scholarly journals Primary and secondary succession on wooded peat-bogs

10.5586/1160 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Neuhäusl
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Natural Succession ◽  
Eriophorum Angustifolium ◽  
Land Drainage ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Succession Series

Study of primary and secondary succession on wooded peat- bogs are presented. Research has been done on a complex of mountain peat-bogs in the Bohemian Moravian Highland (Czechoslovakia). Natural succession series began with reed sedge and reed stands and terminated with <i>Viccinio uliginosi-Pinetum</i>, <i>Calamagrostio villosae-Piceatum</i> and <i>Alnion glutinosae</i> uder oligotrophic, oligo-mesotrophic and meso-eutrophic conditions, respectively. In marginal parts of peat-bogs (lagg) sedge fens are followed by birch cart. Open pine stands (<i>Pino rotundatae-Sphagnetum</i>) is submitted to cyclic succesion. The secondary succession may begin with the <i>Sphagnum cuspidatum</i>, <i>Eriophorum angustifolium</i> or <i>Carex rostrata</i>, and <i>Carex rostrata</i> stages, depending on trophic conditions of water. The final stage is usually <i>Vaccinio uliginosi</i>-<i>Pinetum</i> or <i>Pino rotundatae</i>-<i>Spagnetum</i>. Secondary succession pattern is influenced both by eutrophication and peat-land drainage.

scholarly journals Small-mammal assemblages inhabiting Sphagnum peat bogs in various regions of Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Mateusz Ciechanowski ◽  
Jan Cichocki ◽  
Agnieszka Ważna ◽  
Barbara Piłacińska
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Mammal Assemblages ◽  
Sorex Minutus ◽  
Pygmy Shrew

Abstract We studied species composition of assemblages of small mammals (rodents and shrews) inhabiting Polish 25 ombrotrophic mires and quaking bogs in several regions in order to reveal characteristic features of their quantitative structure and compare them between regions, internal zones of the bog habitats, and different levels of anthropogenic degradation. We reviewed also all published results of small-mammal trapping in such habitats. Mammals were captured in pitfalls, snap traps and live traps on 12 bogs of the Pomerania region, 4 bogs of the Orawa-Nowy Targ Basin (Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska), 3 bogs in the Świętokrzyskie Mts, and 6 bogs in Wielkopolska and the Lubusz Land. Additionally, we included materials collected from Barber traps (pitfalls) used during studies of epigeic invertebrates on 4 bogs. In total, 598 individuals of 12 species were collected. The number of pitfall captures per 100 trapnights was very low (7.0-7.8), suggesting low population density. Shrews predominated among mammals captured in pitfalls, and the assemblage structure appeared to be similar to impoverished forest fauna, slightly enriched with ubiquitous species from meadows and agroecosystems, with a very small percentage of typical wetland species (Neomys fodiens, Neomys anomalus, Microtus oeconomus). Rodents (mostly Myodes glareolus) predominated only in samples obtained by live and snap traps. Pygmy shrew Sorex minutus was the most numerous species at most sites, sometimes being the only small mammal in that habitat, especially in well-preserved, treeless parts of bogs, dominated by Sphagnum peatmoss. The dominance and high constancy of S. minutus appear to be a characteristic feature of small-mammal assemblages inhabiting ombrotrophic mires, at least in some regions of Central and Western Europe. Enrichment of the fauna with other species might be related to either improved trophic conditions (by contact with mineralized ground waters) or habitat degradation (by peat mining, drainage, and subsequent secondary succession).

scholarly journals Dynamics of vegetation changes in oil and salt-contaminated oligotrophic ridge-hollow mire complexes after reclamation (Middle Pre-Ob region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-350
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Shishkonakova
Keyword(s):  
West Siberia ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Eriophorum Angustifolium ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Moss Layer ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
Oxycoccus Palustris ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous ◽  
Eutrophic Species

Oligotrophic ridge-hollow and ridge-hollow-pool complex mires are widely distributed in the central part of West Siberia, including many oil fields of the Middle Pre-Ob region. The article considers the dynamics of re-vegetation of oil and salt-contaminated areas of these mire types subjected to reclamation. Survey materials for 2–3 years and 15 years after reclamation allow to identify the main trends in vegetation restoration in the short and medium term. The reversible oligotrophication of ridges manifests in a relative decrease in the participation of the meso-eutrophic species on contaminated mire sites. In the hollows, however, the similar trend can be traced only in relation to oil-contaminated sites, whereas in the salt-contaminated hollows, the strong eutrophic conditions last. In the medium-term perspective, most typical oligotrophic hollow species, with the exception of Eriophorum russeolum and Oxycoccus palustris, were unable to recover. In the course of dynamic changes in the vegetation, the leading role in recovery successions gradually passes to mesotrophic and eutrophic species possessing massive root systems and aerenchyma – Eriophorum angustifolium, Phragmites australis, Carex rostrata, etc. Restoration of the moss layer is several years behind that of the grass layer, and due to the lack of competition, the participation of liverworts in it is of great importance, especially in salt spills. At the same time, among mosses as in the case of vascular species mesotrophic components are the main dominant ones15 years after reclamation.

