scholarly journals NUCLEAR MORPHOMETRY IN AFRICAN BREAST CANCER

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Offiong Francis Ikpatt ◽  
Teijo Kuopio ◽  
Yrjö Collan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Nuclear Area ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Nuclear Morphometry ◽  
Cox's Regression

Three hundred cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1983 and 1999 in Calabar, Nigeria were analysed to determine the nuclear morphometric variables, and evaluate the prognostic potential of nuclear morphometry in Nigerian breast cancers. The necessary follow-up was available for 129 patients. The nuclear area was the most valuable variable. In the Nigerian material, the mean nuclear area (MNA) (SD) was 89.2 (34.0) μm2. MNA was significantly higher in tumours of the postmenopausal than premenopausal (p = 0.0405), in LN+ than LN- (p = 0.0202) patients, and in tumours over 3 cm than smaller ones (p < 0.0001). There were also significant differences between different clinical stages, histological grades, and histological types of tumours. Significant correlations were observed between MNA and histological grade (r = 0.64), standard mitotic index (r = 0.45) and tumour size (r = 0.20). MNA as a continuous variable was a statistically significant prognosticator in the whole material (p = 0.0281), and among the postmenopausal patients (p = 0.0238). Univariate cox's regression demonstrated one significant grading cutpoint at MNA = 111 μm2, which divided the material into two groups of different survival. The development of a morphometric grading system optimal for the Nigerian material could use the latter cut-point between nuclear scores 2 and 3 in the grading system. The earlier proven cut-point of 47 μm2 could be used between nuclear scores 1 and 2.

scholarly journals Cancer Grade Model: a multi-gene machine learning-based risk classification for improving prognosis in breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Amiri Souri ◽  
A. Chenoweth ◽  
A. Cheung ◽  
S. N. Karagiannis ◽  
S. Tsoka
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background Prognostic stratification of breast cancers remains a challenge to improve clinical decision making. We employ machine learning on breast cancer transcriptomics from multiple studies to link the expression of specific genes to histological grade and classify tumours into a more or less aggressive prognostic type. Materials and methods Microarray data of 5031 untreated breast tumours spanning 33 published datasets and corresponding clinical data were integrated. A machine learning model based on gradient boosted trees was trained on histological grade-1 and grade-3 samples. The resulting predictive model (Cancer Grade Model, CGM) was applied on samples of grade-2 and unknown-grade (3029) for prognostic risk classification. Results A 70-gene signature for assessing clinical risk was identified and was shown to be 90% accurate when tested on known histological-grade samples. The predictive framework was validated through survival analysis and showed robust prognostic performance. CGM was cross-referenced with existing genomic tests and demonstrated the competitive predictive power of tumour risk. Conclusions CGM is able to classify tumours into better-defined prognostic categories without employing information on tumour size, stage, or subgroups. The model offers means to improve prognosis and support the clinical decision and precision treatments, thereby potentially contributing to preventing underdiagnosis of high-risk tumours and minimising over-treatment of low-risk disease.

scholarly journals Nuclear DNA Content of Fine Needle Aspirates of Invasive Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Sarker ◽  
Allan Spigelman ◽  
Marjorie Walker ◽  
Dulcie Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Fine Needle Aspirates

Patients with aggressive breast cancers benefit from chemotherapy prior to surgery. If the biology of the breast cancers were better characterised pre‐operatively, more patients at risk could be offered chemotherapy. We have assessed nuclear DNA content of fine needle aspirates (FNA) of 103 invasive ductal breast cancers and compared this to tumour size, node status and histological grade. Median follow‐up was 18 months so no prognostic studies were made. Diploid and non‐diploid tumours were distributed equally in node negative and positive patients. However non‐diploidy status increased in line with known prognostic markers of tumour size and histological grade. This suggests that ploidy might contribute to the pre‐operative assessment of prognosis. We conclude that nuclear DNA of breast cancer FNAs may be of value in the pre‐operative biological assessment of breast cancer patients.

scholarly journals Expression of CD4, CD8 Biomarkers in Invasive Carcinoma of Breast with Clinicopathological Correlation

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
C. Divyapriya ◽  
Aarthi Kannan ◽  
Vijayashree Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes

Introduction: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are widely considered a key sign of the immune interaction between host and tumor, and potentially prognostic biomarkers of good or bad outcome in various cancers, including invasive breast cancer (IBC). Aim and Objectives: To correlate the expression of CD4, CD8 T-lymphocytes in invasive carcinoma breast with established markers of prognosis like tumour size, grade, lymph node status and molecular subtypes mainly ER, PR, Her 2Neu, Ki67 status, mainly the triple negative breast cancers(TNBC). Methodology: 58 Invasive breast carcinoma proven tissue blocks were subjected to immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis for positive CD4, CD8 T-lymphocytes were done. Results:  Triple negative breast cancer subtype shows high TILs than other pathologic subtypes. Tumor interface CD8+ cells very well correlated with the pathological higher nodal stage. Majority CD4, CD8 positive cells were populated more towards the stromal and interface of the tumor microenvironment rather thatintratumoral. Conclusion: CD4+ and CD8+ counts may be a valuable independent prognostic tool in predicting the outcome in invasive breast cancer.

