Determination and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites in Aloe vera, Aloe arborescens and Aloe saponaria

Metabolomics is as an innovative technique for discriminating plant species. The objective of this study was to investigate the secondary metabolites of three different Aloe species, A. vera, A. arborescens, and A. saponaria profiled by 1 H-NMR analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) derived from the 1 H-NMR spectra indicated a clear discrimination among the Aloe species, providing high predictability and good fitness of the PCA model (R2 = 0.928 and Q2 = 865). As observed in the PLS-DA score plot, discrimination was observed in the Aloe species with respect to primary metabolites including sugar and organic acid and secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and carotenoids. A. vera was characterized by high levels of malate. On the other hand, as compared to the other Aloe species, A. arborescens was characterized by higher levels of aloenin and sugar metabolites such as sucrose and glucose. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC, and the amounts of carotenoids including zeaxanthin, α- and β-carotene, and phenylpropanoids in A. arborescens were found to be significantly higher than those in the other Aloe species. In conclusion, we demonstrated that 1 H-NMR-based metabolomics with chemometric analysis can be used for the facile discrimination of Aloe species.

Sealing-type Three-cavities Ventilation Joint: A New Device in Painless Bronchoscopy

Background: To observe the clinical effect and safety of the sealing-type three-cavities ventilation joint in painless bronchoscopy. To compare the respiratory mechanics between I-gel laryngeal mask and tracheal tube-controlled breath during bronchoscopy. Methods: 200 patients underwent bronchoscopy were recruited and randomly assigned to general anesthesia group (group Ⅰ, n = 100) and local anesthesia group (group Ⅱ, n = 100). General anesthesia group were divided into two groups, the I-gel laryngeal mask combined with sealing-type three-cavities ventilation joint group group(n=50) and the endotracheal tube combined with sealing-type three-cavities ventilation joint group(n=50). Patients in Group I were adopted by I-gel laryngeal mask or endotracheal tube with the sealing-type three-cavities ventilation joint after the induction anesthesia with remifentanil, propofol and succinylcholine. In group II, patients were anaesthetized with lidocaine and followed by 2mg/ kg propofol iv, and spontaneous respirations were retained with nasal cannula. All patients’ vital signs, endoscopic related adverse reactions and arterial blood gas analysis were recorded during the procedure. Results: Group I showed little changes of vital signs (P <0.05), and less adverse reaction such as the intraoperative hypoxia and intraoperative body movement (P <0.05), and no significant decrease of oxygen partial pressure (P <0.05). There is no significant difference in respiratory mechanics including tidal volume and airway pressure between two subgroups in group I(P>0.05). Conclusion: Sealing-type three-cavities ventilation joint prevents the oxygen deficit and makes it possible for us to examine patients through bronchoscope under general anesthesia without gas leakage. Moreover, sealing-type three-cavities ventilation joint provides safe and effective airway control while it does not change respiratory mechanics in endotracheal tube group compared with I-gel laryngeal mask makes endotracheal tube an alternative solution in bronchoscope. Take all these in consideration, sealing-type three-cavities ventilation joint proves to be a feasible method in bronchoscope.

Mechanism of Action of Elastic Compression Therapy in Phlebolymphology

Compression is the best therapy in the treatment of venous ulcers. The intensity of the bandage compression essentially depends on four factors: the physical structure and elastomeric properties of the bandage, the shape of the limb the bandage is applied to, the ability and experience of the doctor or nurse who applies it and the ability of the patient to deambulate [1, 2]. The development of construction technologies can help reduce the variability of inter- and intra-bandage tension: one of the most promising possibilities is the manufacturing of a vari-stretch elastomer, capable of exerting a relatively constant pressure regardless of limited variations in extension.

Clinic Stories Possible Learning from Drug Addiction

Search for a theoretical framework that answers cultural, social and anthropological questions about man, using complements to live as a being-in-the-world, based on the psychoanalytic clinic. Investigate whether the use of narcotics is individual or a result of social issues that drive the subject to use psychoactive substances. Analyze the clinical structures linked to the use of these substances. To investigate the relationship between fractures with the law and chemical dependency, and religion/ spirituality, establishing links between clinical structures in drug addiction and society. As objectives: to investigate the issues with the Father’s Law and the use of chemical substances. Relate cultural and social systems linked to addictions; seek individual and family assumptions, perhaps social, that elucidate the necessary search for a complement/drug.

