A cross-sectional study of sputum handling by and supervision of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated at home in China

Background: Disposal of pharmaceutical waste among patients is a global challenge especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Improper medication disposal can lead to health problems and environmental contaminations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess disposal practices of unused medications among patients in public health centers of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 263 patients in four public health centers of Dessie town, Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were used to collect data from each study subject. Results: The majority of the respondents, 224 (85.17%) had unused medications at their home during the study period. The most commonly reported disposal method in the present study was flushing down into a toilet 66 (25.09%). None of the respondents practiced returning unused medications to Pharmacy. Moreover, 85 (32.31%) of the respondents reported never disposing their medications and believed that it is acceptable to store medications at home for future use. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high practice of keeping medications at home and most of the disposal practices were not recommended methods. In addition, most of the respondents did not get advice from pharmacists and other health care professionals on how to dispose off unused medications. Hence, there is a need for proper education and guidance of patients regarding disposal practices of unused medications.

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Psychosocial health of school-aged children during the initial COVID-19 safer-at-home school mandates in Florida: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10540-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah L. McKune ◽

Daniel Acosta ◽

Nick Diaz ◽

Kaitlin Brittain ◽

Diana Joyce- Beaulieu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Psychosocial Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Home School ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Aged Children ◽

K 12 ◽

At Home

Abstract Background Given the emerging literature regarding the impacts of lockdown measures on mental health, this study aims to describe the psychosocial health of school-aged children and adolescents during the COVID-19 Safer-at-Home School mandates. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2020 (n = 280) among K-12 students at a research school in North Central Florida. Bivariate analysis and logistic and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine socio-demographic and knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) predictors of indicators of anxiety-related, depressive, and obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)-related symptoms. Outcomes (anxiety, OCD, and depressive related symptoms) were measured by indices generated based on reported symptoms associated with each psychosocial outcome. Results Loss of household income was associated with increased risk for all three index-based outcomes: depressive symptoms [aOR = 3.130, 95% CI = (1.41–6.97)], anxiety-related symptoms [aOR = 2.531, 95%CI = (1.154–5.551)], and OCD-related symptoms [aOR = 2.90, 95%CI = (1.32–6.36)]. Being female was associated with being at higher risk for depressive symptoms [aOR = 1.72, 95% CI = (1.02–2.93)], anxiety-related symptoms [aOR = 1.75, 95% CI = (1.04–2.97)], and OCD-related symptoms [aOR = 1.764, 95%CI = (1.027–3.028)]. Parental practices protective against COVID-19 were associated with children being at higher risk of depressive symptoms [aOR = 1.55, 95% CI = (1.04–2.31)]. Lower school level was associated with children being at higher risk of anxiety-related and OCD-related symptoms. Conclusions As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, schools should prioritize mental health interventions that target younger, female students, and children of families with income loss. Limiting the spread of COVID-19 through school closure may exacerbate negative psychosocial health outcomes in children, thus school administrators should move quickly to target those at greatest risk.

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Evaluation of the performance of clinical predictors in estimating the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis among smear-negative cases in Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e037913

Author(s):

Mala George ◽

Geert-Jan Dinant ◽

Efrem Kentiba ◽

Teklu Teshome ◽

Abinet Teshome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Suspicion ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smear Negative ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Culture Negative

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of the predictors in estimating the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) when all versus only significant variables are combined into a decision model (1) among all clinical suspects and (2) among smear-negative cases based on the results of culture tests.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo public referral hospitals in Tigray, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 426 consecutive adult patients admitted to the hospitals with clinical suspicion of PTB were screened by sputum smear microscopy and chest radiograph (chest X-ray (CXR)) in accordance with the Ethiopian guidelines of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program. Discontinuation of antituberculosis therapy in the past 3 months, unproductive cough, HIV positivity and unwillingness to give written informed consent were the basis of exclusion from the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA total of 354 patients were included in the final analysis, while 72 patients were excluded because culture tests were not done.ResultsThe strongest predictive variables of culture-positive PTB among patients with clinical suspicion were a positive smear test (OR 172; 95% CI 23.23 to 1273.54) and having CXR lesions compatible with PTB (OR 10.401; 95% CI 5.862 to 18.454). The regression model had a good predictive performance for identifying culture-positive PTB among patients with clinical suspicion (area under the curve (AUC) 0.84), but it was rather poor in patients with a negative smear result (AUC 0.64). Combining all the predictors in the model compared with only the independent significant variables did not really improve its performance to identify culture-positive (AUC 0.84–0.87) and culture-negative (AUC 0.64–0.69) PTB.ConclusionsOur finding suggests that predictive models based on clinical variables will not be useful to discriminate patients with culture-negative PTB from patients with culture-positive PTB among patients with smear-negative cases.

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Frequency and patterns of first- and second-line drug resistance-conferring mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a cross-sectional study in Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

10.1016/j.jgar.2020.11.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 6-13

Author(s):

Letemichael Negash Welekidan ◽

Eystein Skjerve ◽

Tsehaye Asmelash Dejene ◽

Mengistu Welday Gebremichael ◽

Ola Brynildsrud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Line ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Tigray Region ◽

Line Drug

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Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain and Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke during Pregnancy Increase the Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study among Full-Term Infants

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1068

Author(s):

Muliana Edi ◽

Yit Chin ◽

Fui Woon ◽

Geeta Appannah ◽

Poh Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

At Home

Despite the advancement of the healthcare system, low birth weight (LBW) remains as one of the leading causes of under-five mortality. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBW and its associated factors among 483 third trimester pregnant women recruited from six selected public health clinics in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Pregnant women were interviewed for information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking behaviour, and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home and in the workplace. Information on the obstetrical history and prenatal care visits history were retrieved from the maternal medical records, while infant’s birth outcomes were retrieved from infant medical records. The prevalence of LBW (<2.5 kg) in infants was 10.4%, with a mean birth weight of 3.0 [standard deviation (SD) 0.4] kg. Results from the multivariable logistic regression model showed that inadequate weight gained during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–4.90] and exposure to SHS at home (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.03–3.55) were significantly associated with LBW. In conclusion, pregnant women should monitor their rate of weight gain throughout pregnancy and avoid SHS exposure at home to reduce the risk of delivering LBW infants.

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Profile of glycated-hemoglobin, antioxidant vitamin and cytokine levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A cross sectional study at Pulmonary Diseases Center Semarang City, Indonesia

Biomedical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.bj.2016.01.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 354-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Praba Ginandjar ◽

Lintang Dian Saraswati ◽

Bagoes Widjanarko

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Glycated Hemoglobin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pulmonary Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Cytokine Levels

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Prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in asthmatic children at home and in the car: A cross-sectional study

Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.12.009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 190-195

Author(s):

H. Antunes ◽

J. Precioso ◽

A.C. Araújo ◽

J.C. Machado ◽

C. Samorinha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

At Home

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A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOISIS AMONG RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN

10.36106/gjra/1301996 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Ganesh Salvi ◽

Rakhi Luthra

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Urban Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Tuberculosis Risk

AIM: To assess the knowledge regarding Tuberculosis cause, spread, types and duration of treatment among rural and urban population of Udaipur, Rajasthan. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted during January to March 2020 in OPD’s of PHC and UHC of Udaipur city. Total of 216 participants were included. Results: Our study showed that 30.09% were believed that Tb spread form Air, 42.22% were aware about Pulmonary tuberculosis and 53.24% were know that treatment of Tb lasts for 6 months. Conclusion: There is a need to aware people more about Tuberculosis risk factors, symptoms and treatment.

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