Analysis of Low Estrogen Receptor (ER+) Breast Carcinomas in a Large Community Breast Cancer Center in Northern California

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S26-S27
Author(s):  
G Bulusu ◽  
K Duncan ◽  
A Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Er Positive

Abstract Introduction/Objective Estrogen Receptor (ER) expression in breast cancers is a crucial factor for endocrine therapy in patients with tumors expressing ER in ≥1% of tumor cells. The 2019 guidelines published by ASCO/CAP states that breast cancers that have a 1% to 10% of cells staining Estrogen Receptor (ER) positive should be reported as ER Low Positive cases. This study aims to address this subset of low-positive ER tumors and compare the clinical features to other known breast cancer subtypes. Methods/Case Report We conducted a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained breast cancer registry from 2013 to 2021 at Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, a Sutter Health Affiliate. The study reviewed patient charts with respect to the pathology report, operative report, chemotherapy regimen, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted using R Project for Statistical Coding, with The Student’s T-test used to compare continuous variables. Two-sided P values less than 0.05 indicate statistical significance. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Our study identified 1316 cases of invasive breast carcinomas, of which 29 (2.16%) demonstrated ER Low-Positive expression. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological features, such as histological grade, ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67%, and patient age for these tumors. We found that ER Low-Positive tumors demonstrated higher mean histological grade morphology (2.5 out of 3, p&lt;0.001) that was similar to that of Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) (3 of 3, p&lt;0.001) than to High ER-Positive (1.6 of 3, p&lt;0.001) cancers. Further observations, through examining proliferation rates by utilizing the Ki-67 index, indicate comparative trends between the ER Low-Positive cohort and the TNBC cohort. Conclusion The results suggest that the ER Low-Positive carcinomas, despite reported as ER-positive cases, present with similar clinicopathological features to those of ER-negative tumors. Through this study and future research, we would like to emphasize a stricter set of guidelines that can be adopted to reduce variability for reporting biomarkers. This standardization will allow oncologists to provide more appropriate treatment options and improve the quality of patient care.

The prognostic significance of early stage lymph node positivity in operable invasive breast carcinoma: number or stage

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad A Rakha ◽  
David Morgan ◽  
Douglas Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival

AimThe earlier detection of breast cancer through mammographic screening has resulted in a shift in stage distribution with patients who are node-positive tending to present with a lower number of positive lymph nodes (LN). This study aims to assess the prognostic value of absolute number of positive nodes in the pN1 TNM stage (1–3 positive LN) and whether the prognostic value of the number of nodes in this clinically important stage justifies its consideration in management decisions.MethodsThis study is based on a large and well-characterised consecutive series of operable breast cancer (3491 cases), treated according to standard protocols in a single institution, with a long-term follow-up.ResultsLN stages and the absolute number of LN are associated with both breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). In the pN1 stage, patients with three positive LN (14% of pN1) show shorter BCSS (HR=1.9, (95% CI 1.3 to 2.6)) and shorter DMFS (HR=2.2, (95% CI 1.6 to 2.9)) when compared with one and/or two positive nodes. This effect is noted in the whole series as well as in different subgroups based on tumour size (pT1c and pT2), histological grade (grade 2 and 3), vascular invasion and oestrogen receptor status (both positive and negative). Multivariable analyses showed that three positive LN, compared with one and two positive LN, are an independent predictor of shorter BCSS and DMFS.ConclusionThe number of LN in the pN1 stage yielded potentially informative risk assignments with three positive LN providing an independent predictor of poorer outcome.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtypes and Its Association with Clinico-Pathological Feature

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Intrinsic Subtypes ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Significant Difference

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women worldwide and represents a highly heterogeneous group of tumours particularly in terms of molecular features, prognosis and response to therapy. Breast cancer molecular classification can predict the prognosis of breast cancer in terms of recurrence and help and guide us regarding the treatment decision about systemic therapy. Breast carcinomas may be stratified into subtypes similar to those defined by Gene expression profiling using a panel of immune-histochemical (IHC) markers. Routine IHC evaluations of breast cancers may, therefore, provide a reasonable alternative to costly genetic assays especially in under-resourced healthcare systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of molecular subtypes and correlate it to clinic-pathological features. Methods: From 2005 to 2017 total of 4847 Breast cancer patients, in whom complete information was available to classify them into luminal subtypes were retrieved and classified into intrinsic subtypes and patients information in each type was collected about age, tumour size, stage, grade and nodal status. Results: In luminal classification, a highly significant difference was found in mean age (p<0.001) tumour size (p<0.001), grade, metastasis and Ki67. The statistical significance of Her 2 positive and triple negative was found with stage, grade, metastasis and Ki67. Conclusions: IHC assignment into Luminal subtypes is clinically informative in our patients and routinely using this in our practice could identify patients that may need a more aggressive treatment to reduce the likelihood of recurrences.

