoral zone in the brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). On one hand, the classification in fuzzy sets is done by the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (FCM), where a study of its different parameters and its complexity has been previously realised, which led us to improve it. On the other hand, the segmentation in regions is obtained by an hierarchical method through adaptive thresholding. Then, an operator expert selects a germ in the tumoral zone, and the class containing the sick zone is localised in return for the FCM algorithm. Finally, the superposition of the two partitions of the image will determine the sick zone. The originality of our approach is the parallel exploitation of different types of information in the image by the cooperation of two complementary approaches. This allows us to carry out a pertinent approach for the detection of sick zone in MRI images.

scholarly journals 3D U-Net for Skull Stripping in Brain MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunho Hwang ◽  
Hafiz Zia Ur Rehman ◽  
Sungon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Extraction ◽  
Skull Stripping ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
The Brain

Skull stripping in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential step to analyze images of the brain. Although manual segmentation has the highest accuracy, it is a time-consuming task. Therefore, various automatic segmentation algorithms of the brain in MRI have been devised and proposed previously. However, there is still no method that solves the entire brain extraction problem satisfactorily for diverse datasets in a generic and robust way. To address these shortcomings of existing methods, we propose the use of a 3D-UNet for skull stripping in brain MRI. The 3D-UNet was recently proposed and has been widely used for volumetric segmentation in medical images due to its outstanding performance. It is an extended version of the previously proposed 2D-UNet, which is based on a deep learning network, specifically, the convolutional neural network. We evaluated 3D-UNet skull-stripping using a publicly available brain MRI dataset and compared the results with three existing methods (BSE, ROBEX, and Kleesiek’s method; BSE and ROBEX are two conventional methods, and Kleesiek’s method is based on deep learning). The 3D-UNet outperforms two typical methods and shows comparable results with the specific deep learning-based algorithm, exhibiting a mean Dice coefficient of 0.9903, a sensitivity of 0.9853, and a specificity of 0.9953.

Psychosis as presenting symptom in adult-onset Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Panas ◽  
Konstantinos Spengos ◽  
Georgios Koutsis ◽  
Georgios Tsivgoulis ◽  
Konstantinos Sfagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Extrapyramidal Signs ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Background:Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is characterized by pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, and dysarthria and dementia. Psychiatric symptomatology can emerge in the course of the disorder. Mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene have been found in many cases. We report a case with psychosis as sole presenting symptom.Case:A 41-year-old man presented with change in behavior and paranoid delusional ideation. Six months later, spasticity, extrapyramidal rigidity and dysarthria were added to the picture. Eventually, the patient became mute and wheel-chair bound. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with iron depositions in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra.Conclusions:In this case, the combination of clinical and MRI findings was consistent with Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. The combination of psychiatric and MRI findings should lead to further neurological investigation.

Hypotension and Brain Injury in Asphyxiated Newborns Treated with Hypothermia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Al Balushi ◽  
Stephanie Barbosa Vargas ◽  
Julie Maluorni ◽  
Priscille-Nice Sanon ◽  
Emmanouil Rampakakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Objective This study aimed to assess the incidence of hypotension in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia, the variability in treatments for hypotension, and the impact of hypotension on the pattern of brain injury. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia. Mean blood pressures, lactate levels, and inotropic support medications were recorded during the hospitalization. Presence and severity of brain injury were scored using the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained after the hypothermia treatment was completed. Results One hundred and ninety term asphyxiated newborns were treated with hypothermia. Eighty-one percent developed hypotension. Fifty-five percent of the newborns in the hypotensive group developed brain injury compared with 35% of the newborns in the normotensive group (p = 0.04). Twenty-nine percent of the newborns in the hypotensive group developed severe brain injury, compared with only 15% in the normotensive group. Nineteen percent of the newborns presenting with volume- and/or catecholamine-resistant hypotension had near-total injury, compared with 6% in the normotensive group and 8% in the group responding to volume and/or catecholamines. Conclusion Hypotension was common in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia and was associated with an increased risk of (severe) brain injury in these newborns.

scholarly journals Transient Periictal Brain Imaging Abnormality in a Saudi Patient with Probable Celiac Disease Epilepsy and Occipital Calcification Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Soha Khan ◽  
Asma AlNajjar ◽  
Abdullah Alquaydheb ◽  
Shahpar Nahrir
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pump Failure ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Celiac disease epilepsy and occipital calcification (CEC) syndrome is a rare, emerging disease first described in 1992. To date, fewer than 200 cases have been reported worldwide. CEC syndrome is generally thought to be a genetic, noninherited, and ethnically and geographically restricted disease in Mediterranean countries. However, we report the first ever case of probable CEC in a Saudi patient. Furthermore, the patient manifested a magnitude of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal abnormalities during the periictal period which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been described in CEC. The brain MRI revealed diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) restriction with a concordant area of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) hypointensity around bilateral occipital area of calcification. An imbalance between the heightened energy demand during ictal phase of the seizure and unadjusted blood supply may have caused an electric pump failure and cytotoxic edema, which then led to DWI/ADC signal alteration.

