Shufengjiedu capsules protect against neuronal loss in olfactory epithelium and lung injury by enhancing autophagy in rats with allergic rhinitis

Objectives Several studies have reported that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed within the epithelial cell of the trachea in asthmic patients and asthmic model animals. However, neither appearance nor localization of iNOS in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis has been examined. This research clarifies expression and the localization of iNOS in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis by using the allergic model mice. Methods Allergic rhinitis was induced in male mice at 6 weeks of age using purified Japanese cedar pollen allergen (Cry j 1). Cry j 1 was injected 2 times into the abdomen (day 0 and 4) and administered intranasally for 7 consecutive days (day 9–15). On day 22, the expression and localization of iNOS in nasal mucosa of both allergic rhinitis model and control mice were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results In control mice, the expression of iNOS was localized in olfactory nerve, nasal gland beneath the respiratory epithelium and vascular endothelial cells. In allergic rhinitis group, the expression of iNOS was not only localized in olfactory nerve, nasal gland, and vascular endothelial cells, but also in olfactory epithelium and respiratory epithelium. Conclusions The expression of iNOS was increased in olfactory epithelium and respiratory epithelium of allergic rhinitis mice compared with controls.

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CX3CR1 deficiency exacerbates neuronal loss and impairs early regenerative responses in the target-ablated olfactory epithelium

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.mcn.2011.08.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 236-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Linda V. Blomster ◽

Jana Vukovic ◽

Debbie A.E. Hendrickx ◽

Steffen Jung ◽

Alan R. Harvey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Neuronal Loss

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Human APOE ɛ3 and APOE ɛ4 Alleles Have Differential Effects on Mouse Olfactory Epithelium

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-215152 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Naazneen Khan ◽

Yelena Alimova ◽

Sophie J. Clark ◽

Hemendra Vekaria ◽

Adeline E. Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Uptake ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Odorant Receptor ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Apoe Genotype ◽

Neuronal Loss ◽

Cellular Respiration ◽

Stress Tests ◽

Human Apoe ◽

Age Dependent

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive age-dependent disorder whose risk is affected by genetic factors. Better models for investigating early effects of risk factors such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype are needed. Objective: To determine whether APOE genotype produces neuropathologies in an AD-susceptible neural system, we compared effects of human APOE ɛ3 (E3) and APOE ɛ4 (E4) alleles on the mouse olfactory epithelium. Methods: RNA-Seq using the STAR aligner and DESeq2, immunohistochemistry for activated caspase-3 and phosphorylated histone H3, glucose uptake after oral gavage of 2-[1,2-3H (N)]-deoxy-D-glucose, and Seahorse Mito Stress tests on dissociated olfactory mucosal cells. Results: E3 and E4 olfactory mucosae show 121 differentially abundant mRNAs at age 6 months. These do not indicate differences in cell type proportions, but effects on 17 odorant receptor mRNAs suggest small differences in tissue development. Ten oxidoreductases mRNAs important for cellular metabolism and mitochondria are less abundant in E4 olfactory mucosae but this does not translate into differences in cellular respiration. E4 olfactory mucosae show lower glucose uptake, characteristic of AD susceptibility and consistent with greater expression of the glucose-sensitive gene, Asns. Olfactory sensory neuron apoptosis is unaffected at age 6 months but is greater in E4 mice at 10 months. Conclusion: Effects of human APOE alleles on mouse olfactory epithelium phenotype are apparent in early adulthood, and neuronal loss begins to increase by middle age (10 months). The olfactory epithelium is an appropriate model for the ability of human APOE alleles to modulate age-dependent effects associated with the progression of AD.

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Methods for making stereoslides and -prints, with freeze-etched olfactory epithelium as example

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100113408 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 704-705

Author(s):

Bert Ph. M. Menco ◽

Ido F. Menco ◽

Frans L.T. Verdonk

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Supporting Cell ◽

Structural Features ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Freezing Method ◽

Respiratory Epithelia ◽

Three Dimensional Presentation

Previously we presented an extensive study of the distributions of intramembranous particles of structures in apical surfaces of nasal olfactory and respiratory epithelia of the Sprague-Dawley rat. For the same structures these distributions were compared in samples which were i) chemically fixed and cryo-protected with glycerol before cryo-fixation, after excision, and ii)ultra-rapidly frozen by means of the slam-freezing method. Since a three-dimensional presentation markedly improves visualization of structural features micrographs were presented as stereopairs. Two exposures were made by tiling the sample stage of the electron microscope 6° in either direction with an eucentric goniometer. The negatives (Agfa Pan 25 Professional) were reversed with Kodak Technical Pan Film 2415 developed in D76 1:1. The prints were made from these reversed negatives. As an example tight-junctional features of an olfactory supporting cell in a region where this cell conjoined with two other cells are presented (Fig. 1).

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Sequential degranulation of eosinophils induced by antigen or autocoids in allergic humans

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100143390 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 354-355

Author(s):

Kate W. Sjoerdsma ◽

W. James Metzger

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Allergic Asthma ◽

Skin Test ◽

Positive Skin Test ◽

Positive Skin ◽

Human Eosinophil ◽

Asthmatic Patients ◽

Allergic Asthmatic ◽

History Of

Eosinophils are important to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, and are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage within four hours after bronchoprovocation of allergic asthmatic patients, and remain significantly increased up to 24 hours later. While the components of human eosinophil granules have been recently isolated and purified, the mechanisms of degranulation have yet to be elucidated.We obtained blood from two volunteers who had a history of allergic rhinitis and asthma and a positive skin test (5x5mm wheal) to Alternaria and Ragweed. Eosinophils were obtained using a modification of the method described by Roberts and Gallin.

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Effects of Selected Rhinologic Disorders on the Perception of Nasal Resonance in Children

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1501.44 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael P. Rastatter ◽

Melvin Hyman

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Normal Children ◽

Nasal Resonance

A group of sophisticated listeners judged the nasal resonance characteristics of normal children versus children evidencing selected rhinologic disorders under three speaking conditions. Results showed that perceptions of denasality are influenced by both speakers and speaking tasks. That is, children with allergic rhinitis and edemic adenoids were perceived as being denasal when they produced VCV utterances and recited sentences. However, their resonance characteristics were deemed normal for vowel productions. Interestingly, children with severely deviated septums were judged to have normal nasal resonance under all speaking conditions. Clinical implications are discussed.

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