scholarly journals Clinical-Epidemiological profile of patients with triple-negative breast cancer at instituto Mario Penna, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

Mastology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza de Freitas Magalhães Gomes ◽  
Marina Paixão de Madrid Whyte ◽  
Wagner Antonio Paz ◽  
Kerstin Kapp Rangel ◽  
Paulo Guilherme de Oliveira Salles
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express estrogen and progesterone receptors, and does not overexpress the human epidermal growth factor 2. It represents 15%‒20% of breast cancers and have worse prognosis, with scarce available therapies and overall survival (OS) of 18 months. For these particularities, research on TNBC is important for its greater understanding. Objectives: To describe the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with TNBC at Instituto Mário Penna (IMP). To compare findings with data from the literature. Methods: Consultation of breast immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed at IMP between July/2012 and June/2017. TNBC were selected. Data were collected from patients in electronic medical records. Maximum follow-up until December/2018. Database and statistical analysis using the SPSS program. Bibliographic review used the key phrase: “triple-negative breast cancer”. Results: 1,343 breast IHC performed at IMP in the studied period, 168 were TNBC (12.5%). Mean age of 53.4 years. Mean follow-up of 41.7 months. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) performed in 46.4%, with 12.8% of complete pathological response. Mean SG of 23.6 months, 20.2% progressed before the end of the treatment. Tumor mean size of 4.04 cm. Mortality of 22%, with 31.5% without information on death in the medical record, and about 17% on average with missing information. Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the variables evaluated. Discussion: TNBC is a heterogeneous group of diseases, more commonly found in people aged under 40 years, of African descent, diagnosed at an advanced stage and with a high histological grade. Earlier metastasis, preferably visceral. More sensitive to CT, but with worse OS compared to other subtypes. Use of platinum, capecitabine and recent studies with immunotherapy are promising, in the search for better outcomes. Conclusion: The profile of patients with TNBC in IMP is compatible with that described in the literature. This study is a hypothesis generator and the basis for more complex research. High rates of missing information are a limiting factor.

scholarly journals Current and emerging treatment options in triple-negative breast cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Omer Dizdar ◽  
Kadri Altundag
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Endocrine Treatment ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs

Triple-negative breast cancer is defined by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 expression with immunohistochemical analysis. Triplenegative breast cancers are poorly differentiated, characterized by high histological grade and occur at a younger age. Treatment options are limited as these tumors are naturally resistant to existing targeted therapies, i.e., endocrine treatment and trastuzumab. An improved understanding of the biology of TNBC has led to evaluation of DNA-damaging chemotherapy drugs and targeted agents, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, etc., in the treatment of TNBC. This review focuses on outlining the current and emerging treatment options in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

scholarly journals Preoperative Assessment of Small Tumours in Women with Breast Cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kald ◽  
P. Boiesen ◽  
K. Ronnow ◽  
P. E. Jonsson ◽  
T. Bisgaard
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
Surgical Strategy ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Small Breast

Background and Objectives: In patients with breast cancer, planning of the surgical strategy may rely on preoperative tumour size. The optimal method for assessment of small tumours has not been established. We compared findings from preoperative mammography and ultrasonography with histopathological tumour size in patients treated with breast-conserving surgery. Material and Methods: The study was retrospective and the setting a single institution clinic with free referral of patients. The patients were examined before the operation with mammography, ultrasonography, and findings were compared with postoperative histopathological tumour size. Results: The study included 131 patients (median age was 59) years with grade I, II, and III cancers in 47, 71 and in 13 patients, respectively. The medium histological tumour size was 14 mm, range 4–45 mm. A wide 95 % confidence interval between histopathological tumour size and preoperative mammography (standard deviation 4.8 mm) and ultrasonography (standard deviation 4.8 mm) was found. The combination of mammography and ultrasonography did not improve the results (standard deviation 4.3 mm). Preoperative mammography tended to over estimate the tumour size compared with histological tumour size whereas preoperative ultrasonography tended to underestimate the tumour size. Conclusion: In this retrospective study with preoperative evaluation of small breast cancers by mammography and ultrasonography, wide 95 % confidence intervals for the methods were found and they should therefore be used with caution in the planning of the surgical strategy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document