Brain MRI in Inherited Metabolic Diseases of Adulthood

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Burlina ◽  
Renzo Manara
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Inherited Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool to investigate inherited metabolic diseases in adulthood. In the present chapter the major neuroradiological findings that brain MRI can provide to adult metabolic clinicians will be presented, classified according to white and gray matter involvement.The role of brain MRI in the diagnostic process and clinical monitoring of specific inherited metabolic affecting the brain will be examined.

An Uncommon Manifestation of a Common Tropical Disease: Disseminated Cysticercosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gangadhar ◽  
D. Santhosh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Whole Body Mri ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Disseminated cysticercosis is a rare form of cysticercosis in which the cysticerci spread throughout the body. We describe the case of a seven-year-old child with disseminated cysticercosis. He presented with a one month history of swelling of the whole body, unable to walk for one month and swelling of both eyes for 20 days. After extensive investigation from superficial musculoskeletal ultrasound B-scan of eye, brain computed tomography, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whole body MRI and pathologic biopsy, the child was diagnosed as having cysticercosis involving the brain, retina and skeletal muscles throughout the whole body.

scholarly journals Identifying a Common Functional Framework for Apathy Large-Scale Brain Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfano ◽  
Mariachiara Longarzo ◽  
Giulia Mele ◽  
Marcello Esposito ◽  
Marco Aiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Disease Specific

Apathy is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by reduced motivation, initiative, and interest in daily life activities, and it is commonly reported in several neurodegenerative disorders. The study aims to investigate large-scale brain networks involved in apathy syndrome in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to a group of healthy controls (HC). The study sample includes a total of 60 subjects: 20 apathetic FTD and PD patients, 20 non apathetic FTD and PD patients, and 20 HC matched for age. Two disease-specific apathy-evaluation scales were used to measure the presence of apathy in FTD and PD patients; in the same day, a 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with structural and resting-state functional (fMRI) sequences was acquired. Differences in functional connectivity (FC) were assessed between apathetic and non-apathetic patients with and without primary clinical diagnosis revealed, using a whole-brain, seed-to-seed approach. A significant hypoconnectivity between apathetic patients (both FTD and PD) and HC was detected between left planum polare and both right pre- or post-central gyrus. Finally, to investigate whether such neural alterations were due to the underlying neurodegenerative pathology, we replicated the analysis by considering two independent patients’ samples (i.e., non-apathetic PD and FTD). In these groups, functional differences were no longer detected. These alterations may subtend the involvement of neural pathways implicated in a specific reduction of information/elaboration processing and motor outcome in apathetic patients.

scholarly journals Cinematic rendering of a burst sagittal suture caused by an occipito-frontal gunshot wound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Gascho ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
Rosa M. Martinez ◽  
Stephan A. Bolliger
Keyword(s):  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sagittal Suture ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cinematic Rendering ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe computed tomography (CT) scan of a 19-year-old man who died from an occipito-frontal gunshot wound presented an impressive radiating fracture line where the entire sagittal suture burst due to the high intracranial pressure that arose from a near-contact shot from a 9 mm bullet fired from a Glock 17 pistol. Photorealistic depictions of the radiating fracture lines along the cranial bones were created using three-dimensional reconstruction methods, such as the novel cinematic rendering technique that simulates the propagation and interaction of light when it passes through volumetric data. Since the brain had collapsed, depiction of soft tissue was insufficient on CT images. An additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed, which enabled the diagnostic assessment of cerebral injuries.

MRI features of different types of sinonasan rhabdomyosarcomas: a series of eleven cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210030
Author(s):  
Junjie Zeng ◽  
Lan Liu ◽  
Jiayong Li ◽  
Qiling Huang ◽  
Leiming Pi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bone Invasion ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Haematogenous Metastasis ◽  
Ethmoid Sinuses ◽  
Pathological Subtypes

Objective: To retrospectively analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of various pathological subtypes of sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and explore correlations between imaging features and pathological subtypes. Methods: In total, 11 cases with embryonal, alveolar or pleomorphic sinonasal RMSs, confirmed by surgical pathology, were selected. Their characteristics and distinctive imaging features were analysed, and the correlation between pathology and imaging features was explored. Results: Bone destruction was observed in all 11 cases with RMS. Expansive growth was predominant in three alveolar and three embryonal RMS cases, and creeping growth was predominant in two alveolar, two embryonal and one pleomorphic RMS cases. Signs of residual mucosa were observed in all 11 cases, and 10 cases showed involvement of multiple sinus cavities and orbital cavities. All cases exhibited mild-to-intermediate enhancement. Conclusion: Sinonasal RMSs have the following characteristic MRI features: ethmoid sinuses and middle nasal conchae are the prevalent sites; lesions are mainly of mild enhancement; tumours exhibit signs of residual mucosa, mild-to-intermediate enhancement and frequent orbital involvement; bone invasion and bone destruction are frequently observed; and haematogenous metastasis is not as common as lymphatic metastasis. RMSs of various pathological subtypes were not significantly distinct by imaging.

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