Weight and nutrient content of litter during secondary succession on well-drained uplands of the East Gulf Coastal Plain in Mississippi

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hlnesley ◽  
L. E. Nelson ◽  
G. L. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Gulf Coastal Plain ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Mature Stands

Production of forest litter was examined over 2 years in a chronosequence of stands representing four stages of secondary succession on well-drained uplands of the East Gulf Coastal Plain in Mississippi. Average age for these stands was from 22 to 207 years. Early succession was dominated by dense pine stands, whereas mature forests were about 75% hardwood. Litter mass was greatest early in succession, when productivity was highest, and decreased as stands matured. Foliage was approximately 70% of the litter throughout succession. The remaining 30% was mostly large woody material in young pine stands, but a heavy reproductive component in mature stands. Stands dominated by pines produced litter throughout the year, whereas hardwood stands were more cyclic. In young pine stands, the N and P content of litter was already 80–90% of the maximum value realized later in succession, whereas Ca and Mg accumulated in proportion to hardwood basal area. Nutrient concentrations in litter varied by season, component, and stage of succession. Foliar litter that fell in the spring and summer had higher N and P concentrations than that that fell in the fall. Seasonal patterns of litter production, as well as variations in nutrient concentration, made the monthly variation of nutrients returned to the forest floor less extreme than that of foliar litter fall weights.

scholarly journals Methanotrophic and Methanogenic Communities in Swiss Alpine Fens Dominated by Carex rostrata and Eriophorum angustifolium

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 5832-5844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simrita Cheema ◽  
Josef Zeyer ◽  
Ruth Henneberger
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eriophorum Angustifolium ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
Methanotrophic Communities

ABSTRACTVascular plants play a key role in controlling CH4emissions from natural wetlands, because they influence CH4production, oxidation, and transport to the atmosphere. Here we investigated differences in the abundance and composition of methanotrophic and methanogenic communities in three Swiss alpine fens dominated by different vascular plant species under natural conditions. The sampling locations either were situated at geographically distinct sites with different physicochemical properties but the same dominant plant species (Carex rostrata) or were located within the same site, showing comparable physicochemical pore water properties, but had different plant species (C. rostrataorEriophorum angustifolium). All three locations were permanently submerged and showed high levels of CH4emissions (80.3 to 184.4 mg CH4m−2day−1). Soil samples were collected from three different depths with different pore water CH4and O2concentrations and were analyzed forpmoAandmcrAgene and transcript abundance and community composition, as well as soil structure. The dominant plant species appeared to have a significant influence on the composition of the active methanotrophic communities (transcript level), while the methanogenic communities differed significantly only at the gene level. Yet no plant species-specific microbial taxa were discerned. Moreover, for all communities, differences in composition were more pronounced with the site (i.e., with different physicochemical properties) than with the plant species. Moreover, depth significantly influenced the composition of the active methanotrophic communities. Differences in abundance were generally low, and active methanotrophs and methanogens coexisted at all three locations and depths independently of CH4and O2concentrations or plant species.

Atmospheric deposition of arsenic and selenium in ombrotrophic peat bogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 1427-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
M. Krachler ◽  
W. Shotyk
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Ombrotrophic Peat

At the final stage of the global crisis: Economic tasksin 2017-2019

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
National Trends

The paper deals with the global and national trends of economic and social development at the final stage of the global structural crisis. Special attention is paid to intellectual challenges economists will face with in the post-crisis world: prospects of growth without inflation, new global currencies and the role of cryptocurrencies, central banks independence and their role in economic growth stimulation, new tasks and patterns of government regulation, inequality and growth. Special features of Russian post-crisis development are also under consideration. Among them: prospects of macroeconomic support of growth, inflation targeting, new fiscal rule, social dynamics and new challenges to welfare state. The paper concludes that the main obstacles for economic growth in Russia are concentrated in the non-economic area.

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