Effect of Potassium Sodium Hydrogen Citrate Granule on The Wall

Objective: To observe the effect of potassium sodium hydrogen citrate Granule on the wall stone shell of preset ureteral stent before ureteroscopy. Methods: 263 cases of renal calculi treated in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 who needed ureteroscopy and successfully preset ureteral stent were investigated retrospectively. 129 cases of patients who took oral potassium sodium citrate granules 10g a day from preset ureteral stent and maintained pH between 7.6 ~ 8.0 until before ureteroscopy were classified into the experimental group, 134 patients without oral administration of any drugs were classified as the control group. The patients in the experimental group took Potassium Sodium Citrate Granules orally. The daily dose was 4 standard spoons, 1 spoonful in the morning, 1 spoonful at noon and 2 spoonfuls in the evening. Both groups of patients returned to the hospital for ureteroscopic lithotripsy after 3 weeks according to the doctor’s advice. After pulling out the ureteral stent tube during the operation, the two doctors observed whether there was wall attached stone shell on the surface of the ureteral stent tube and the thickness of the stone shell, and recorded it in a special notebook after unified opinions. Finally, weigh the weight of ureteral stent and completely scrape off the stone shell to obtain the weight of stone shell. Results: In the experimental group, 129 ureteral stents were pulled out, of which 7 showed thin stone shells and 4 showed thicker stone shells (the thickest part ≥ 1mm). The stone shell formation rate was 8.53%, and the average stone shell weight was 0.8521 ± 0.1952 G. In the control group, 134 ureteral stents were pulled out, including 21 thin stone shells and 9 thick stone shells. The stone shell formation rate was 22.39%, and the average stone shell weight was 1.7823 ± 0.1802 G. The ureteral stent was pulled out at one time in both groups. After oral administration of youlaite, there were significant differences in stone shell formation rate, stone shell thickness and stone shell weight between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Potassium sodium hydrogen citrate granules can be used as an economic, effective and safe drug to reduce the formation of stone shell attached to ureteral stent and slow down the progress of stone shell thickness, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

How the Theory of Intelligent Relativity Increases Ferroelectric and Quantum Properties of Brain and Spinal Cord Specialized Cells in Advanced Craniosacral Therapy!?

Dear Editor, As mentioned before, mass, energy and information appearances are all different appearances of consciousness. That is mass, energy, information and consciousness are different appearances of one single thing. I think all of them are different appearances of vibrating strings vibrations that in each of them, different geometric links and order exist between vibrating stings vibrations. When there is a specific and different geometric system between vibrating strings vibrations which are main components of time-space dimensions, different appearances of mass, energy, information and consciousness will be appeared [1, 2].

Comprehensive Genetic Features of Serous Ovarian Tumor Patients Revealed PIK3CA Mutation and Chromosome Instability as Prognostic Biomarkers

Background: Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women worldwide among which the most frequently occurred histological type is serous ovarian cancer (SOC). Since efficacious treatments for SOC have not advanced beyond platinum-based combination chemotherapy and more than 75% of high-grade SOC will relapse after first-line therapy, it is urgent to observe the genomic abnormalities and identify novel therapeutic targets and prognosis biomarkers. Methods: In order to comprehensively identify molecular features of serous ovarian cancer, we performed targeted sequencing with 425 cancer-related genes on four serous ovarian tumor (SOT) cohorts, classified as ovarian serous adenoma (OSA), ovarian serous borderline tumor (OSBT), low-grade serous cancer (LGSC) and high-grade serous cancer (HGSC). The association between genetic alterations and patients’ overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Results: Genomic profiling revealed distinct molecular features among these four cohorts. The frequency of genetic alterations in OSA was relatively low, and in OSBT cohort, the predominantly mutated genes, BRAF and KRAS, were identified at prevalence of 52.6% (10/19) and 36.8% (7/19) respectively with two patients harbored both these two mutations. In LGSC cohort, alterations of KRAS still occupied the highest percentage of patients which was up to 50.0% (5/10) while BRAF was not common (1/10, 10.0%). The most frequently mutated gene was TP53 in HGSC (46/47, 97.9%), whereas BRAF or KRAS mutation was rare. Meanwhile, a higher prevalence of gene copy gains in PTK2 (12/47, 25.5%), MYC (9/47, 19.1%), MDM4 (5/47, 10.6%) and ZNF217 (5/47, 10.6%) were identified only in HGSC group which indicated cancer progression promoted by chromosomal instability in this group. The median tumor mutational burden (TMB) and chromosome instability score (CIS) in cases with LGSC and HGSC higher than that in OSBT. Additionally, analysis of DNA damage repair (DDR) relevant genes showed most altered genes enriched in homologous recombination (HR) pathway in HGSC. Finally, we correlated genomic profiles with overall survival (OS) and found that PIK3CA wildtype or chromosome instability score (CIS) low patients had significantly longer OS in HGSC. Conclusion: In this study, we revealed the comprehensive genomic profiling among four SOT cohorts. Additionally, we correlated PIK3CA status and first associated chromosome instability with clinical outcomes of patients and found them to be useful clinical biomarkers in HGSC prognosis.

Stress Distribution Along the Implant-Bone Interface: A Pilot Study using Finite Element Analysis to Compare Tilted and Non-Tilted Implants under Different Loads

Introduction: This study used finite element analysis to evaluate stress distribution of implants placed at different angulations under two loadings. Stress was measured at the implant-bone interface. Methods: Four models of implant and bone were manufactured via three-dimensional optical scanning and point cloud data extraction. They included implants placed: 1) Without tilt 2) tilted at 15o, 3) tilted at 30o, and 4) tilted at 45o. A tissue-level implant was scanned, and a mandible bone model was extracted from cone-beam computed tomography systems. A 3D model of the implants in the mandible were constructed. The finite element analyses were carried out using simulation software. The physical interaction at implant-bone interfaces during loading were considered through bonded surface-to-surface contacts. Static loading (with axial forces of 150N and 300N) were applied to evaluate the implant-bone model. Results: The amount of stress along the implant-bone interface was greater under 300N loading than 150N loading. The stress along tilted implants were greater than that of non-tilted implants under both 150N and 300N. There was no significant variance among the various angles of implants. The displacements along the tilted implants were larger than those of nontilted implants. The stress distribution along the implant-bone interface increased when the loading increased. Conclusion: The tilted implants presented greater stress distribution. The in vitro stress distribution analysis using FEA will provide clinical guidance for implant placement.

Allergy Evaluation under X-Ray Exposition in Patients with Failed or Upcoming Arthroplasty

Nowadays metal implants are a major source of metal exposure. Contact allergy to nickel, cobalt and chromium is one of the most prevalent allergic reactions in humans with contact dermatitis; up to 17% of women and 3% of men. Setting up the sensitization to implant components is needed before orthopedic surgeon. Patch testing remains the gold standard for verification a for type IV reaction of metal, bone cement, or antibiotic. We assessed the records of all 22 patients, whom we followed up since orthopedic intervention or were indicated for such intervention. All patients were exposed to X-ray after placement of epicutaneous tests. X-ray exposure may have influence on positive skin test results- odds ratio 0.56 [95% confidence interval 0.16393 - 1.91031].

Finite Element Analysis of Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-Rotation Blade Combined with Cerclage Wire Fixation for Osteoporotic Subtrochanteric Fracture

Osteoporosis is a type of systemic bone disease wherein the patient is highly vulnerable to bone fracture because of the decrease in bone density and quality, destruction of the bone microstructure, and an increase in the bone fragility. Most of the osteoporotic subtrochanteric fractures are unstable in nature, requiring the conservative treatment of a long-duration bed rest and traction; this condition is prone to complications resultant from extended bed rest, often leading to death. Presently, the preferred treatment is internal fixation, such as sliding hip screws, blade plates, locking compression plates, and femoral intramedullary nails [1-8]. Owing to its valuable biological properties, intramedullary nail can be used for the optimal fixation of subtrochanteric fractures [9-11]. Unless any contraindication exist, immediate tolerable weight-bearing activities may be allowed to patients with subtrochanteric femur fractures who have been treated with statically locked intramedullary nails [12]. Considering that the proximal femoral fracture occurs under the traction of the surrounding muscles, it is extremely challenging to perform precision reduction and fixation in the surgery. Inappropriate reduction and selection of internal fixation can easily lead to failure of internal fixation, resulting in complications such as lower limb shortening deformity, hip varus deformity, and nonunion of fracture. Presently, good outcomes have been reported with the use of PFNA combined with cerclage wire for the treatment of subtrochanteric fracture of the femur [13-15]. There are few studies to help decide whether PFNA should be combined with cerclage wire or used alone according the Seinsheimer classification of subtrochanteric fractures.